Stanford Alumni', bronze tablet dedicated June, 1931, University of Hawaii: "India rubber tree planted by David Starr Jordan. Chancellor Emeritus. Leland Stanford Jr. University, December I I, 1922." Dr. Jordan recently celebrated his eightieth birthday. tnItnlinlintinitnItnItla 11:111C11/111/ 1/Oltial • • • • - !• • 4. ••• 4, a . ilmci, fittb _vittrfiri firtaga3utr . • CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD • Volume XLII Number 4 • CONTENTS FOR. OCTOBER, 1931 • . Art Section—Fisheries in the Pacific - - - - 302 • History of Zoological Explorations of the Pacific Coast - 317 • By Dr. David Starr Jordan • Science Over the Radio . An Introduction to Insects in Hawaii - - - - 321 By E. H. Bryan, Jr. Insect Pests of Sugar Cane in Hawaii - - - - 325 By O. H. Swezey Some Insect Pests of Pineapple Plants - - - 328 By Dr. Walter Carter Termites in Hawaii - - - - - - - 331 • By E. M. Ehrhorn . The Mediterranean Fruit Fly - - - - 333 41 By a C. McBride Combating Garden Insects in Hawaii - - - - 335 • By Merrill K. Riley i Some Aspects of Biological Control in Hawaii - - 339 . By D. T. Fullaway • • The Minerals of Oahu - - - - - - - 341 By Dr. Arthur S. Eakle . Tropical America's Agricultural Gifts - - - - 344 By 0. F. Cook t • Two Bird Importations Into the South Seas - - - 351 • By Inez Wheeler Westgate • Dairying in New Zealand - - - - - - 355 By Reivi Alley Oyer-Production eof Rice in Japan - - - - - 357 Tai-Kam Island Leper Colony of China - - - - 363 By A. C. Deckelman Journal of the•Pan-Pacific Research Institution, Vol. VI. No. 4 Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union, New Series, No. 140 CE Ile ItIth-liariftr flatuuninr Published monthly by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, 301 Pan-Pacific Building, Honolulu, T. H. Yearly sub- • scription in the United States and possessions, $3.00 in advance. Canada and Mexico, $3.25. For all foreign countries, $3.50. Single Copies, 25c. * Entered as second-class matter at the Honolulu Postoffice. Permission is given to reprint any article from the Mid-Pacific Magazine. , runcuuncyourrunumuntynuounrontinvynunuriunuounuTruncracmv_punviwNrominununum Printed by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. 302 THE MID-PACIFIC In ancient Siam and near-by countries the fish can live in warm and muddy water, and even in soft and squidgy mud of the rice fields. As long as rice is cultivated these fish can be found. THE MID-PACIFIC 303 fi O 0.1 fi a. 0 7, 4-, 0 of Y Q oyi ^C ,.. • fi O O T.■ fi O 304 THE MID-PACIFIC G. -Tt O 0 a. "et E": . -Z Gi O ;'■ C.. Tit CS ti THE MID-PACIFIC 305 In the Philippines big game fishing is a sport royal. A great sea bass weighing well up toward a hundred and fifty pounds is not an impossible catch for the fishermen. 306 THE MID-PACIFIC The sea yields for the Moro and the Malay not only food fish, but pearl-bearing oysters that are pulled up from their beds by anchor-like drags that throw the oyster into a trap prepared for his reception. / I / , ,i * ■., , 1 I / ' \ 4,.;;; 11111 1 "*.' 1 THE MID-PACIFIC : , **4 . 4 I :' , :- . ..,,,•.,,,,.. ..,.. ''' 'C , ''' 7'''''..-. ''''' '''''- ''''';--..-. -- # ## --- '' . ---t .'.--:' . -it:'*".1 , .....„ --11":::- jr vi,..,. .-.‘• --.f;, • #„, ,te;. 14. ''' ...?. 1 i, ,,,, • , .-_," _ ... i.7.*....:: , 07.00... 'OA.- •• ''''I ,..... ••'..4 ; ',., ..........7,, ' N...... • law ›t egiv _ lib -, ,s lb 1 '7 ` 7#„Itters4014 N.... ..„.„. , ...,"k ‘,... j .... ■■••%, ...,.., 1 , - 11 IV 307 308 THE MID-PACIFIC In Japan the catch of sea fish is variable, and various are the varieties of edible fish that come to the fisherman's basket. The Japanese fisherman seems to mind no kind of exposure, so that his catch is always plentiful. THE MID-PACIFIC 309 The Japanese are skillful in the fishing art, and can often aid the scientists with information gained by personal experience. Even the girls are keen observers of the habits of aquatic life. 310 THE MID-PACIFIC Nearly everything is fish that comes out of the waters in Japan. The dried squid there, as in Hawaii, is a delicacy relished by all. The fisherman is adept in spearing the young cuttlefish and detaching him from the reef to be put into the pot for boiling. THE MID-PACIFIC 311 312 THE MID-PACIFIC THE MID-PACIFIC 313 The Indian women of British Columbia a-e the food providers of the family and they tend their nets with skilful care and often draw up fish enough at a catch for the entire tribe. 314 THE MID-PACIFIC Y • O O C; 01 4 4 O 3. Oi 0 0 0 O Ca •-, r:4 o. 0 0 O THE MID-PACIFIC . 