334 Appendices Army Combat Organizations Glossary of Terms Systems by Contractors Contractors by State Points of Contact UNITED STATES ARMY 335 Army Combat Organizations Army organizations are inherently built Squad Battalion around people and the tasks they must • Leader is a sergeant • Leader is a lieutenant colonel perform. Major combat organizations • Smallest unit in Army organization • Tactically and administratively self- are composed of smaller forces, as • Size varies depending on type: sufficient shown here. Infantry (9 Soldiers), Armor (4 • Armored Cavalry and Air Cavalry Soldiers), Engineer (10 Soldiers) equivalents are called squadrons • Three or four squads make up a • Two or more combat battalions make platoon up a brigade Platoon Brigade • Leader is a lieutenant • Leader is a colonel • Size varies: Infantry (40 Soldiers), • May be employed on independent or Armor (4 tanks, 16 Soldiers) semi-independent operations • Three or four platoons make up a • Combat, combat support, or service company support elements may be attached to perform specific missions Company • Normally three combat brigades are • Leader is a captain in a division • Usually up to 220 Soldiers • Artillery unit of this size is called a Division battery • Leader is a major general • Armored Cavalry or Air Cavalry unit • Fully structured division has own is called a troop brigade-size artillery, aviation, • Basic tactical element of the engineer, combat support, and maneuver battalion or cavalry service elements squadron • Two or more divisions make up a • Normally five companies make up a corps commanded by a lieutenant battalion general WEAPON SYSTEMS 2010 336 AIS definition, design, development, deployment, operations and maintenance, Glossary of Terms and incurred from the beginning of the Materiel Solution Analysis Phase through sustainment for the estimated useful life of the system. ACAT IA programs have two sub-categories: Acquisition Categories (ACAT) ACAT I programs are Milestone Decision Authority Programs (MDAPs [see also 1. ACAT IAM, for which the MDA is the Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the DoD, Major Defense Acquisition Program]) or programs designated ACAT I by the the ASD (C3I). The “M” refers to Major Automated Information System Review Milestone Decision Authority (MDA [see also Milestone Decision Authority]). Council (MAISRC). (Change 4, 5000.2-R) 2. ACAT IAC, for which the DoD CIO has delegated milestone decision authority to Dollar value: estimated by the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and the CAE or Component CIO. The “C” refers to Component. Technlogy) (USD [A&T]) to require an eventual total expenditure for research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) of more than $365 million in fiscal year (FY) 2000 constant dollars or, for procurement, of more than $2.190 billion ACAT II programs are defined as those acquisition programs that do not meet the in FY 2000 constant dollars. ACAT I programs have two sub-categories: criteria for an ACAT I program, but do meet the criteria for a major system, or are programs designated ACAT II by the MDA. 1. ACAT ID, for which the MDA is USD (A&T). The “D” refers to the Defense Acquisition Board (DAB), which advises the USD (A&T) at major decision ACAT III programs are defined as those acquisition programs that do not meet the points. criteria for an ACAT I, an ACAT IA, or an ACAT II. The MDA is designated by the 2. ACAT IC, for which the MDA is the DoD Component Head or, if delegated, the CAE and shall be at the lowest appropriate level. This category includes less-than- DoD Component Acquisition Executive (CAE). The “C” refers to Component. The major AISs. USD (A&T) designates programs as ACAT ID or ACAT IC. Acquisition Phase All the tasks and activities needed to bring a program to the next major milestone ACAT IA programs are MAISs (see also Major Automated Information System occur during an acquisition phase. Phases provide a logical means of progressively (MAIS) Acquisition Program), or programs designated by the Assistant Secretary translating broadly stated mission needs into well-defined system-specific of Defense for Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (ASD [C3I]) requirements and ultimately into operationally effective, suitable, and survivable to be ACAT IA. systems. The acquisition phases for the systems described in this handbook are defined below: Estimated to exceed: $32 million in FY 2000 constant dollars for all expenditures, for all increments, regardless of the appropriation or fund source, directly related Technology Development Phase to the AIS definition, design, development, and deployment, and incurred in any The purpose of this phase is to reduce technology risk, determine and mature single fiscal year; or $126 million in FY 2000 constant dollars for all expenditures, the appropriate set of technologies to be integrated into a full system, and to for all increments, regardless of the appropriation or fund source, directly related demonstrate critical technology elements on prototypes. Technology Development to the AIS definition, design, development, and deployment, and incurred from is a continuous technology discovery and development process reflecting close the beginning of the Materiel Solution Analysis Phase through deployment at collaboration between the Science and Technology (S&T) community, the user, all sites; or $378 million in FY 2000 constant dollars for all expenditures, for all and the system developer. It is an iterative process designed to assess the viability increments, regardless of the appropriation or fund source, directly related to the of technologies while simultaneously refining user requirements. Entrance into UNITED STATES ARMY 337 this phase depends on the completion of the Analysis of Alternatives (A0A), a Document (CPD); a refined integrated architecture; acceptable interoperability; proposed materiel solution, and full funding for planned Technology Development acceptable operational supportability; and demonstration that the system is Phase activity. affordable throughout the life cycle, fully funded, and properly phased for rapid acquisition. The CPD reflects the operational requirements, informed by EMD Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) Phase results, and details the performance expected of the production system. If (Statutes applicable to the Systems Development and Demonstration phase shall Milestone C approves LRIP, a subsequent review and decision shall authorize full- be applicable to the EMD phase.) rate production. The purpose of the EMD phase is to develop a system or an increment of capability; Operations and Support Phase complete full system integration (technology risk reduction occurs during Technology The purpose of the Operations and Support phase is to execute a support program Development); develop an affordable and executable manufacturing process; ensure that meets materiel readiness and operational support performance requirements, operational supportability with particular attention to minimizing the logistics and sustains the system in the most cost-effective manner over its total life footprint; implement human systems integration (HSI); design for producibility; cycle. Planning for this phase shall begin prior to program initiation and shall be ensure affordability; protect critical program information by implementing appropriate documented in the Life-Cycle Sustainment Plan (LLSP). Operations and Support techniques such as anti-tamper; and demonstrate system integration, interoperability, has two major efforts: life-cycle sustainment and disposal. Entrance into the safety, and utility. The Capability Development Document, Acquisition Strategy, Operations and Support Phase depends on meeting the following criteria: an Systems Engineering Plan, and Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP) shall approved CPD; an approved LCSP; and a successful Full-Rate Production (FRP) guide this effort. Entrance into this phase depends on technology maturity (including Decision. software), approved requirements, and full funding. Unless some other factor is overriding in its impact, the maturity of the technology shall determine the path to be Acquisition Program followed. A directed, funded effort designed to provide a new, improved or continuing weapons system or AIS capability in response to a validated operational need. Production and Deployment Phase Acquisition programs are divided into different categories that are established The purpose of the Production and Deployment phase is to achieve an operational to facilitate decentralized decision-making, and execution and compliance with capability that satisfies mission needs. Operational test and evaluation shall statutory requirements. determine the effectiveness and suitability of the system. The MDA shall make the decision to commit the DoD to production at Milestone C and shall document Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrations (ACTDs) the decision in an Acquisition Decision Memorandum. Milestone C authorizes ACTDs are a means of demonstrating the use of emerging or mature technology entry into low rate initial production (for MDAPs and major systems), into to address critical military needs. ACTDs themselves are not acquisition production or procurement (for non-major systems that do not require LRIP) or programs, although they are designed to provide a residual, usable capability into limited deployment in support of operational testing for MAIS programs upon completion. If the user determines that additional units