(ISSN 0149-4910) Vol. 59, No. 2 • June 2015 a publication of the NORTH AMERICAN COLLEGES AND TEACHERS OF AGRICULTURE 2014 - 2015 NACTA Officers President Secretary-Treasurer Membership Director Bonnie Walters Marilyn B. Parker Ron Hanson University of Wisconsin-River Falls 151 West 100 South, Rupert, ID 83350 University of Nebraska, 204A Filley Hall 410 S 3rd St, River Falls, WI 54022 Ph: 208.436.0692, Fax: 208.436.1384 PO Box 830922, Lincoln, NE 68583-0922 Ph: 715.425.3704, Fax: 715.425.3785 Email: [email protected] Ph: 402.472.2055, Fax: 402.472.3460 Email: [email protected] Journal Editor Email: [email protected] Immediate Past President Rick Parker Co-Membership Director Jeff Hattey 151 West 100 South, Rupert, ID 83350 Jeannette A. Moore Ohio State University, 100 Ag Admin Bldg, Ph: 208.957.7001, Fax: 208.436.1384 Department of Animal Science 2120 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 Email: [email protected] North Carolina State University Ph:614.688.5612 Historian Room 226A Polk Hall Email: [email protected] Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621 Kevin Donnelly President Elect Ph: 919.515.4010 Kansas State University, Dept of Agronomy Email: [email protected] Tracy S. Hoover 3107 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 College of Agricultural Sciences Ph: 785.532.5402, Fax: 785.532.6094 101 Agricultural Administration Building Email: [email protected] The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802-2602 Ph: 814.865.7521, Fax: 814.863.7277 Email: [email protected] Regional Directors Committee Chairs Stephanie McKenna, California State - Fresno Canadian Director Journal Awards: Douglas Malo, South Dakota State University Kent Mullinix Crystal Allen, University of Illinois Erdogan Memili, Mississippi State Greg Miller, Iowa State University Kwantlen Polytechnic University Membership & Public Relations: Kimberly Moore, University of Florida 12666 72nd Ave, Surrey, BC, Canada Ron Hanson, University of Nebraska - Lincoln Jeannette Moore, NC State University Ph: 604.612.1252 Jeannette A. Moore, NC State University Email: [email protected] Kent Mullinix, Kwantlen Polytechnic University Educational Issues and Teaching Michael Nicodemus, Abilene Christian University Canadian Director-Elect Improvement: Kim Niewolny, Virginia Tech Dana Penrice Kimberly Moore, Chair, University of Florida Carol O’Neil, Louisiana State University 5712 49 Ave Teacher Recognition: Michael Pate, Utah State University Lacombe, AB T4L 1M4, Canada Nick Fuhrman, Chair, University of Georgia Pasha Peffer, Ohio State University Email: [email protected] Greg Pillar, Queens University International Committee Chair: Central Region Director Shea Porr, Virginia Tech Laura White, New Mexico State University Ann Marie VanDerZanden Shannon Pratt, NC State University Iowa State University NACTA Foundation Advisory Council: Steven J Rocca, California State - Fresno 141 Horticulture Hall, Ames, IA 50011 Jeff Hattey, The Ohio State University Maud Roucan-Kane, Sam Houston State University Ph: 515.294.5075 Mark Russell, Purdue University Email: [email protected] Rebecca K. Splan, Virginia Tech Editorial Board Pamela Scheffler, University of Hawaii Central Region Director-Elect Andrew Barkley, Kansas State University Phil Shuler, Fort Lewis College, Durango, CO Lyle Westrom Melanie Bayles, Oklahoma State University Manoj K Shukla, New Mexico State University University of Minnesota, Crookston Kimberly Bellah, Murray State University Tammy Stephenson, University of Kentucky Dairy Sci & Ag Ed, Hill Hall 105 Erika Berg, North Dakota State University Robert Strong, Texas A&M University 2900 University Ave, Crookston, MN 56716 Jean A. Bertrand, University of Georgia Kyle Stutts, Sam Houston State Ph: 218.281.8110, Fax: 218.281.8694 Deborah Bridges, University Nebraska - Kearney Ben Swan, CalPoly, San Luis Obispo Email: [email protected] Ed Brokaw, Abilene Christian University Shweta Trivedi, NC State University Ken Casavant, Washington State University Eastern Region Director Cheryl Wachenheim, North Dakota State University Susan Clark, Virginia Tech Lurline Marsh Larae Watkins, University of Central Missouri Tracy Dougher, Montana State University University of Maryland-Eastern Shore Judith White, University of New Mexico Neal Eash, University of Tennessee, Knoxville Dept of Ag Susie Whittington, Ohio State University Chanda Elbert, Texas A&M University 30921 Martin Court, Princess Anne, MD 21853 Karen Williams, University of Wyoming John Ewing, Penn State University Email: [email protected] Gary Wingenbach, Texas A&M University Paula Faulkner, NC A&T Art Wolfskill, Sam Houston State University Southern Region Director Connie Fisk, Sheridan College, WY Curtis Youngs, Iowa State University David Jones Billye B Foster, Tennessee Tech North Carolina State University Chuck