THE HERITAGE OF INDIA Th e e . a Ri gh t R ve re nd V . S Az ari h , B ishop o f Dor na k al . J . a u M . A D . Li t . N F r q h ar , t A lrea dy pu blished. Th e H o f B u ddh m K A N D ER S M .A . eart is . J . U S , RE o M . M P M . A M D . V . A As ka J C HAIL , . , . India n PRIN IP A L R B R lcu tt C W Ca a . Painting . PE CY O N , K s L u . RE . E . B .A . V . anare e it erat re P RICE , T e S m m . B EI H h a h S . RR K T k ya yste A E IEDALE , D .Litt . N L M A . D . Litt . m o a S . I O f M h i C M . Psal s ar t aints ACNICOL , , L u d M . A . H o o f H . RE V . E . K A ist ry in i it erat re F EAY , H m o f t e T m S K B R a nd y ns h a il Saivite aints . INGS U Y PHI LL IP S . ' a nd v lu m Su bj ects proposed o es u n der prefi a ra tzo n . K T AND LI LITERA SANS RI PA TURE . f h e d . o f M O H m s o m t V . fo y n r e as Pr A A ACDONELL , x rd . lo o f M h a a L o o f . L . Anth gy a y na iterat u re . Pr DE LA VALLE POU IN Gh . SS , ent o f o m the n d WE ERN U . S T M . A electi ns r pa isa s F J S , . , Delhi . S cenes fro m th e Ramayana . Selectio ns f rom th e Mah ab h arat a . I THE PHILOSOPH ES . I o du o n t o d u h o o h H . N AR R An nt r cti in P il s p y J . F QUHA , K a nd OHN MC EN Z IE M . A . Bo m J b . , , ay T o o f h d h e Ph ilo s phy t e Upanisa s . ’ V da . K . S RM S M .A ankara s e nt a A HA A , Patiala ’ d Raman u j a s Ve ant a . Th e B u ddh ist Syst em . FINE ARTflA ND MUSI C . W I d n h u . L . E IN G B . A M d n ia Arc itect re R , . , a ras , nd S u u I ian c lpt re , Th e M o . l R RO N n B W . i r Arts Principa PE CY , Calc u tt a I d o . BROWN M .A . n ian C ins . C J , BIOG HIES O EMINENT IND N RAP F I A S . A o o . u m B ddh SA N D ER . G K . u . U M a t a a a J S , , Rang n R a m a n u j a . K A l M . u b . V . S . Ak ar F LAC , , C a c tt a Tulsi Das . R i dr n o . T HO P ON u . M . A . B k a b n a a th T E . M ag re J S , , an ra VERNACULAR LI TERATURE . T u l E Y B A o h e K rra . H . POP L . E d . A , , r e M . H P . d s . m o a . S . OO ER A M H f th e M . y ns Alv rs J , , a ra D . D u A M . A . T i as M u G . NN ls in iniat re J , , Patna H m s o f B a e . E . THO M ON A . u . S . P M . B y n eng li ing rs J S , , ank ra m B T L M B a o . K H s . U ER anarese y n ISS , ang l re HISTO I ES O VE N UL LITE TU E R F R AC AR RA R . M . A . u . B a . S A R eng li C P TE SON , , Calc tta M A . hm d . G a . H . BO YD d u . a b jar ti R , , A a a A o M a i N M M . D . Lit t . o . h . A ar t ICOL CNICOL , , , P na T m l . R K G B R B . A . B o . a i F ANCIS IN S U Y , , ang al re C HE N CH A H a nd A T u . u . I M .A . M d s J el g P , , a ra , RA BHUJ AN GA A E lo e . R O , l r m . T . a d u M a m . T . K . JO EP H B . A . L . T alay la S , , riv n r Sinh ales e . M . h o U d u B . G HOSHAL . A B . r . , , pal NOTABL E INDIAN PEOPL ES . T h e Rajpu t s . M M L LA l . T h h s s . K . AMM A P I I e Syrian C ri tian C EN , A leppey T h e Sikhs . VARI OUS . A Ph . D . RO N W M . d o T s . N RM B Mo ern F lk ale W O AN , , , Ph iladelph ia . I ndian Village Go vernment . o m o o . M R . N . M I d . S A P o ems b y n ian W en CNICOL , P na Cla ss i cal Sanskrit Literatu re . B . A . u . T m e L d . K . T . A In dian e pl egen s P UL , , Calc tt a o DEWAN BA A R L . D . I ndian Astro n omy a nd Ch ro n lo gy . H DU WA I K AN N M d s . S M U PILLAI , a ra EDITORIAL PREFACE n b h ‘ o a re Fi ally , ret ren , whats ever things u h o h a re h o o u b wh o tr e , w ats ever t ings n ra le , at s e h a re u o h s a re u ev r t ings j st , what s ever t ing p re , wh o h s re o l h o ats ever t ing a l ve y , w ats ever things o d a n u a nd a re f go o repo rt ; if there b e y virt e , ” if h b e i h o n h h . t ere any pra se , t ink t ese t ings No section of the po pulation of India can afford to In neglect her ancient heritage . her literature , philosophy , art , and regulated life there is much that is worthless , much also that is distinctly unhealthy ; yet the treasures of knowledge , wisdom , and beauty which they contain are too I use precious to be lost . Every citizen of ndi a needs to I . them , if he is to be a cultured modern ndian This is as C n Z he true of the hristia , the Muslim , the oroastrian as of t ‘ But hile I Hindu . , w the heritage of ndia has been largely explored by scholars , and the results of their toil are laid o out for us in their books , they cannot be said t be really Th available for the ordinary man . e volumes are in most cases expensive , and are often technical and difficult . Hence this series of cheap books has been planned by a C group of hristian men , in order that every educated I his ndian , whether rich or poor , may be able to find way I ’ n into the treasures of ndia s past . Ma y Europeans , both I in ndia and elsewhere , will doubtless be glad to use the series . The utmost care is being taken by the ' General Editors in selecting writers , and in passing manuscripts for the press . To every book two tests are rigidly applied "every thing must be scholarly , and everything must be sympathetic . The purpose is to bring the best out of the ancient so ma . treasuries , that it y be known , enjoyed , and used THE HERITAGE OF lNDl A “ ‘NH I . N O tl l THE KA RMA - MINI D K D AL ITH . L D. L . A . BERRIE E E , C ITT r- - R of th e I n ner Temple Ba rri s te a t La w, egi us Prof ess or o f Sa ns k ri t a nd Co mpa ra tive Philo logy at th e Uni vers ity of Edi n b urgh ) A R OF AMK M UTHO THE S HYA SYSTE , ETC . ASSO C IAT ION PRESS 5 USSELL ST EET L U , R R , CA C TTA LOND ON "O"FORD UNI VERSITY PRESS NEW YORK T ORONT O M LBO , , E URNE, BOM BAY, CALCUTTA AND M ADRAS 1921 CONTENTS PAGE PREF ACE T HE D P M A LI R R H R OF I . EVELO ENT ND TE A Y ISTO Y THE KARMA -Mi mAMSA — ' O o f th e m Th e Mimarns a Sii tra .