https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ COVID- 19 INTERVENTIONS IN KIBERA Updated 06/10/2020 FAITH TAYLOR, MARK PELLING, MAUD BORIE, BRUCE MALAMUD, JOHN DRUMMOND (KCL) JOSEPH MULLIGAN, VERA BUKACHI, AMOS WANDERA, MANSHUR TALIB (KDI) KEY FINDINGS & IMPLICATIONS • We have collected data on 270 Covid-19 (CV19) interventions in Kibera • The spatial distribution of CV19 interventions in Kibera is uneven https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ • Some already underserved neighbourhoods in Kibera have less access to CV19 relief than higher-income and more accessible areas • Coordination amongst actors for equitable spatial distribution of services and support can improve outcomes for residents • 9 minute round trip to/from dedicated hand washing stations for 80% of residents (longer for other 20%) –possibly minimal impacts on transmission. Improvement in these services still underlines inadequacy of public health infrastructure in general. • Major open spaces (e.g. Olympic, Undugu grounds, School playgrounds) serve as key distribution points at the far boundaries of the settlement – Kibera needs more and better distributed open spaces to build resilience on multiple levels (including to future pandemics) • NGOs and CBOs doing the bulk of interventions (according to the data). Improved collaboration between government and civil society building on efforts and good will can enhance reach and improve social contract. • Locations for distribution of sanitary products and baby supplies are few and not easily accessible. NGOs and Government should improve access and distribution for equitable gender support. • Informal settlements historically seen as ‘hotspots’ for disease. 39% of the response has been locally lead – Kibera has been part of the solution. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Click on a section to be taken to the page: https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ 1. Background 3. Results: Maps 1. The project 1. Spatial distribution 2. The survey 2. Count of activities per village 3. Definitions 3. Type of intervention 4. Kibera setting 4. Lead organiser 5. Kibera Covid-19 response in numbers 5. Hotspots 2. Results: Statistics 6. Cold spots 7. Travel time 1. Sector of lead organiser 2. Target group 4. Results: Storyspheres 3. Intervention type 1. Purpose 4. Who is doing what 2. Storyspheres 5. Start date 5. Resources & Conclusions 3 1.1 THE PROJECT Aim: to inventory the distribution & characteristics of Covid-19 response https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ activities (‘interventions’) and support planning of further interventions • King’s College London + Kounkuey Design Initiative collaboration, 13th Apr – 31st Jul 20 • Inventory of Covid-19 related interventions (e.g., handwashing) in Kibera • Developed generally applicable, detailed survey (location, type, users, etc.) • Survey deployed contactlessly via: – Social media – Phone enumeration through KDI social network – Secondary data from MapKibera Covid-19 Tracker • Survey online at https://tinyurl.com/comorf-survey • 270 survey records (each is an individual Covid-19 related intervention in Kibera ) • Map supplemented with immersive ‘Storyspheres’ 360º photos narrated by Kibera residents to add further context 4 1.2 THE SURVEY https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ • Sector of organizer • Target beneficiaries (e.g., vulnerable people, businesses etc.) • Type of activity (e.g., information, hand washing, resources) • Location of intervention • Time: start/end date, opening hours • Number of users Each of the above has multiple questions with fixed categories of answer. 5 1.3 DEFINITIONS Term Definition https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ Intervention Any activity established to mitigate the impact of Covid-19 in Kibera (in the broadest sense). This could be direct, formal interventions (e.g., building a handwashing station) or indirect, informal (often smaller) interventions (e.g., giving free meals to families) Beneficiary The individual or group of people that the intervention is specifically targeted at Covid-19 Demographic groups and groups with specific conditions that may make them more likely to become Vulnerable seriously ill or die from Covid-19. Our understanding of what characteristics determine the severity of Covid-19 infection is still evolving. At the time of doing this work (Apr-Jul 2020), those deemed to be at greater risk were: elderly (>60 years), those with co-morbidities (e.g., cardiovascular, diabetes, underlying health conditions) and those with conditions affecting their immune system (WHO, 2020). Socially As defined by the WHO (n/d) People that may be unable to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from Vulnerable a disaster. This includes but is not limited to: children, pregnant women, malnourished, living in poverty, homeless, displaced and living in poor