" " WP"5" Deliverable"5.3" Innovative monitoring techniques D5- 3 Report on the application of non- invasive biosensors Dissemination level Public" LEAD"CONTRACTOR" Akvaplan8niva"(APN)" AUTHORS" 1,4 " "1,2 1,3 "2 "2" Hector"Andrade"(APN) , Jean8Charles"Massabuau"(CNRS) ," Sabine"Cochrane"(APN) ,"Pierre"Ciret"(CNRS) ,"Damien"Tran"(CNRS) ," Mohamedou"Sow"(CNRS)"2,""Lionel"Camus""(APN)4"" " Contributions*as*follows:** 1"Writing"of"the"report" 2"Development"of"the"technology"(in"the"field"since"2005)"and"system"maintenance" 3"Wider"applications"for"environmental"assessments" 4"Application"of"the"method"to"the"Arctic" " APN:"Akvaplan8niva" CNRS:"Centre"National"de"la"Recherche"Scientifique" SUBMISSION"DATE" 28|"10|"2104 1" Deliverable"5.3"Report"on"the"application"of"non8invasive"biosensors"in"bivalves" " " " " 2" Contents 1." Foreword"and"acknowledgements" 5" 2." Executive"summary" 5" 3." Introduction" 6" 3.1" Brief"outline"of"the"concept,"hypotheses"and"report"aims"........................................................................."6" 3.2" Background"for"bivalve"molluscs"as"bio8sensors"........................................................................................"8" 3.3" About"the"Icelandic"scallop"Chlamys*islandica"..........................................................................................."9" 4." Materials"and"Methods" 10" 4.1" Study"site"and"biosensor"deployment"......................................................................................................"10" 4.2" Valvometry"and"behavior"analysis"using"HFNI"........................................................................................."12" 4.3" Environmental"abiotic"factors".................................................................................................................."14" 4.4" Determination"of"biological"cycles"..........................................................................................................."15" 4.5" Growth"cycles"..........................................................................................................................................."16" 4.6" Mortalities"................................................................................................................................................"16" 5." Results" 16" 5.1" General"....................................................................................................................................................."16" 5.2" Recording"baseline"biological"rhythms:"Gaping"behavior"in"relation"to"environmental"parameters"......."16" 5.3" Gaping"behavior"and"environmental"cycles"............................................................................................."17" 5.4" Mortality"..................................................................................................................................................."18" 5.5" Growth"....................................................................................................................................................."19" 6." Discussion" 21" 6.1" Discussion"of"results"obtained"so"far"........................................................................................................"21" 6.2" Laboratory"applications"and"validation"of"animal"health"........................................................................."21" 6.3" Evaluation"of"the"system"performance"...................................................................................................."22" 6.4" Applicability"of"the"method"for"MSFD"monitoring"..................................................................................."23" 6.5" Operational"strategy"and"costs"of"the"system".........................................................................................."24" 6.6" Outreach"..................................................................................................................................................."26" 7." Conclusions"and"future"directions" 26" 8." References" 27" " " 3" Deliverable"5.3"Report"on"the"application"of"non8invasive"biosensors"in"bivalves" " Tables Figure"1."The"Icelandic"scallop"Chlamys*islandica."Source:"www.naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk.""""...................."9" Figure"2."Location"of"Kongsfjorden"in"Svalbard/Spitsbergen,"where"biosensors"have"been"deployed"......................"11" Figure"3."The"old"pier"at"Kongsfjorden,"Svalbard"and"deployment"of"biosensors"during"the"polar"night"(date)."......."12" Figure"4."Chlamys*islandica"with"electrodes"glued"on"each"valve"(arrow"on"right"picture)."......................................."12" Figure"5."Schematic"representation"of"a"typical"bivalve"biosensor"setup.".................................................................."13" Figure"6."Photoperiod"measured"as"hours"of"light"from"January"(day"0)"to"December"(day"365)"in"2012.."