Test Yourself (Quiz 1) 1. Explain the significance of the ABC computer. 2. Explain the main features of Agile including scrum and sprints. 3. Explain the significance of the Apple Macintosh. What are Apple’s key innovations? 4. Describe Gene Amdahl’s contributions to IBM and the Amdahl Corporation. 5. Describe the components of the Analytic Engine, and explain their function. 6. Explain why Lady Ada Lovelace is considered the world’s first programmer. 7. Discuss the significance of the Difference Engine. 8. Describe the Turing test. Is it an appropriate test of machine intelligence? 9. Describe Searle’s Chinese room thought experiment, and discuss whether it is an effective rebuttal of machine intelligence. 10. Discuss the significance of Atari in the history of computing. 11. Explain binary numbers and their importance in the computing field. 12. Explain why Shannon’s Master’s thesis is a key milestone in computing. 13. Describe how Boolean logic may be employed in the design of digital circuits. 14. Explain the importance of Boole’s equation x2 = x as a fundamental law of thought. 15. Discuss the similarities and differences between C and C++. 16. Explain cloud computing and distributed computing. 17. What is the CMMI? 18. Explain why Watt Humphrey is known as the father of software quality. 19. Describe Flower’s work on the Colossus computer at Bletchley Park and how the machine was used to crack the Lorenz codes. 20. Describe Grace Murray Hopper’s contribution to the COBOL programming language. 21. What is a compiler? Explain the various parts of a compiler. 22. What is a database? Explain the difference between a hierarchical, network, and relational database. 23. What is a relational database? What is an Oracle database? © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 281 G. O’Regan, The Innovation in Computing Companion, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02619-6 Test Yourself (Quiz 2) 1. Explain the significance of DEC’s PDP-11 and VAX 11/780 minicomputers. 2. Explain the significance of the ENIAC and EDVAC computers. 3. Explain how Weizenbaum became a leading critic of AI, and explain his views on the ethics of AI. 4. Explain how electronic mail was invented. 5. Describe the business models employed in e-commerce. 6. What are formal methods and when should they be used? 7. What is GPS? Describe its applications. 8. What is a GUI? 9. Describe the Harvard Mark 1 and explain its significance. 10. Describe how Hollerith’s tabulating machine led to the birth of IBM. 11. What is an integrated circuit and explain its significance? 12. Explain the significance of Moore’s law. 13. What is the Internet and describe its history 14. What is the Iridium system? Why was the original system a commercial failure? 15. Discuss the importance of the Java programming language. 16. Describe Cerf’s contributions to TCP/IP. 17. Explain the significance of LEO computers in the history of computing. 18. What is a microprocessor? 19. Explain why Gary Kildall has been described as the man who could have been Bill Gates. 20. Explain the significance of the Manchester “Baby” computer in the history of computing. 21. What is a mobile phone? Describe the history of the mobile phone. 22. What is a computer mouse? Describe its public demonstration at the “mother of all demos” in 1968. 23. Compare and contrast the achievements of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 283 G. O’Regan, The Innovation in Computing Companion, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02619-6 Test Yourself (Quiz 3) 1. What is a MP3 player? 2. What is MS/DOS? Describe the controversy with respect to the operating sys- tem for the original IBM PC. 3. Describe the main programs in Microsoft Office. 4. What is open-source software? 5. Explain the main parts of object-oriented development. 6. Explain the significance of home and personal computers. 7. Explain the significance of Don Estridge in the history of computing. 8. What errors did IBM make in the introduction of the IBM PC? 9. Describe Asimov’s Laws of Robotics. 10. What is a smartphone? 11. Describe Fagan inspections. How effective are they in building quality into the software? 12. Describe the main software life cycles. 13. What is the significance of the IBM System/360 in the history of computing? 14. What is a transistor? Discuss Shockley’s contributions to the computing field. 15. What is UNIX? 16. Describe the components of the von Neumann architecture, and explain each component. 17. Explain how Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web at CERN. 18. What is Wikipedia and how does it differ from a standard encyclopedia. 19. What is the World Wide Web? 20. What is Wi-Fi? 21. Discuss the significance of Zuse’s Z3 and Z4 computers. 22. Describe the Plankalkül language, and explain why it took over 50 years for a Plankalkül program to be run. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 285 G. O’Regan, The Innovation in Computing Companion, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02619-6 Glossary ABC Atanasoff-Berry computer ACM Association for Computing Machinery ACS Advanced Computer Systems ADEC Aiken Dahlgren electronic calculator AI Artificial intelligence AMD Advanced Micro Devices AMP Advanced Multimedia Product AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System ANS Advanced Network Services ANSI American National Standards Institute ARC Augmentation Research Center ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency ASCC Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph Company ATM Automated teller machine ATMC ATM controller AXE Automatic Exchange Electric B2B Business to business B2C Business to consumer BASIC Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BCPL Basic Combined Programming Language BDS BeiDou Navigation Satellite System BIOS Basic input/output system BBN Bolt, Beranek, and Newman BTC Bitcoin C64 Commodore 64 CBA IPI CMM-based appraisal internal process Improvement CCD Charge-coupled device CCTV Closed-circuit television © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 287 G. O’Regan, The Innovation in Computing Companion, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02619-6 288 Glossary CD Compact disk CDC Control Data Corporation CDMA Code-division multiple access CEO Chief executive officer CERN Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucleaire CERT Computer emergency response team CICS Customer Information Control System CMM® Capability Maturity Model CMMI® Capability Maturity Model Integration CMU Carnegie Mellon University COBOL Common Business-Oriented Language CODASYL Conference/Committee on Data Systems Languages CP/M Control Program for Microcomputers CPU Central processing unit CTR Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company DACS De La Rue Automated Cash System DARPA Defense Advanced Research Project Agency DB Database DBA Database administrator DBMS Database management system DCS Digital camera system DDL Data definition language DEC Digital Equipment Corporation DL Data language DML Data manipulation language DNS Domain Name System DoD Department of Defence DOS Disk operating system DRI Digital Research Incorporated DSDM Dynamic systems development method DSP Digital signal processing DVD Digital versatile disk EDSAC Electronic delay storage automatic calculator E DVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer EMCC Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute EULA End-user license agreement FDMA Frequency division multiple access FSF Free Software Foundation FTP File Transfer Protocol FOSS Free and open-source software GB Gigabyte GECOS General Electric Comprehensive Operating System Glossary 289 GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System (Russia) GM General Motors GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System (Europe) GNU GNU’s Not Unix GPL General Public License GPRS General Packet Radio Services GPS Global Positioning System GSM Global System for Mobile Communication GUI Graphical user interface HCI Human-computer interaction HOLWG Higher-Order Language Working Group HMD Head-mounted display HP Hewlett-Packard HTML Hypertext Markup Language HTTP Hypertext Transport Protocol IaaS Infrastructure as a Service IBM International Business Machines IC Integrated circuit ICL International Computers Ltd. IDMS Integrated Database Management System IDS Integrated Data Store IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IMAP Internet Message Application Protocol IMP Interface Message Processor IMS Information management system iOS iPhone operating system IP Internet Protocol IPO Initial public offering ISO International Standards Organization JAD Joint Application Development JCP Java Community Process JDK Java Development Kit JIT Just-in-time JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group JVM Java virtual machine KLOC Thousand Lines of Code LAN Local area network LCD Liquid-crystal display LED Light-emitting diode LEO Lyons Electronic Office LSI Large-scale integration MADC Manchester Automatic Digital Computer MEO Medium Earth orbit MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface 290 Glossary MIPS Million instructions per second MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MITS Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry System MP Megapixel MPEG Movie Picture Experts Group MS/DOS Microsoft Disk Operating System MSI Medium-scale integration MTX Mobile telephone exchange NAP Network Access Point NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NBS National Bureau of Standards NCP Network Control Protocol NCR National Cash Register NLS oN-Line System