Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00794-9 - Enoch Powell and the Making of Postcolonial Britain Camilla Schofield Index More information Index Adams, Grantley, 156 Argentinian War, see Falklands War Africa, 47–48 , 93 , 258 , 275 , see also Algeria ; Armitage, Sir Robert, 123 Egypt ; Ghana ; Kenya ; Nyasaland ; assimilation, see integration Rhodesia ; South Africa ; Tanzania ; Attlee, Clement, 79 , 113 Uganda ; Zambia ; Zimbabwe Auchinleck, General Claude, 55 , 62 , 63 , decolonization, 79 , 81 , 83 , 85 , 88 , 64 , 65 , 312 99 , 105–114 , 121–138 , 144 , Australia, 23, 29–40 , 73 , 74 , 91 , 131 , 147 , 149 , 241 , 296 156 , 162 , 184 , 277 , 285 race politics, 7 , 15 , 21 , 24 , 32 , 86 , 92 , immigration policy, 321–323 104–105 , 121–138 , 141–144 , race politics, 33 , 315 , 317 150 , 151–155 , 185 , 186 , 191 , 193–205 , 212 , 215 , 227 , 273 , 287 , Baldwin, Stanley, 38 315 , 317 , 323 Banda, Hastings, 123 , 136 African- American cultural politics, 120 , Barber, Anthony, 238 121 , 193 , 249 , 264 , 272 , 317 , 325 Bell, Ronald, 212 , 232 and Enoch Powell, 199 , 219 , 278 Benn, Tony, 126 , 222 , 284–286 Algeria, 31 , 49 , 50 , 55 , 73 , 74 , 84 Bermuda Conference, 112 Algerian Revolution, 79 , 144 , Berton, Pierre, 154–155 202 , 278 Bevan, Aneurin, 135 Ali, Tariq, 270 , 277 , 283 Bevin, Ernest, 81 Alport, Cuthbert ‘Cub’, Baron Alport, 41 biography, 14 , 78 America, see United States and Enoch Powell, 9–13 , 28–29 , 130 Amery, Julian, 105 , 169 Birch, Nigel, 115 , 126 Amery, Leo, 62 , 100 Birmingham, University of, 25 , anarchy, 12 , 25 , 36 , 72 , 220 , 269 , 270 , 272–282 272–293 , 325 Centre for Contemporary Cultural due to decolonization, 68–71 , 72 , 92 Studies, 25 , 270 and morality, 269 black British identity, 19 , 57 , 98 , 121 , Anglicanism, see religion 141 , 144 , 182–189 , 193 , 248–250 , Angry Young Men, 109 271 , 312–314 , 325 , 340 , 345 , Anti- Apartheid Movement, 258 , 273 , 306 see also Englishness ; Britishness anti-colonialism, 16 , 18 , 20 , 55 , 66–71 , and Enoch Powell, 2 , 5 , 142 , 248 , 287 , 121–138 , 144 –145 , 159 , 198 , 227 327 , 333 , 345 and the Cold War, 86 , 144 Black People’s Alliance, 19 , 141–142 , 271 anti-Semitism, 38 , 43 , 200 , 201 , 252 , black power, 193, 199 , 219 , 248–250 , 284 , see also Israel 264 , 272 , 276 , 317 , and Enoch Powell, 38 , 180 see also African- American cultural appeasement politics ; United States and Enoch Powell, 38–40 , 53 and Enoch Powell, 278 reframing the memory of, 178 , 195 , decline, 343–344 220–237 , 342 Bonham Carter, Mark, 211 , 246 Arab–Israeli War (1973), 295 , 302 Bonham Carter, Violet, 110 –111 364 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00794-9 - Enoch Powell and the Making of Postcolonial Britain Camilla Schofield Index More information Index 365 British Empire, 15–19 , 89–105 , Chamberlain, Neville, 38 , 39 see also Suez Crisis Christianity, see religion and Enoch Powell, 3 , 10 , 12 , 23 , Church of England, see religion 27–80 , 89–94 Churchill, Winston, 15 , 44 , 45 , 47, 63 , civilising mission, 4 , 25 , 32 , 56 , 62 , 67 , 69 , 70 , 85 , 105 , 226 , 265 80–89 , 121 , 137 , 139 , 143 , 144 , Churchillian rhetoric, 235 , 342 164 , 325 , 327 civil rights, 19 , 22 , 24 , 150 , 193 , 215 , decline of, see anti-colonialism ; 219–220 , 246 , 263 , 302 decolonization and welfare state, 275 economic power, 81 , 106 , 108 , 326 class identity, 4 , 6 , 11–21 , 25 , 34 , 60 , 66 , empire- nation, 28 , 93–94 , 121 81 , 94 , 97 , 113 , 117 , 119 , 120 , 121 , historical consciousness of, 2 , 56 , 188–192 , 220–237 , 250 , 266 , 290 , 80–81 , 137 , 160–205 , 227 , 229 , 314–315 , 340 , 344 , 345 see also myth and Enoch Powell, 7 , 41–42 , 57 slavery, 183 , 188 , 191 and Harold Macmillan, 116 liberal imperialism, 32 , 43 , 72–75 , 78 , classics, 29–40 , 65 , 176 138 , 203 , 321 , 326 Clausewitz, Carl von, 42 memory of, 76 , 272–282 , 316 Cold War, 15 , 24 , 25 , 64 , 75 , 80–89 , military power, 28 , 33 , 82 , 92 , 92 , 117 , 119 , 138 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 105–114 , 143 145 , 149 , 169 , 174 , 205 , 210 , 273 , modernization, 15 , 80–81 301 , 325 , 326 , 331 , 332 , 343 , public apathy for, 30 , 40 , 43 , 66 , 80 , see also defence policy 100 , 114 –121 , 309 race politics, 86 , 150 racial order, 6 , 33 , 103–105 , 126 , 137 Common Market, see European British Nationality Act (1948), 76 , Economic Community 90–92 , 118 , 181 , 207 , 313 Commonwealth, 13 , 21 , 24 , 82 , 83 , 86 , British Nationality Act (1981), 5 , 89–105 , 140–207 60 , 313 , 344 development aid, 101 , 180 , 193 , 338 British Raj, 3 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 27 , 28 , 32 , modernization, 81 , 82 43 , 47 , 53 , 55–66 , 100 , 103 , New Commonwealth, 24 , 91 , 104 see also Indian Army Old Commonwealth, 91 , 147 , 155 , Indian Civil Service, 103 316 Britishness, 4 , 31 , 32 , 38 , 70 , 72 , 91 , race politics, 104 , 146 , 153 155 , 180 , 182 , 189 , 214 , 270, 271 , Commonwealth Immigrants Act 299 , 300 , 303–309 , 322 , 327 , 329 , (1962), 144 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 161 , 331 , 332 , 345 172 , 193 , 199 Brixton riots (1981), 313–314 , 318 , 320 , Commonwealth Immigrants Act 333 , 343–344 (1968), 193–205 Brockway, Fenner, 196 , 240 communalism, 68 , 71 , 77 , 179 , 199 , 218 , Brooke, Peter, 68 , 71–75 , 77–78 , 320–321 231 , 264 , 281 , 288 Burke, Edmund, 67 , 101 , 235 , 331 communism, 82 , 88 , 97 , 117 , 143 , Butler, R. A., 67 , 69 , 94 , 112 , 170 144 , 206 , 277 , 326 , 332 , 343 , see also socialism Callaghan, James, 136 , 141 , 200 , 215 , British Communist party, 240 , 246 242 , 252 , 304 , 309 non- alignment, 86 Cambridge University, 29 , 42 , 51 , conscription, 15 , 37 , 41 , 92 , 110 , 112 , 67 , 166 , 272 129 Churchill Archives Centre, 252 Conservative Party, 23 , 41 , 66–68 , 78 , Campaign for Nuclear 79 , 81 , 90 , 114 –121 , Disarmament, 175 , 270 148 , 149 , 156 , 163 , 167–180 , Cannadine, David, 6 , 12–13 181 , 186 , 192 , 194 , 195 , 198 , Casey, John, 335 , 345–346 200 , 204 , 208 , 211–213 , 221 , Castle, Barbara, 126 , 130 238 , 239 , 240 , 246 , 264 , 267 , Central African Federation, 86 , 104 , 123 , 277 , 282 , 285 , 288 , 289 , 295 , 135–136 , 150 , 161 310 , 312 , 313 , 317 , 322 , 323 , 325 , Chamberlain, Joseph, 16 , 81 329–346 , see also Macmillan, © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00794-9 - Enoch Powell and the Making of Postcolonial Britain Camilla Schofield Index More information 366 Index Conservative Party (cont.) in the British Empire, 34 , 36 , 55–66 Harold ; One Nation group ; Young Ennals, David, 252 , 254 Conservatives ethnic communities, 6 , 180–193 , Conservative Political Centre, 216–218 , 247–250 , 291 , 313 , 318 101 , 115 , 118 and Enoch Powell, 287 support for, 190 , 233 eugenics, 121 , 335 Constantine, Learie, 191 European Economic Community, Cousins, Frank, 245 , 247 84 , 91 , 92 , 113 , 147 , 157 , 264 , Cowling, Maurice, 97 , 166 , 236 , 237 , 293–303 , 310 344 Creech- Jones, Arthur, 84 Falklands War, 12 , 341–342 , 346 Crossman, Richard, 108 , 109 , 138 fascism, 3 , 8 , 21 , 43 , 146 , 176 , 178 , 200 , Crown, see royalty 223 , 235 , 237 , 240 , 251 , 252 , Cyprus, 111–112 , 291 , 292 282–293 , 310, see also Mosley, Oswald de Gaulle, Charles, 157 British Union Movement, 239 , 244 decolonization, 17 , 67 , 71 , 159 , 161 , 163 , National Front, 250 , 285 , 311 , 334 , 184 , 206 , 241 , 296 , 318 , 325 341 destruction of colonial documents, feminism, 60 , 249 , 269 , 275 86–88 , 145 First World War, 2 , 9 , 15 as inevitable, 101–102 Foot, Dingle, 127 ‘internal decolonization’ of Britain, Foot, Michael, 130 12–13 , 17 , 79 , 183 Forster, E. M., 60 Deedes, Lord William, 130 , 169 France, 44 , 79 , 85 , 90 , 105 , 108 , defence policy, 61 , 64 , 90 , 92–93 , 173 157 , 253 , 298 colonial Africa, 93 , 129 free market, 16 , 75 , 95–96 , 115–118 , Defence White Paper (1957), 112 , 129 165–167 , 176 –180 , 185 , 207 , Indian Army, 55–66 , 93 213 , 302 , 331 , 337–339 , nuclear deterrent, 15 , 112 , 129 , 143 , see also monetarism and 157 , 161 , 175 , 332 , 342 , 346 Enoch Powell development aid, see Commonwealth free speech, 7 , 8 , 17 , 237 , 244 , 245 , devolution, 303–309 272 , 278–279 Diefenbaker, John, 154 Frost, David, 261 Disraeli, Benjamin, 140 , 240 , 331 dominions, see Commonwealth Gaitskell, Hugh, 157 Donnellan, Philip, 187–188 Gandhi, Mahatma, 205 Douglas-Home, Alec, 167 , 170 –171 , gender, 11 , 51 , 52–53 , 61 , 269 , 324 205–206 , 238 , 239 , 298 and anti-racism, 249 and citizenship, 5 , 60 , 189–192 , 345 economic planning, 79 , 116 , 178 , 179 , and racism, 61 , 121 , 234 221 , 222 , 224 , 231 , 262 , 263 , general election (1945), 14 , 229 330 , 332 , 333 general election (1951), 79 National Economic Development general election (1959), 80 , 114 , 136 , Council, 116 , 177 , 179 , 337 137 , 147 Thatcher government, 337–339 general election (1964), 147 , 161 , 239 Eden, Anthony, 44 , 108 , 109 , 111 , general election (1966), 147 , 244 112 , 115 general election (1970), 220 , 222 , 256 , Egypt, 47–48 , 86 , 90 , 105–114 , 125 , 259 , 272 , 284 , 288 see also Suez Crisis general election (1979), 289 Elton, Godfrey, 1st Baron Elton, general elections (1974), 264 , 285 , 334 203–204 , 209 , 226 generation, 9–13 , 95 , 280 , 282–284 , empire, see British Empire 314 , 326 , 342 Englishness, 31 , 70 , 81 , 86 , 122 , Ghana, 123 , 126 , 148 , 151–153 , 183–184 , 189 , 217 , 229 , 234 , see also Africa 244 , 257 , 299 , 323 , 324 , Gilroy, Paul, 8 , 14 , 23 , 229 , 345 see also Little England Gladstone, William,