..............."14" Figure"7."Tidal"activities"in"Ny"Ålesund"from"1th"of"January"2012"to"the"31th"December"2012."................................"15" Figure"8."Valvometry"recordings"(gaping"behaviour)"of"the"Icelandic"scallop"Chlamys*islandica.".............................."17" Figure"9."Actograms"of"valvometry"for"two"individual"scallops"in"Ny"Ålesund"during"216"days"................................."18" Figure"10."Valvometry"recordings"of"maximum"daily"valve"opening"of"Icelandic"scallop"Chlamys*islandica."............"19" Figure"11."Continuous"growth"measurements"for"C.*islandica"deployed"in"Ny"Ålesund"2012"to"2014."....................."20" " " " 4" 1. Foreword and acknowledgements Deliverable"583"of"the"DEVOTES"project"documents"the"method"and"results"obtained"through"one"of"the" innovative"monitoring"techniques"proposed"within"WP5,"Task"5.1.1:"Applying"remote"sensing"to"assess" marine"biodiversity"(from"species"distribution"to"habitat"types"and"their"heterogeneity)." The"task"description"is"as"follows:"High"frequency,"non8invasive"biosensors"to"measure"movement"and" shell"growth"in"bivalves"with"powerful"mathematical"analysis"and"recent"technological"advances"in"real" time" data" transfer" and" analysis" will" be" applied" on" Arctic" bivalves" at" three" different" locations" in" the" Barents"Sea"for"three"years"(note:"of"the"three"sites,"data"from"one"locality"is"dedicated"to"the"DEVOTES" project)."The"main"goals"will"be"to"(i)"further"understanding"of"bivalve"behaviour"and"shell"growth"in"a" remote"ecosystem"such"as"the"Arctic,(ii)"study"the"chronobiology"of"the"animal"in"geographical"locations" where" the" solar" rhythm" (dark" winter," 24" hr" light" in" the" summer)" and" food" availability" differ" from" temperate" regions," (iii)" generate" data" during" the" winter" season" of" the" Arctic" which" is" poorly" studied" owing"to"difficult"access"and"limited"logistics,"(iv)"to"study"the"impact"of"climate"on"animal"behaviour,"as" a"proxy"for"detecting"changes"in"water"quality."These"northern"locations"represent"areas"where"climate" change"is"a"fact,"and"therefore"give"reference"point"for"the"already"established"network"of""molluscan" eye""biosensors"elsewhere"across"Europe"(see"web"site"map)."" We"thank"collaborators"at"the"University"Centre"on"Svalbard"(UNIS)"and"the"research"facility"at"King's" Bay,"Ny"Ålesund"for"field"opportunities."We"further"thank"the"DEVOTES"community"for"lively"discussions" on"the""talking"clam""concept."In"particular,"we"thank"Mike"Elliott"(University"of"Hull)"for"debate"on"the" technology," Maria" C." Uyarra" (AZTI)" for" critical" comments" to" the" manuscript" and" Melanie" Austin" (Plymouth"Marine"Laboratory)"for"discussions"on"future"cost8benefit"assessments"of"the"technique." 2. Executive summary This" report" outlines" the" application" of" high" frequency," non8invasive" biosensors" (HFNI)" to" measure" biological" rhythms" and" shell" growth" in" bivalves" using" real" time" data" transfer" and" analysis" (http://molluscan8eye.epoc.u8bordeaux1.fr/index.php?lang=en&page=accueil&wid=)." The" method" is" being"applied"on"Arctic"bivalves"at"three"different"locations"in"the"Barents"Sea"over"a"period"of"three" years"and"beyond."This"report"outlines"the"method,"its"applications"and"the"results"achieved"from"so"far" after"2.5"years"of"deployment,"at"one"of"these"locations,"the"data"from"which"are"fully"dedicated"to"the" DEVOTES"project."The"ultimate"aim"of"this"activity"within"DEVOTES"is"to"determine"the"potential"utility"of" the"method"for"long8term"water"quality"monitoring,"in"the"context"of"the"Marine"strategy"Framework" Directive"(MSFD)." The" main" scientific" goals" of" the" application" are" to" (i)" further" understanding" of" bivalve" behaviour" and" shell" growth" in" a" remote" ecosystem" such" as" the" Arctic,(ii)" study" the" chronobiology" of" the" animal" in" geographical" locations" where" the" solar" rhythm" (dark" winter," 24" hr" light" in" the" summer)" and" food" availability" differ" from" temperate" regions," (iii)" generate" data" during" the" winter" season" of" the" Arctic" which"is"poorly"studied"owing"to"difficult"access"and"limited"logistics,"(iv)"to"study"the"impact"of"climate" on" animal" behaviour," as" a" proxy" for" detecting" changes" in" water" quality." These" northern" locations" 5" Deliverable"5.3"Report"on"the"application"of"non8invasive"biosensors"in"bivalves" " represent" areas" where" climate" change" is" a" fact," and" therefore" give" reference" point" for" the" already" established"network"of""molluscan"eye""biosensors"elsewhere"across"Europe"(see"web"site"map)."" This"report"had"the"following"aims:" • to"describe"the"background"for"using"non8invasive"bio8sensors"on"bivalve"molluscs;"