Francis, University of Nebraska Ag & Ext Education Ed Franklin, University of Arizona Campus Box 7607, Raleigh, NC 27695 Chad Gasser, Southern Utah University Ph 919.513.2187, Fax: 919.513.11169 Kevin Gibson, Purdue University Email:[email protected] Brad Greiman, University of Minnesota Western Region Director Gail Hansen, University of Florida Bill Hoch William Hoch, Montana State University Montana State University Mark Hubbard, College of the Ozarks 409 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 Steve Keeley, Kansas State University Ph: 406.994.5064, Fax: 406.994.1848 David Knauft, University of Georgia Email: [email protected] Mickey Latour, Southern Illinois University Harouna Maiga, University of MN - Crookston ©2015 Vol. 59, No. 2 • June 2015 NACTA Journal (ISSN 0149-4910) is published quarterly by the North American Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture (formerly the National Association of Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture). It is directed toward the scholarship of teaching and learning in agricultural, environmental, natural and life sciences by presenting articles covering topics that treat all aspects of teaching such as methods, problems, philosophy, and rewards at Contents the college level. All manuscripts undergo double-blind peer review. An author’s guide for manuscript preparation Explanatory Factors for Benefits and Reasons for is available on the NACTA web page: http://www. Undertaking Professional Development Activities nactateachers.org/ or are available upon request. Page by Senior Secondary School Agriculture Teachers in charges of $100.00 per manuscript are waived if one of Swaziland .......................................................................91 the authors is a NACTA member at the time of publication. Identifying Key Characteristics for Student Farm All manuscripts submitted to the NACTA Journal Successes through a National Delphi Study ..............96 are submitted and reviewed electronically. To submit Faculty Define the Role of Writing in the Social Sciences a manuscript to the NACTA Journal, go to this website: of Agriculture ...............................................................104 http://nacta.expressacademic.org/ Annual subscriptions ($USD): Library: $50.00; Collaborative Analysis and Revision of Learning Institutional Active (your institution is a member): $75.00 Objectives ....................................................................111 or $200 for three years; Active: $100.00 or $275 for three Understanding Students’ Experiences in Writing- years; Graduate Student: $25.00; Emeritus: $25.00; and Intensive Courses........................................................116 Institutions: $150.00 (4-year schools) and $100 (2-year schools). Lifetime members one payment of $750 or 4 Communication Technology Training Beyond the payments of $200. For questions about subscriptions University Campus: A Case Study of Skill Development contact the NACTA Secretary/Treasurer. in the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service ......122 The Journal is published electronically/online and Posting Horse Show Patterns Before Youth Show quarterly - March, June, September and December. Creates Positive Experience for Youth and Adults ..130 The issues for the current year are available to NACTA Student Perceptions of Animal Use in Society .........134 members at this website: http://www.nactateachers.org/ journal.html, a login and password obtained through Engaging Student Teachers in Designing Ecopedago- membership is required. gy Learning Modules for Bali’s Subak Cultural Land- Searchable past issues of the NACTA Journal are scape ............................................................................139 available to anyone at the same website – no login or A Case Study of Flow Theory in Pre-Service Under- password required. graduate Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Ed- A yearly hard copy of all four issues is printed in ucation Students .........................................................144 December. Permission is granted for making individual copies of Impact of a Study Abroad Course on Students from the contents of this issue if the NACTA Journal is fully cited 1862 and 1994 Land-Grant Institutions .....................149 as the source and full recognition is given to the authors. Teacher Immediacy and Professor/Student Rapport as The North American Colleges and Teachers of Predictors of Motivation and Engagement ...............155 Agriculture (NACTA) is not responsible for statements and NACTA Reprint .............................................................164 opinions published in the NACTA Journal. They represent the views of the authors or persons to whom they are Teaching Tips/Notes ....................................................168