“Pouring Jewish Water into Fascist Wine” Studies in the History of Christian Traditions General Editor Robert J. Bast Knoxville, Tennessee In cooperation with Henry Chadwick, Cambridge Paul C.H. Lim, Nashville, Tennessee Eric Saak, Liverpool Brian Tierney, Ithaca, New York Arjo Vanderjagt, Groningen John Van Engen, Notre Dame, Indiana Founding Editor Heiko A. Oberman † VOLUME 157 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/shct “Pouring Jewish Water into Fascist Wine” Untold Stories of (Catholic) Jews from the Archive of Mussolini’s Jesuit Pietro Tacchi Venturi by Robert Aleksander Maryks LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Cover illustration: L’antigrazioso (1912) by Umberto Boccioni (1882–1916). Private Collection. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Maryks, Robert A. “Pouring Jewish water into fascist wine” : untold stories of (Catholic) Jews from the archive of Mussolini’s Jesuit Pietro Tacchi Venturi / by Robert Aleksander Maryks. p. cm. — (Studies in the history of Christian traditions ; 157) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-21670-9 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Jews—Legal status, laws, etc.—Italy— History—20th century. 2. Christian converts from Judaism—Legal status, laws, etc.—Italy— History—20th century. 3. Jews—Italy—History—20th century. 4. Race discrimination—Law and legislation—Italy—History—20th century. 5. Italy—Ethnic relations—History—20th century. 6. Italy—Politics and government—1922–1945. I. Tacchi Venturi, Pietro, 1861–1956. II. Title. III. Title: Untold Stories of (Catholic) Jews from the Archive of Mussolini’s Jesuit Pietro Tacchi Venturi. IV. Series. DS135.I8M37 2011 305.892’404509041—dc23 2011036377 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.nl/brill-typeface. ISSN 1573-5664 ISBN 978 90 04 21670 9 Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhofff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. For Antonio CONTENTS Acknowledgments ........................................................................................... ix List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................... xi List of Illustrations ........................................................................................... xiii Map of Italy in 1938 ......................................................................................... xv Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 PRIMARY SOURCES 1. Allatini Giulia ....................................................................................... 45 2. Berger Eugenio ..................................................................................... 49 3. Campagnano Angelo .......................................................................... 56 4. Cava Umberto ...................................................................................... 58 5. Cavalieri Ferdinando .......................................................................... 61 6. Della Rocca Mario ............................................................................... 67 7. Donati Antigono and Giacomo ....................................................... 71 8. Fanno Marco ........................................................................................ 81 9. Finzi Giulio ........................................................................................... 88 10. Foa Raimondo ...................................................................................... 90 11. Forti Alberto ......................................................................................... 103 12. Forti(s) Gino ......................................................................................... 106 13. Gallico Isacco Ernesto ........................................................................ 109 14. Giordana (Cohen) Giordano ............................................................ 114 15. Guetta Elio ............................................................................................ 118 16. Hirsch Giuseppe .................................................................................. 122 17. Iona Ippolito ......................................................................................... 126 18. Israeli Paolo .......................................................................................... 129 19. Lattes Bruno (Abramo) ...................................................................... 132 20. Levi Mario Emanuele ......................................................................... 135 21. Liuzzi Gabriella .................................................................................... 140 22. Lombroso Enrico ................................................................................. 143 23. Lumbroso Besso Lia ............................................................................ 147 24. Melli Ida Tiziana .................................................................................. 152 25. Melli Roberto ........................................................................................ 158 26. Migliau De Benedetti Bellina ........................................................... 163 viii contents 27. Milla Angelo .......................................................................................... 165 28. Milla Edoardo ....................................................................................... 167 29. Modena Marcello ................................................................................ 172 30. Orvieto Angiolo ................................................................................... 177 31. Ottolenghi Carlo .................................................................................. 188 32. Paggi Mario ........................................................................................... 199 33. Parasol Feliks Ryszard ........................................................................ 210 34. Pereyra de Leon Giorgio .................................................................... 214 35. Prister Renzo ........................................................................................ 217 36. Salmon Massimo ................................................................................. 221 37. Scazzocchio Graziano ........................................................................ 224 38. Seppilli Giuseppe ................................................................................ 228 39. Sinigaglia Giorgio ................................................................................ 232 40. Sonino Guido ........................................................................................ 236 41. Sonnino Flavio ..................................................................................... 243 42. Uzielli Paolo .......................................................................................... 247 43. Zacutti Giulia ........................................................................................ 250 44. Zacutti Tullio ........................................................................................ 255 Appendix One ................................................................................................... 259 Appendix Two .................................................................................................. 274 Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 373 Index .................................................................................................................... 377 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I express my particular gratitude to those colleagues who have gener- ously assisted me with their insightful comments and suggestions in the process of writing the present book. These include Pamela Berger, James Bernauer, Raymond Cohen, Jordi Getman-Eraso, Silvia Guetta, Marion Kaplan, David Kertzer, Michele Sarfatti, Jean-Pierre Sonet, Kevin Spicer, and Alessandro Visani. I also thank very much the relatives of the protago- nists of this book, who provided me with precious information regarding their families, especially Erica Briani Pereyra de Leon, Sergio DellaPer- gola, Roberto Guetta, Edoardo Gallico, Orsa Lumbroso, Simonetta Pereyra de Leon, and Stefano Zacutti. I am no less grateful to Fulvia Margheritta, who generously proofed my transcription of the Italian texts; and to Emil Przepiórski, who graciously assisted me in fijinding the cover illustration and who even made some illustrations contained in the present book and commented on various parts of the text. I owe much