2000 Population and Housing Census of Mongolia: THE MAIN RESULTS NSO National Statistical Office Of Mongolia UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNSD United Nations Statistics Division Contents Page CONTRIBUTORS iii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES IN THE ANNEX xi LIST OF ACRONYMS xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv PREFACE xvii Chapter 1. ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF THE 2000 1 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 1.1. Population censuses in Mongolia 2 1.2. Planning, administration and organization of the 2 2000 population and housing census 1.3. Training 6 1.4. Mapping and household listing 8 1.5. Advocacy and publicity 9 1.6. Pretesting, enumeration and quality control 11 1.7. Data processing 14 1.8. Dissemination of census data to users 15 1.9. Census concepts, definitions and design of the 17 population questionnaire Chapter 2. POPULATION SIZE, DISTRIBUTION AND 27 DENSITY Chapter 3. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 37 Chapter 4. CITIZENSHIP AND ETHNICITY 47 Chapter 5. INTERNAL MIGRATION AND URBANIZATION 53 Chapter 6. EDUCATION AND LITERACY 69 Chapter 7. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 79 Chapter 8. HOUSEHOLDS, LIVING QUARTERS AND 95 HOUSING FACILITIES CONCLUSION 109 Annex 1. TABLES OF CENSUS DATA 113 Annex 2. LIST OF CENSUS PRODUCTS 165 Annex 3. CENSUS QUESTIONNAIRE 167 i CONTRIBUTORS Mrs. Davaasuren Chultemjamts, Economist-statistician, Ph. D in Economics (Russia) Master of International Affairs (Columbia University, USA) Chairman of NSO and Deputy of State Census Commission Mr. Batmunkh Batsukh, Economist-statistician, Ph. D in Economics (Moscow Economics and Statistics Institute) Vice-chairman of NSO, Director of the Bureau of Population Census and Survey and Secretary of State Census Commission Mr. Laurence Lewis, Demographer Census Adviser, UNSD/UNFPA Ms. Linda Demers, Demographer Representative in Mongolia, UNFPA Bureau of Population Census and Survey Mrs. Zultsetseg Luvsantseren, Economist-statistician-demographer, Master in Economics (Mongolian National University) Deputy of the Bureau Officers Mr. Gerel Ariya, Mathematician (Mongolian National University) Mr. Badrakh Tsendjav, Economist (Mongolian National University) Mr. Baatarchuluun Chagnaadorj, Labour economist (Labour Institute, Mongolia) Mrs. Munkhtuya Lhagvasuren, Economist, Master in Economics (University of Tashkent, FSU) Mrs. Munkhtsetseg Pooloi, Economist (Technical University Of Mongolia) Ms. Narantsetseg Shaaluu, Economist-demographer (Mongolian National University) Ms. Oyuntsetseg Mashir, Labour economist (Labour Institute, Mongolia) iii Mrs. Tseveennyam Tserendulam, Economist-statistician, Master in Economics (Mongolian National University) Data processing department Mr. Oyunbayar Gombojav, Electronic-engineer (Technical university of Kharikov, FSU) Director of Department Mrs. Tserenkhand Binderya, Programmer and engineer of electro-calculation machine (Technical University, Check Republic) Chief officer Officers Mrs. Erdenesan Eldev-Ochir, Economic-cybernetics (Kazan State University, FSU) Mrs. Nansalmaa Zundui, Programmer (Technical University of Mongolia) Mr. Todgerel Oyuntsetseg Mathematician (Mongolian National University) Training coordinators of MON/97/P10 Ms. Ariunaa Dashtseren Economist-statistician, Master of Science in Demography (London School of Economics and Political Science) Mrs. Baigalmaa Baatar English language teacher and translator, Post graduate diploma in information and technology (University of Auckland, NZ) iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Page Table 1.1. List of census products 17 Table 1.2. Concepts and definitions used for the census, 2000 20 Table 1.3. Variations in topics and questions on individual forms, 24 1989 and 2000 Table 2.1. Population enumerated in Mongolian censuses, 1918- 28 2000 Table 2.2. Urban and rural population by aimag and the Capital, 32 2000 Table 2.3. Urban and rural population by region, 2000 33 Table 2.4. Population density by region, 2000 33 Table 2.5. Population and population densities of aimag and the 35 Capital, 1989 and 2000 Table 3.1. Inter-censal population growth of aimag and the 39 Capital, 1979-1989 and 1989-2000 Table 3.2. Age and sex distribution of the population and sex 41 ratio, 2000, in thousands Table 3.3. Age group distribution, percentage, 1979, 1989 and 42 2000 Table 3.4. Population aged 15 and above by marital status, 1979, 43 1989 and 2000 Table 3.5. Marital status by sex, 2000 43 Table 3.6. Singulate mean age at first marriage by sex, 1989 and 44 2000 Table 3.7. Marital status by age group and sex, 2000, in thousand 47 Table 4.1. Foreign citizens by country of citizenship, 1989 and 48 2000 Table 4.2. Foreign citizens by aimag and the Capital, 2000 49 Table 4.3. Percent distribution of foreign citizens and total 49 population by age group and sex, 2000 