Psychoactive Medications Grouped by Drug Class and Foods Studied tor Psychoactive Effects Drug and class Trade name(s) CNS stimulants amphetamine Benzedrine® deanol Deaner® dextroamphetamine (D-amphetamine) Dexedrine® dextroamphetamine/amphetamine" Adderall® levoamphetamine (L-amphetamine) Cydril® methamphetamine Desoxyn® methylphenidate Ritalin® pemoline Cylert® Neuroleptics (antipsychotics, "major tranquilizers") Phenothiazines chlorpromazine Largactil®, Thorazine® ftuphenazine (decanoate) Prolixin®, Modecate® mesoridazine Serentil® peracetazine Quide® pericyazine Neulactil® perphenazine Trilafon® pipothiazine palrnitate Piportil® prochlorperazine Compazine®, Stemetil® promazine Sparine® thioridazine Mellaril® triftuoperazine Stelazine® Thioxanthenes chlorprothixene Taractan®, Tarasan® ftupenthixol (decanoate) Depixol® thiothixene Navane® Benzisothiazolyl piperazines ziprasidone Zeldox® Practitioner's Guide to Psychoactive Drugs for Children and Adolescents (Second Edition), Werry and Aman, eds. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, 1999. 471 472 Psychoactive Medications Grouped by Drug Class Drug and class Trade name(s) Neuroleptics (antipsychotics, "major tranquilizers") (cont.) Benzisoxazoles risperidone Risperdal® Butyrophenones droperidol Droleptan® haloperidol Haldol®, Serenace® pipamperon Dipiperon® Dibenzothiazepines quetiapine Seroquel® Dibenzoxazepines loxapine Loxitane® Dihydroindolones molindone Moban® Diphenylbutylpiperidines pimozide Orap® Dibenzodiazepines clozapine Clozaril®, Leponex® Thienobenzodiazepines olanzapine Zypexa® sertindole Serlect® Antiparkinson drugsb amantadine Symrnetrel® benztropine Cogentin® biperiden Akineton® diphenhydramine Benadryl® ethopropazine Parsidol® procyclidine Kemadrin® trihexyphenidyl Artane® Antidepressant drugs Tricyclies amitriptyline Elavil®, Amitril®, Endep® clomipramine Anafranil desipramine Norpramin®, Pertofrane® doxepin Sinequan®, Adapin® imipramine Tofranil®, Janimine®, Dumex® nortriptyline Pamelor®, Aventyl®, Allegron® protriptyline Vivactil®, Concordin® trimipramine Surmontil® Atypical antidepressants amoxapine Asendin® bupropion Wellbutrin® maprotiline Ludiomil® Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine Prozac® fluvoxarnine Luvox® paroxetine Paxil® sertraline Zoloft® Serotonin agonists and antagonists nefazadone Serzone® trazodone Desyrel® Serotonin-norepinephrine dual reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine Effexor® Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) isocarboxazid Marplan® moclobemide Aurorix® Psychoactive Medications Grouped by Drug Class 473 Drug and c1ass Trade name(s) Antidepressant drugs (cont.) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (cont.) phenelzine Nardil® selegiline Deprenyl® tranylcypromine Parnate® Novel antidepressants mirtazapine Remeron® Other hypericum extract (active ingredient in St. John's wort) Kira® Mood stabilizers (antimanics) carbamazepinec Tegretol® c10nazepamc Klonopin®, Rivotril® lithium carbonate Eskalith®, Lithane®, Lithobid®, Lithonate®, Lithotab® lithium citrate Cibalith-S® valproic acidc Depakote®, Depakene®, Epilim® Antiepileptics (anticonvulsants) Barbiturates mephobarbital Mebaral® phenobarbital Gardenal®, Luminal® primidone