housing. Small scale Organisers that have a local reach and membership. For our work this includes: Well-wishers, Nyumba organisations Kumi groups, Local Leaders/Chiefs, Community Based Organisations (CBOs), and Faith-based organisations (FBOs). WHO (n/d) https://www.who.int/environmental_health_emergencies/vulnerable_groups/en/ WHO (2020) https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/covid-19/information/high-risk-groups 6 1.4 THE SETTING Kibera, Nairobi (Kenya) https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ • ~300,000 people in 2 2.25km (UNHabitat, 2006) • Less than 1 toilet building per 1450 people, 1 water point per 750 people (MapKibera, 2020) • Shocks & stresses: flooding, fire, Cholera, solid waste management, violence (Mitra et al., 2017) 7 1.5 KIBERA RESPONSE TO COVID IN NUMBERS Based on a survey deployed by KDI & KCL April – July 2020: https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ 270 88+ 58 37 activities organisers activity types types of target group 1 39% 98 >4.5 (or more) new activities led by handwashing Minutes travel activity each day local/small stations mapped time to nearest May-Jun 2020 organisations handwashing station for 20% of residents 8 https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ 1.5 OBSERVATIONS… Based on a survey deployed by KDI & KCL April – July 2020: https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ 2% 9 - 34 55/270 19/? interventions Minutes round interventions Interventions explicitly targeted at trip for PPE for physically located targeted at individuals outside Kibera vulnerable to Covid-19 businesses 20% of Kiberans villages 2% 55% ?/98 70% interventions coordination functional residents walking involving activities lead by handwashing 7-27 minutes for monetary CBOs stations PPE distribution transfers 10 https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ 2. RESULTS: COVID-19 ACTIVITY STATISTICS 11 2.1 RESULTS: SECTOR OF LEAD ORGANISER What sector does the lead organiser of the activity belong to? 270 responses sorted into broad groups: https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ Faith Based Organisation Individuals/Well Wishers NGO Other (e.g., Kenyan) Chief Nyu mba Community Based Organisation Local Leader Kumi Private Corpo NGO International NGO Kibera Nat.Gov County Gov Business Medical ration 12 2.1 RESULTS: SECTOR OF LEAD ORGANISER What sector does the lead organiser of the activity belong to? 270 responses sorted into broad groups: Kibera Covid-19 response is strongly locally led: https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ • 39% of activities are led by small scale, local organisers (CBOs, FBOs, Individuals, Chiefs/local leaders, Nyumba Kumi) • 56% of activities led by NGOs (of which 14% of Faith Based Organisation NGOs are Kibera specific). • Does not factor in efficacy of activity • Uneven access to certain organisers (e.g., faith based organisations)? Individuals/Well Wishers NGO Other (e.g., Kenyan) Chief Nyu mba Community Based Organisation Local Leader Kumi Private Corpo NGO International NGO Kibera Nat.Gov County Gov Business Medical ration 13 Structure owners Employees Community Group Drivers Commuters CFK beneficiaries Local Leaders Med. Prof. Teachers Informal workers Nyumba Kumi CHV 2.2 RESULTS: Faith Group Unwell Disabled Professional Group TARGET GROUP Elderly Business Group Women Specific Group Responses to the survey question: Children Medically Vulnerable https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ Who is the intervention aimed at? 270 Girls responses detailing 317 target groups Mothers (an activity can have multiple target Survivors of GBV groups) sorted into 7 broad categories Youth Socially Vulnerable and 37 sub-categories: Child Headed Household Vulerable Families Kambi Muru Kichinjio Kisumu Ndogo Mashimoni Soweto E. Raila Any Kibera residents Soweto West Kianda Laini Saba Village Residents Lindi Gatwekera Makina Silanga 15 Structure owners Employees Community Group Drivers Commuters CFK beneficiaries Local Leaders Med. Prof. Teachers Informal workers Nyumba Kumi CHV 2.2 RESULTS: Faith Group Unwell Disabled Professional Group TARGET GROUP Elderly Business Group Women Specific Group Responses to the survey question: Children Medically Vulnerable https://emorfmaps.wordpress.com/ Who is the intervention aimed at? 270 Girls responses detailing 317 target groups Mothers (an activity can have multiple target Survivors of GBV groups) sorted into 7 broad categories Youth Socially Vulnerable Mostand activities37 sub-categories: have a broad target (anyone = 62%). Child Headed Household Most of Kibera could be considered socially vulnerable to Covid-19 due to poor housing. Vulerable Families Kambi Muru Kichinjio Very few activities targeted at business groupsKisumu (2%) Ndogo but Covid-19 having large impact on livelihoods.Mashimoni Soweto E. Raila Any Kibera residents Soweto West Kianda Laini Saba Some target groups require