It’s about the public. It’s about the future. Öffentlich-rechtliche Qualität im Diskurs Public Service Media in Europe Service Publique en Europe PUBLIC VALUE REPORT 2013/14 – TEXte ORF’s First Multimedia Public-Value-Report Information in TV, Radio, TELETEXT and Online From April 23rd until May 4th ORF offers a glimpse behind the scenes of its media-production: — How do TV, Radio and Online media achieve their quality Reports in all Information in Data and standard of information? four TV- all three national facts on — Why can you trust ORF-news? programs radio stations ORF.at — What is the value of educational media? — What contribution do the regional studios make? TVTHEK Various programs in ORF TV and radio will address these questions. ORF.at and TELETEXT will provide Background- facts and background information. information on the A VOD-cluster in Reports in TELETEXT-pages the TVthek the regional 883, 887 and 888 programs Public-Value-Report, Printed Issue Report Menschen Daten Texte An overview of Statements and Facts and figures Scientific the multimedia views on public document the analyses from all Public-Value-Report service quality fulfillment of the over Europe legal and public 16 pages 60 pages service remit 124 pages 32 pages You can find all programs, information and documents onzukunft. ORF.at. EDITORIAL Public Value goes Europe Public Service Media are based on European ground. Their history, their cultural heritage, their role for democratic societies. But there’s more than a success-story: Some PSM broadcasters face tremendous challenges, due to commercial competition, cost cutting and internal structures, many PSM organisations in Europe struggle hard with their transition from state owned media to independent public service, some of them are at the brink of existence. Many suffer from restrictive funding, all are con- fronted with the challenge of the dynamic changes and convergence of media as well as new technologies, new devices changing the use and perception of media almost every day. There are many reasons to face current challenges and regional as well as worldwide demands. If PSM want to maintain a trustful source of reliable information and high quality entertainment, if they wants to maintain their relevance for society, if they want to be beneficial for individuals, who are not just consumers but citizens they have to open up for debate, for creativity, for new ideas and perspectives. We are glad to present a broad spectrum of views of a truly European horizon. The collection of articles published here spans the whole European continent. They do not represent the inside perspective of the national Public Service Broadcasters. They deliver the views and insights of independent scientists and media experts from all over Europe. You will find information about the specific media environment in 29 European countries, you will find results from academic research, perspectives, suggestions, new ideas and sometimes harsh critique. Some might say this is about to prepare for the perfect storm. Some might say it means to create a new horizon of media for the common good. We think: It’s definitely about the future. There’s no better way to approach Public Service Media in Europe than to start with questions and answers, with pro and cons, with an open mind and an open dialogue. All of you are invited to participate. To read, to discuss, to react. Public Value in media has to go future. We start by going Europe. Konrad Mitschka, Generaldirektion Public Value PUBLIC VALUE REPORT 2013/14 TEXTE 1 CONTENTS/SOMMAIRE/INHALT 4 34 AUSTRIA / AUTRICHE / ÖSTErrEICH ESTONIA / ESTONIE / ESTLAND Journalistische Kompetenz im digitalen Zeitalter Public Media is the Pillar of Europeanism Josef Seethaler that Unifies all States and Nations Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Maarja Lõhmus University of Tartu 8 BELGIUm / BELGIQUE / BELGIEN 36 FINLANd / FINLANDE / FINNLAND Public Service Media: A Means to an End Caroline Pauwels, Karen Donders The Four Horsemen of the Post-Broadcast Era Vrije Universiteit Brussel Marko Ala-Fossi University of Tampere 11 40 BULGARIA / BULGARIE / BULGARIEN FRANCE / FrANCE / FRANkrEICH The Challenges of Digitalization to Le face à face public-privé : la régulation, entre les the Bulgarian Public Service Media règlements et la concurrence Lilia Raycheva Francis Balle University of Sofia Université Panthéon-Assas 19 43 CrOATIA / CrOATIE / KROATIEN GErmANY / ALLEMAGNE / dEUTSCHLAND The Challenge of Maintaining Community Wie wichtig sind öffentlich-rechtliche Medien in the Face of the Market im digitalen Zeitalter? Zrinjka Peruško Barbara Thomaß University of Zagreb Ruhr -Universität Bochum 22 47 CYPRUS / CHYPRE / ZYPERN GErmANY / ALLEMAGNE / dEUTSCHLAND The Present and Future of PSM