315 .Z4 O O 0 ti 0 O 0 0 -.0 0. ..zk Oa .0 0 •.a E 0 'Zuzt C a 0 C..) 0 0 0 0 O 1:1 0 O 0 _h 0 O O •n 316 THE MID-PACIFIC L O O O -4 O -CY 0 0 +2. V pi 4. • • O y 1:t-; 0 • 72 C; 0 O Ca 0 THE MID-PACIFIC 317 Dr. David Starr Jordan and Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, director of the California Academy of Sciences, visiting a Honolulu fish market. 4VrAA1V V ,TV V UM) A History of Zoological Explora- A tions of the Pacific Coast By DR. DAVID STARR JORDAN lFilYtarr•tstvlrnixlfro4Yi•IfrtKt nuat • V' ic *I • (An address before The California Zoo- names. These five species still stand, and logical Club, January 16, 1892, reprint- nothing new has since been added to our ed from Zoe (A Biological Journal), knowledge of the salmon of the coast. He Vol. III, No. 1, April, 1892, pp. 86-9o, also studied the trout and his conclusions in the April, 1931, issue of "California have proved in general correct. Indeed, Fish and Game." there has not since that time been a The first person associated with the stronger man on this coast, and every study of the fishes of The coast was the ichthyologist must do honor to the ability German naturalist, Steller, who was sent of a man who was able to follow out all by the Russian Government in 1731 to the complicated species of salmon and study the animals of Alaska. Notable trout, before the time of Linnaeus. among his discoveries was the great Walbaum, a compiler of natural his- arctic sea cow (Retina stelleri), a skele- tory, affixed scientific names to these sal- ton of which is now owned by the mon and trout in a work published in Academy of Sciences. He published an 1792, and his name is accordingly cited account of the salmon of Alaska, describ- as authority for the species which Steller ing five species in all, under Russian discovered and described. 318 THE MID -PACIFIC Another naturalist in the employment known from the Pacific coast of America, of the Russian Government, named and with the exception of two others Pallas, printed in 1811 an account of his found in Japan, form a unique group. explorations in the same country that Dr. Gibbons described all the species he Steller had visited, but his work was ap- knew, but at about the same time Prof. parently not very highly appreciated at Louis Agassiz received specimens which the time, for it was not distributed until he also described. Much difficulty and twenty years later. Pallas' trip across confusion has thus resulted in regard to Siberia was notable for the discovery of the priority of names, although in the ma- the mastodon in the ice. His work was jority of instances it has been determined carefully done, consisting largely in au- that Agassiz had priority of date. Agassiz thenticating by repetition the work of also published the first description of Steller, although he also discovered many many species of fish from Washington new species in Alaska. and Oregon, although he never visited The above period may be considered as the coast himself. constituting the prehistoric epoch in the Dr. Charles Girard, who was connected history of Pacific coast explorations. In with the Smithsonian Institution, also de- the second stage may be mentioned the scribed a number of the viviparous fish, work of Gairdner and Kittlitz. About the which served to increase still further the year 1830, Dr. Gairdner, a physician liv- difficulty of establishing priority of names. ing in Astoria, collected many fish, espe- Allusion was next made to the work of cially salmon and trout, which he sent to Dr. J. G. Cooper, who was present at Sir John Richardson to be described in the meeting. Dr. Cooper began work his classic, Fauna Boreali Americana. At in 1856, on the fishes collected on the Geo- about the same time an unknown German logical Survey, mostly from the southern named Kittlitz recorded a single new part of the State, and much of the early species of fish. investigations in that region were due to In 1849 the modern history of Califor- him. He described, among other things, nia began, and with the host of emigrants the most vicious of the sting rays from that flocked to the Pacific coast came a the harbor of San Diego, naming it after number of men interested in natural his- a young boy who had the honor of being tory. In the year 1852 a number of the first person known to be stung by it. papers appeared on science, the most ex- The Pacific Railroad survey was tensive and spirited writing being done finished early in the fifties, and the fishes by Dr. W. 0. Ayres. His papers, as Were described by Dr. Charles Girard, a was customary at the time, were first pre- pupil of Agassiz. Despite his unusually sented to the California Academy of good facilities in the way of specimens Sciences, appearing on the following and books, he *did no really good work.