Mysoline® Hydantoins ethotoin Peganone® mephenytoin Mesantoin® phenytoin Dilantin® Succinimides ethosuximide Zarontin® methsuximide Celontin® phensuximide Milontin® Benzodiazepines c10nazepamc Klonopin®, Rivotril® clorazepateC Tranxene® diazepamc Valium® lorazepamc Ativan® GABA agonists tiagabine Gabitril®, Tiabex® valproic acidldivalproex Depakene®, Depakote®, Epilim® vigabatrin (-y-vinyl GABA) Sabril® Membrane-acting or multiple mechanisms carbamazepine Tegretol® felbamate Felbatol® gabapentin Neurotin® lamotrigine Lamictal® topiramate Topamax® New/under development c10bazam flunarizine Sibelium® GW 534 10rec1ezole oxcarbazepine progabide Gabren® remacemide rufinamide stiripentol zonisamide 474 Psychoactive Medications Grouped by Drug Class Drug and class Trade name(s) Sedative-hypnotics Antihistamines diphenhydramine Benadryl® hydroxyzine Atarax®, Vistaril® promethazine Phenergan® trimeprazine Temaril®, Vallergan® Benzodiazepines ("minor tranquilizers") alprazolam Xanax® chlordiazepoxide Librium® clonazepamc Klonopin®, Rivotril® clorazepateC Tranxene® diazepamc Valium® flurazepam Dalmane® lorazepamc Ativan® nitrazepam Mogadon® oxazepam Serax®, Serapax® prazepam Verstran® temazepam Restoril®, Euhypnos® triazolam Halcion® Benzodiazepine analogues zopiclone Imovane® Atypical anxiolytics buspirone BuSpar® Other alcohol chloral hydrate Noctec® melatonin Melatonex®, Somniset® meprobamate Equanil®, Miltown® secobarbital Seconal® Cl2-adrenergic agonists clonidine Catapres®, Combipres® guanfacine Tenex® Opiate blockers naloxone Narcan® naltrexone Trexan® ß blockers acebutolol Sectral® atenolol Tenoretic®, Tenormin® bisoprolol Zebeta® esmolol Brevibloc® labetolol Normodyne® metoprolol LopressorllP, Toprol® nadolol Corgard® oxprenolol Oxanol®, TrasicorIIP penbutolol Levatol® propranolol Inderal®, Inderide® sotalol Betapace®, SotacorllP, Sotalex® timolol Blocadren®, Timoptic® Nootropics aniracetam Draganon®, Reset®, Sarpul® etiracetam nefiracetam oxiracetam Neuromet®, Neuractiv® piracetam Avigilen®, Nootropil®, Nootropyl®, othersd pramiracetam Neupramif®, Remen® rolziracetam Psychoactive Medications Grouped by Drug elass 475 Drug and class Trade name( s) Miseellaneous Fenflurarnine (serotoninolytie agent) (withdrawn from the Pondimin®, Ponderax® market) 5-Hydroxytryptophan (serotonin preeursor) L-tryptophan (serotonin preeursor) (off the market in the United States) Foods and and substanees present in food Foods/derivatives aspartame Equal®, NutraSweet® eaffeine ehocolate eholine sugar tryptophan tyrosine Food additives benzoie aeid monosodium glutamate tartrazine Vitamins/minerals iron vitamin B6 zine aDextroamphetamine saccharate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine aspartate, amphetamine sulfate. bDrug belongs to more !han one clinical group. cPrequently used 10 !real extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleplic drugs; seldom used as psychotropic drugs. dCerebroforte®, Cerebrospan®, Cetam®, Dinagen®, Encefalux®, Encetrop®, Euvifor®, Gabacet®, Genogris®, Memo-Puren®, Nootron®, Nootrop®, Normabrain®, Norzetam®, Pirroxil®, Psycoton®, Stimucortex®. Major Psychoactive Medications Ordered by Trade ame Trade name Generic name Class Adapin® doxepin