Table 4.4. Mongolian citizens by ethnic group, 1989 and 2000 50 v Table 4.5. Percent distribution of population by ethnic group and 52 age group, 2000 Table 5.1. Schematic representation of number of migrants using 56 various time and space perspectives, 2000 Table 5.2. Lifetime migrants by region, 2000 57 Table 5.3. Number of population by place of birth and residence 58 at the time of the census, 2000 Table 5.4. Percent distribution of population by place of birth and 59 by place of residence at the time of the census, 2000 Table 5.5. Five-year migrants by region, 2000 60 Table 5.6. Number of population aged 5 and above by place of 60 residence in January, 1995 and by place of residence at the time of the census, 2000 Table 5.7. Percent distribution of population aged 5 and above by 61 place of residence at January, 1995 and by place of residence at the time of the census, 2000 Table 5.8. Mean annual migration rates, January 1995 to January 62 2000 Table 5.9. One-year migrants by region, 2000 63 Table 5.10. Number of population by place of residence in the past 64 year and place of residence at the time of the census, 2000 Table 5.11. Percent distribution of population by place of 64 residence in the past year and place of residence at the time of the census, 2000 Table 5.12. Number and percentage distribution of migrants in past 65 year by age group and sex, 2000 Table 6.1. Percent distribution of population aged 10 and above 70 by the highest level of education completed and by sex, 1989 and 2000 Table 6.2. Percent distribution of population aged 10 and above 71 by highest level of education completed and by residence and sex, 2000 Table 6.3. Percent distribution of population aged 10 and above 72 by highest level of education completed and age group, 2000 vi Table 6.4. Number and percent distribution of population aged 74 15 and above, by literacy status, residence and sex, 2000 Table 6.5. School attendance of 7-29 year olds by age and sex, 76 2000 Table 6.6. Percentage of 7-29 year olds attending an educational 77 institution by age group, residence and sex, 2000 Table 7.1. Percent distribution of population by economic activity 82 status, by sex and residence, 2000 Table 7.2. Number and percent distribution of population by age 82 group, economic activity status and sex, 2000 Table 7.3. Number and percent of employed population aged 15 85 and above by sex and residence, 2000 Table 7.4. Number and percent distribution of employed 85 population aged 15 and above by age group and sex, 2000 Table 7.5. Number and percent distribution of employed 86 population aged 15 and above by occupation and sex, 2000 Table 7.6. Number and percent distribution of employed 87 population aged 15 and above by industry and sex, 2000 Table 7.7. Number (ë000) of employed population by status in 88 employment and sex, 2000 Table 7.8. Unemployed population by residence and sex, 2000 90 Table 7.9. Unemployment rates by age group, residence and sex, 91 2000 Table 7.10. Number and percent distribution of economically 92 inactive population aged 15 and above, by reasons for not working and sex, 2000 Table 7.11. Number (ë000) of economically inactive population 93 aged 15 and above by age group and reason for not working, 2000 Table 7.12. Number (ë000) of persons not working or looking for 93 work as no work available, 2000 vii Table 7.13. Broadened concepts of the labour force and 94 unemployment, 2000 Table 8.1. Number and percent distribution of households by 96 residence, 1989 and 2000 Table 8.2. Number and percent distribution of households by 97 residence and type, 2000 Table 8.3. Number and percent distribution of households by 98 residence and size, 2000 Table 8.4. Percent distribution of households, by size, aimag and 98 the Capital, 2000 Table 8.5. Number and percent distribution of households by sex 99 of head and residence, 2000 Table 8.6. Number and percent distribution of households by 100 residence, 2000 Table 8.7. Number and percent distribution of households by 100 type of living quarters, 2000 Table 8.8. Percent distribution of households by type of living 101 quarters and residence, 2000 Table 8.9. Number and percent distribution of households by 102 type of living quarters and ownership, 2000 Table 8.10. Number and percent distribution of households by 102 type of ownership and residence, 2000 Table 8.11. Number and percent of households with electricity 103 supply and telephone, by residence, 2000 Table 8.12. Number and percent distribution of households living 103 in ger by household size and number of walls, 2000 Table 8.13. Percent of households in gers by facilities available 104 and residence, 2000 Table 8.14. Number and percent distribution of households in 105 conventional living quarters by household size and living area, 2000 Table 8.15. Percent distribution of households in conventional 106 living quarters by household size and number of rooms, 2000 viii Table 8.16.