MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, COLUMBIA THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State-Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS, 1998-2001 LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla, President JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, JR., Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Liberty, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G. J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary, and Librarian PERMANENT TRUSTEES FORMER PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville TRUSTEES, 1996-1999 BRUCE H. BECKETT, Columbia JAMES R. MAYO, Bloomfield CHARLES B. BROWN, Kennett W. GRANT MCMURRAY, Independence DONNA HUSTON, Marshall THOMAS L. MILLER SR., Washington TRUSTEES, 1997-2000 JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES B. NUTTER, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City HENRY J. WATERS III, Columbia DALE REESMAN, Boonville TRUSTEES, 1998-2001 WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield VIRGINIA LAAS, Joplin CHARLES R. BROWN, St. Louis EMORY MELTON, Cassville VERA F. BURK, Kirksville DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City DICK FRANKLIN, Independence JAMES R. REINHARD, Hannibal EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Eight trustees elected by the board of trustees, together with the president of the Society, consti­ tute the executive committee. The executive director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia, Chairman LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia VERA F. BURK, Kirksville MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW VOLUME XCIII, NUMBER 4 JULY 1999 JAMES W. GOODRICH LYNN WOLF GENTZLER Editor Associate Editor SUKANYA DUTTA-WHITE AMY L. NORD Information Specialist Information Specialist The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is published quarterly by the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Receipt of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is a benefit of membership in the State Historical Society of Missouri. Phone (573) 882-7083; fax (573) 884-4950; e-mail <[email protected]>; web site <www.system.missouri.edu/shs>. Periodicals postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. POSTMASTERS: Send address changes to MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Copyright © 1999 by The State Historical Society of Missouri COVER DESCRIPTION: Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon commanded the Union forces at the Battle of Wilson's Creek near Springfield on August 10,1861. He was one of the 1,344 casualties suffered by the Army of the West during the battle. In the article '"Springfield is a Vast Hospital': The Dead and Wounded at the Battle of Wilson's Creek," beginning on page 345, William Garrett Piston examines the haphazard way in which both the North and South prepared for battle casualties and then dealt with the overwhelming number of dead and wounded in the battle's aftermath. The cover image depicting Lyon's death is from an engraving by Louis Kurz and Alexander Allison published in 1893. [Cover illustration in the State Historical Society of Missouri's art collection] EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Missouri history will be con­ sidered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The foot­ notes, prepared according to The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th ed., also should be dou­ ble-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors may submit manuscripts on disk, preferably in WordPerfect or Microsoft Word. Two hard copies still are required. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation, and style are criteria for acceptance and publication. Manuscripts should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of the State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be published elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Missouri Historical Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quarterly, and The Journal of American History. Manuscripts submitted for the Review should be addressed to Dr. James W. Goodrich, Editor, Missouri Historical Review, State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN SUSAN M. HARTMANN University of Missouri-Rolla Ohio State University Columbus WILLIAM E. FOLEY ALAN R. HAVIG Central Missouri State University Stephens College Warrensburg Columbia VIRGINIA J. LAAS DAVID D. MARCH Missouri Southern State College Kirksville Joplin ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI ANNUAL MEETING WORKSHOPS In conjunction with the 1999 annual meeting on Saturday, October 23, the State Historical Society will offer two workshops to Society members and the public. Creating and Maintaining Your Family Photo Archive Christine Montgomery, photographic specialist for the State Historical Society, will present this slide lecture. Montgomery will pro­ vide participants with a brief history of nineteenth- and early twentieth- century photo processes and describe their usefulness in dating family photographs. A portion of the workshop will be devoted to discussing what to include in a family photo archive and how to properly care for photographs. Genealogy: Going Beyond the Beginning Max and Anne Miller, former co-presidents of the Genealogical Society of Central Missouri, will offer methods to advance beginning family history skills to an intermediate level. Expect to explore court­ house research (probate records, deeds, marriage records, and court records), cemetery visits, important Internet sites, and Missouri resource facilities and to learn other helpful suggestions for pursuing genealogical investigation. The workshops will be held from 9:00 to 10:30 A.M. in the Donald W. Reynolds Alumni and Visitor Center on the University of Missouri- Columbia campus. The registration for each workshop is $10.00, and due to space constraints, enrollment will be limited. Membership in the Society is not required. To reserve a place in a workshop send a check made payable to the State Historical Society of Missouri and choice of workshop to: Workshops '99 The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, MO 65201-7298 Join the State Historical Society to help preserve n Missouri's heritage. Founded in 1898, the State Historical Society is the preeminent research facility for the study of the Show Me State's heritage. It is the only statewide historical society in Missouri. The Society has assembled the second-largest specialized research library in the state and the largest collection of state news­ papers in the nation. The Society invites interested individuals to support its mission of col­ lecting, preserving, and making accessible the state's history by becoming a member. Members receive a one-year subscription to the Society's quarterly publication, the Missouri Historical Review. The State Historical Society is a not-for-profit, tax-exempt organization. Gifts of cash and property to the Society are deductible for federal income, estate, and gift tax purposes. Individual membership $10.00 Contributing membership $25.00 Supporting membership $50.00 Annual sustaining membership $100.00 to $499.00 Annual patron membership $500.00 or more Life membership $250.00 To join the Society or to inquire about gifts or bequests contact: James W. Goodrich State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201-7298 Phone (573) 882-7083 CONTENTS "SPRINGFIELD IS A VAST HOSPITAL": THE DEAD AND WOUNDED AT THE BATTLE OF WILSON'S CREEK. By William Garrett Piston 345 STORIES OF EVERYDAY LIVING: THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF MARGARET BRUIN MACHETTE. By Margaret Baker Graham 367 SOME PRIVATE ADVICE ON PUBLISHERS: CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN LAURA C. REDDEN AND SAMUEL L. CLEMENS. By Judy Yaeger Jones 386 TOILERS OF THE CITIES AND TILLERS OF THE SOIL: THE 1889 ST. LOUIS "CONVENTION OF THE MIDDLE CLASSES." By Michael J. Steiner 397 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS Society Adds to Web Site 417 News in Brief 418 Local Historical Societies 421 Gifts Relating to Missouri 432 Missouri History in Newspapers 435 Missouri History in Magazines 440 In Memoriam 448 BOOK REVIEWS 449 Larsen, Lawrence H., and Nancy J. Hulston. Pendergast! Reviewed by Donald B. Oster. Launius, Roger D. Alexander William Doniphan: Portrait of a