Antidepressant Adderall® dextroamphetamine/amphetamine CNS stimulant Akineton® biperiden Antiparkinson Allegron® nortriptyline Antidepressant Amitril® amitriptyline Antidepressant Anafranil® c10mipramine Antidepressant Artane® trihexyphenidyl Antiparkinson Asendin® amoxapine Antidepressant AtaraxiII> hydroxyzine Sedative-hypnotic Ativan® lorazepam Sedative-hypnotic, antiepileptic Aurorix® mocIobemide Antidepressant Aventyl® nortriptyline Antidepressant Avigilen® piracetam Nootropic Benadryl® diphenhydramine Sedative-hypnotic, antiparkinson Benzedrine® amphetamine CNS stimulant Betapace® sotalol ß-Blocker Blocadren® timolol ß-Blocker Brevibloc® esmolol ß-Blocker BuSpar® buspirone Sedative-hypnotic (anxiolytic) Catapres® c10nidine Antihypertensive, Ot2-adrenergic agonist Celontin® methsuximide Antiepileptic Cerebroforte® piracetam Nootropic Cerebrospan® piracetam Nootropic Cetam® piracetam Nootropic Cibalith-S® lithium citrate Mood stabilizer/antimanic Clozaril® c10zapine Neuroleptic Cogentin® benztropine Antiparkinson Combipres® c10nidine Antihypertensive, Ot2-adrenergic agonist Compazine® prochlorperazine Neuroleptic Concordin® protriptyline Antidepressant Corgard® nadolol ß-Blocker Cydril® levoamphetamine CNS stimulant Cylert® pemoline CNS stimulant Dalmane® flurazepam Sedative-hypnotic Deaner® deanol CNS stimulant Practitioner s Guide to Psychoactive Drugs for Children and Adolescents (Second Edition), Werry and Aman, eds. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, 1999. 477 478 Major Psychoactive Medications Ordered by Trade Name Trade name Generic name Class Depakene® valproic acid Antiepileptic, mood stabilizer/antimanic Depakote® valproic acid Antiepileptic, mood stabilizer/antimanic Depixol® flupenthixol (decanoate) Neuroleptic Deprenyl® selegiline Antidepressant Desoxyn® methamphetamine CNS stimulant Desyrel® trazodone Antidepressant Dexedrine® dextroamphetarnine (D-amphetamine) CNS stimulant Dilantin® phenytoin Antiepileptic Dinagen® piracetam Nootropic Dipiperon® pipamperon N euroleptic Draganon® aniracetam Nootropic Droleptan® droperidol Neuroleptic Dumex® imipramine Antidepressant Elavil® amitriptyline Antidepressant Encefalux® piracetam Nootropic Encetrop® piracetam Nootropic Endep® amitriptyline Antidepressant Epilim® valproic acid Antiepileptic, mood stabilizer/antimanic Equanil® meprobamate Sedati ve-hypnotic Eskalith® lithium carbonate Mood stabilizer/antimanic Euhypnos® temazepam Sedative-hypnotic Euvifor® piracetam Nootropic Felbatol® felbamate Antiepileptic Gabacet® piracetam Nootropic Gabitril® tiagabine Antiepileptic Gabren® progabide Antiepileptic Gardenal® phenobarbital Antiepileptic Genogris® piracetam Nootropic Halcion® triazolam sedative-hypnotic Haldol® haloperidol Neuroleptic Imovane® zopiclone Sedative-hypnotic Inderal® propranolol ß-Blocker Inderide® propranolol ß-Blocker Janimine® imipramine Antidepressant Kemadrin® procyclidine Antiparkinson Klonopin® clonazepam Antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, mood stabilizerl antimanie Larnictal® lamotrigine Antiepileptic Largactil® chlorpromazine Neuroleptic Leponex® clozapine Neuroleptic Levatol® penbutolol ß-Blocker Librium® chlordiazepoxide Sedative-hypnotic Lithane® lithium carbonate Mood