under Die Zukunft des Public Service Broadcasting in den Austerity: The Case of CYBC digitalen Gesellschaften Europas Lia-Paschalia Spyridou, University of Cyprus Hardy Gundlach Dimitra L. Milioni, Cyprus University of Technology Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg 27 51 GREECE / GRÈCE / GRIECHENLAND CzECH REPUBLIC / RÉPUBLIQUE TCHÈQUE / TSCHECHIEN Pluralism and Public Service Media Vielversprechende Aussichten oder große Illusionen? Petros Iosifidis Jan Jirák, Barbara Köpplová University of London Karlsuniversität Prag 55 31 HUNGARY / HONgrIE / UNGARN DENMArk / DANEMARK / DÄNEMArk Public Service Broadcasting in Hungary: Three Challenges and a Fine Kept Balance A Mission Impossible? Anker Brink Lund, Christian S. Nissen Péter Bajomi-Lázár Copenhagen Business School Budapest Business School The data on Public Service Media in Europe was provided by the EBU, except for Cyprus, Luxembourg, Malta and Slovenia. Cyprus: TV: Nielsen Audience Measurement 2012; RADIO: 23. September – 22. Dezember 2013 (Source: IMR, SYMMETRON, University of Nicosia); Luxembourg: Presse- und Informationsamt der Luxemburger Regierung (2013): Apropos Medien. http://www.luxembourg.public.lu/catalogue/medias/ ap-medias/AP-Medias-2013-DE.pdf (14.3. 2014); Malta: Radio and Television Audience Survey, July – September 2013. Slovenia: Mediana RM Research 2012. * If references needed, send a request to [email protected] 2 PUBLIC VALUE REPORT 2013/14 CONTENTS/SOMMAIRE/INHALT 59 96 IrELANd / IrLANDE / IrLAND ROMANIA / ROUMANIE / RUMÄNIEN How Important shall Public Service Media be The Plea for History and the Return to Europe in the European Digital Media Age? Dana Mustata Roderick Flynn University of Groningen Dublin City University 64 99 ITALY / ITALIE / ITALIEN SLOVAKIA / SLOVAQUIE / SLOWAKEI Public Service Media in Europe Necessary for a Liberal Democracy at Times of Crisis: Some Reflections Andrej Školkay Alessandro D’Arma School of Communication and Media Bratislava University of Westminster 67 102 LATVIA / LETTONIE / LETTLAND SLOVENIA / SLOVÉNIE / SLOWENIEN* Creating Public Value in a Digital Media Landscape Snatch the Public Service! Inta Brikše Sandra Baši´c Hrvatin University of Latvia University of Ljubljana 75 105 LITHUANIA / LITUANIE / LITAUEN SPAIN / ESPAGNE / SpANIEN Recharging Public Service Media Discourse: Diversity Focus Crisis or Dismantlement? Kristina Juraitè Isabel Fernández-Alonso, Marc Espín Vytautas Magnus University Kaunas University of Barcelona 79 LUXEMBOUrg / LUXEMBOUrg / LUXEMBUrg 108 Identität und Public Value SwEDEN / SUÈDE / SCHWEDEN Christof Barth Channelling Diversity Universität Trier Gunilla Hultén 82 Stockholm University MALTA / MALTE / MALTA Evolving PSB Core Values: The Maltese Experience 112 Joseph Borg SwITZERLANd / SUISSE / SCHWEIZ University of Malta Den öffentlichen Rundfunk entfesseln Vinzenz Wyss 85 Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaft NETHERLANDS / PAYS-BAS / NIEDERLANDE * A Search for Quality Journalism from the Vantage Point of the User Irene Costera Meijer 116 University Amsterdam UNITED KINgdOM / ROYAUME-UNI / VEREINIGTES KÖNIgrEICH 89 Whither Public Service Entertainment— or How it Helped to Save the Future of Public POLANd / POLOGNE / POLEN Service Media Reflections on Culture and Public Media Mikko Sihvonen in the Digital Ecosystems Manchester Metropolitan University Michał Głowacki University of Warsaw 119 93 UNITED KINgdOM / ROYAUME-UNI / PORTUGAL / PORTUGAL / PORTUGAL VEREINIGTES KÖNIgrEICH Running to Win the »Indispensability« Race »MyBBC«, in the Digital Media Age Clara Almeida Santos, Sílvio Santos Lizzie Jackson University of Coimbra Ravensbourne TEXTE 3 PUBLIC VALUE Austria Journalistische Kompetenz im digitalen Zeitalter Josef Seethaler Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Die Probe aufs Exempel lässt sich leicht machen: Selbstkontrolle und Weiterbildung aufbauende Quali- Niemand wird die Frage, ob man zur Ausübung tätsförderung zu begreifen, gehört immer noch zu den beruflicher Tätigkeiten Kompetenz benötige, vernei- Desiderata österreichischer Medienpolitik. nen. »Kompetenz« steht weitgehend außer Streit – ebenso wie die Bedeutung eines kompetenten Jour- Damit ist gesagt, worum es in diesem Beitrag nicht nalismus, sei es für die Rendite, für die Gesellschaft, gehen wird. für Europa oder wofür auch immer. Alles dreht sich um Kompetenz. Vielmehr soll es darum gehen, was dieser so leicht zur Zustimmung verleitende Begriff der Kompetenz über- Weniger Einigkeit besteht freilich darüber, wie sie haupt meint, in welcher Hinsicht ihm entscheidende erreicht werden kann. Dass »Kompetenz« mit »Qualifi- Bedeutung für die Zukunft des professionellen Jour- zierung« zusammenhängen könnte, wie die Überschrift nalismus zukommt und welche Rolle dabei öffentlich- des