Improved crop–livestock system for enhanced food security and income generation in West Africa H.A. Ajeigbe, T. Abdoulaye, and D. Chikoye www.iita.org Final project report Gatsby improved crop livestock project (Project no. GAT2833) Improved crop livestock system for enhanced food security and income generation in West Africa H.A. Ajeigbe, T. Abdoulaye, and D. Chikoye International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) PMB 5320, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria June 2010 i © International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 2010 Ibadan, Nigeria To Headquarters from outside Nigeria: IITA, Carolyn House 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, UK Within Nigeria: PMB 5320, Oyo Road Ibadan, Oyo State ISBN 978-978-50004-3-6 Printed in Nigeria by IITA Correct citation: H.A. Ajeigbe, T. Abdoulaye, and D. Chikoye. Final project report Gatsby improved crop–livestock project (Project no. GAT2833) Improved crop– livestock system for enhanced food security and income generation in West Africa International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. 50 pp. Cover photo: Dry season cowpea field day, Radi, Niger. ii iii Contents Acronyms and abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................... vi Executive summary .........................................................................................................................................vii 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................1 Background ......................................................................................................................................................1 Objectives .........................................................................................................................................................2 Activities ...........................................................................................................................................................3 Expected output ...............................................................................................................................................4 2. Study area and technology promoted .............................................................................................................. 5 Study area ........................................................................................................................................................5 Technology promoted .......................................................................................................................................5 3. Results .............................................................................................................................................................5 Typology of farmers ..........................................................................................................................................5 Building a consortium of partners ..................................................................................................................... 6 Selection of local governments, communities, and farmers ............................................................................. 7 Input procurement and distribution ................................................................................................................... 7 On-farm demonstration ....................................................................................................................................8 Maize–double cowpea strip cropping in the northern Guinea savanna ............................................................ 9 Cereals (sorghum, millet, and maize)–cowpea strip cropping in the Sudan savanna .................................... 11 Cereals (sorghum and millet)–cowpea strip cropping in the Sahel ................................................................ 12 On-farm evaluation of selected cowpea varieties ........................................................................................... 12 Evaluation of improved cowpea varieties in the northern Guinea savanna .................................................... 12 On-farm cowpea varietal evaluation in the Sudan savanna ........................................................................... 14 On-farm cowpea varietal evaluation in the Sahel savanna ............................................................................ 15 Dry season stall feeding of small ruminants ................................................................................................... 16 On-station evaluation and trials ...................................................................................................................... 17 Screening new insecticide formulations and their combinations for cowpea production ................................ 17 Evaluation of different rates of fertilizer and manure and their combination for the sorghum–cowpea strip cropping system ..................................................................................................18 Physicochemical properties of seeds of selected improved varieties of cowpea as they relate to the industrial utilization of the crop ......................................................................................19 Effect of feeding crop residues of different cereals and legumes on the weight gain of livestock .................. 21 Seed multiplication .........................................................................................................................................22 Training ...........................................................................................................................................................24 Farmers’ field days .........................................................................................................................................26 Registration of farmers’ groups and linkages to financial institutions ............................................................. 28 Linkages with processors and input dealers .................................................................................................. 29 Seed certification and construction of seed storage stores ............................................................................ 30 Survey of productivity enhancing practices used by farmers ......................................................................... 30 Assessment of the returns to investment ....................................................................................................... 31 Valuation of benefit and cost .......................................................................................................................... 32 Cost and benefit estimation ............................................................................................................................32 Estimating the net present value (NPV) ......................................................................................................... 33 Adoption level and discount rate-based scenarios ......................................................................................... 36 Project publications ........................................................................................................................................37 End of project stakeholder meeting ................................................................................................................ 40 4. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................41 5. References .....................................................................................................................................................42 Tables Table 1. Land and livestock holdings of farmers in Gatsby crop–livestock project sites in Nigeria and Niger Republic. .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Table 2. LGAs, communities, farmers and extension agents in direct contact with the Gatsby crop–livestock project in Nigeria........................................................................................................................... 6 ii iii Table 3. Total number of departements, communities, farmers, and trained extension agents with direct access to the Gatsby crop–livestock project in Niger Republic........................................................... 6 Table 4. Total quantity of inputs provided to Gatsby farmers in 2006 and 2007 in Nigeria and Niger Republic. .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Table 5. Total quantity of fertilizer (t) provided by Government at subsidized prices. ................................................ 8 Table 6. Crop productivity (kg ha–1) and income (N) from maize–double cowpea strip cropping in 2006 in Kaduna State, Nigeria.......................................................................................................................... 9 Table 7. Crop productivity