Index A adoption, 184, 185 abortion, 3, 41–58 baby bonus scheme, 190 abortees, characteristics of, 52–55 parenthood tax relief, 193 “abortions with sepsis”, 41 age group approval, 46 abortion, 102 authorization for termination of contraceptive knowledge, 96 pregnancy, 51–52 fertility decline, 119, 123, 124, criminal act, 41 127 debate, 44–46 government population policies, imposition fee, 51 110 incidence of, 56–58 ageing population, 289–90 knowledge, attitudes and practice, challenges, 255 101–5 Ahmad bin Ibrahim, Minister for legal, 42–44, 102 Health, 63 legalization, 36, 52, 161 Alexandra Hospital, post-partum move towards legalization of, 42 programme, 31 on demand, 49–52 Aliens Ordinance 1893, 226 spontaneous, 56–57 Amstutz, Mrs H. B., 10 teenage girls, 55 antinatalist policies, 4 training programme, 30 need for change, 157–61 Abortion Act 1969, 46, 49–50, 57, Asia Foundation, 9 137 Aw, Dr Aileen, 145 Abortion Act 1970, 101, 105 Abortion Act 1974, 66–67, 138–9 B Abortion Bill, 45–46, 50, 65 baby bonus, 175–79 accouchement fees, 81, 82, 84–86, first and fourth child, 188–91 137 birth control, 5 government maternity hospitals, abortion, 44 83–85 method of, 81, 83 hospital, 153–4 practice of, 100, 101 323 20PopPolicies&ProgIndex-2e-1P.indd 323 25/5/16 6:55 pm 324 POPULATION POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES IN SINGAPORE birth rate, crude, 24, 37, 114–17, racial composition, 3 119, 125–27 sterilization, 71 reduction of, 37 who is having too few babies?, standardized, 125 276–83 births, 4, 116, 117 zodiac calendar, 210 differ from population Chinese Christian Association, 5 distribution, 279 Chua Sian Chin, Minister for Health, multiple, 176 43, 45, 50, 64–65, 67–68, 82, 86 shortfall below replacement level, citizenship laws, 231–37 218–20 civil servants total fertility rates by, 131, 132 female, equal medical benefits, Budget 1984, 145 202–3 Budget 1987, 173 five-day working week, 199–202 Budget 1989, 164 flexible work, 170 Build-To-Order (BTO) flats, 299 full-pay leave for undergoing sterilization, 83 C public sector leave, 170 cancer screening service, 26, 31 Clinical Services Unit, 25–26 carcinoma-in-situ, 31 clinics, 11–15 Catholic schools, 90 birth control, 5 Central Provident Fund (CPF), 152 clinical services, 30–31 cash grant, 152 functions, 12 Medisave, 163 mobile clinics, 30 top-up grant for HDB apartments, visits by acceptors, 14 194–96 Colony of the Straits of Settlements, 2 Chan Choy Siong, Madam, 45 communist subversion, 263 Chew Swee Kee, Minister for Community Centres, 10 Education, 10 computation, fertility decline, 114 childcare leave, 197–98 condom, 31, 96, 101 childcare subsidy, 171–72, 185–87 Conference of the International Children Development Account Planned Parenthood Federation, (CDA), 176, 189, 191, 259 62 China Centre of Adoption Affairs Conference of the Methodist Church (CCAA), 236 and the Graduates’ Christian Chinese Fellowship, 43 abortion, 102, 104 contraceptives changes in fertility rate, 134–35 education and services, 6 contraceptive knowledge, 95–101 knowledge, attitudes and practice, fertility trend, 214 95–101 government population policies, new methods, 17 109–11 preferences by acceptors, 31 percentage of new acceptors, 16 prices, 30 20PopPolicies&ProgIndex-2e-1P.indd 324 25/5/16 6:55 pm Index 325 co-savings account, 175, 189 Second National Survey, 29 couples, fewer than two children, training programme, 30 271–75 voluntary family planning society, CPF. See Central Provident Fund 6 (CPF) Family Planning Association (FPA), 3, 95, 118, 136 D acceptors, distribution of old and DBS Bank, 176 new, 15–18 demography, 52 achievements, 18–19 trends, 246–49 clinics, acceptors and attendances, diaphragms, 17–18, 31 11–15 Dragon Year, 135, 139, 179–80, Council, governed by, 20 209–12, 215, 217, 218, 220 formation of, 5–6 government grants and funds, E 9–11, 20 East and Southeast Asia and Oceania new acceptors, characteristics of, (ESEAO), 21 15–18 ECAFE-sponsored Working Group objectives of, 6–7 Meeting on Communication organization, 7–11 Aspects of Family Planning, 43 recruitment of new acceptors, 18 Economic Development Board re-establishment, objectives, 19–21 (EDB), 237 registered with SFPPB, 19 economic structure, 3 sterilization, 62 education, 137, 294 transfer of family planning married women, 95 activities to Health Ministry, profile of older singles, 295 23 sterilized women, 74 visits to clinics by women, 14 universal, 266 volunteer workers, 8 Employment Act, 82, 197, 198, 264 Family Services Department, 175 Employment (Amendment) Act 1973, Federation of Malaysia 82 formation of, 2 Employment Bill, 82 separation from Singapore, 24 employment pass, 227–31 female sterilization, 62–65, 105 enhanced child relief, 145–46, 164–65 full-pay leave, 83 exhibition, family planning, 10 treatment for, 67 female worker, paid maternity leave, F 82, 83 Family Day Care Service, 172 fertility, 4, 294 family planning, 5 below replacement level, 209–21 First National Survey, 29 better-educated women, 143–55 knowledge, attitudes and practice birth shortfall, 218–20 of married women, 94 causes of decline, 114–40 20PopPolicies&ProgIndex-2e-1P.indd 325 25/5/16 6:55 pm 326 POPULATION POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES IN SINGAPORE causes of fertility changes, government family planning 136–39 programme, 24 changes among married women, change in, 24 129–30 Government Infant Welfare Centres, changes by age, 127–29 12 changes by parity, 130–34 Government Maternal and Child effect of the changing age Health Centres, 10 composition on, 125–27 government population policies, fewer than two children, 271–75 108–12, 269 future trends, 139–40, 220–21 Government Programme, 23–39. See long-term trends, 115–24 also Singapore Family planning need for change in policy, 157–61 and population Board (SFPPB) three main races, 213–18 graduate marriage matchmaking, total rate, 116, 126 144–45 who is having too few babies?, grandparents, caregiver relief, 276–83 198–99 First Five-Year Plan (1966–70), 37, gross reproduction rate (GRR), 276 136 gynaecological ailments, 7 First Step Grant scheme, 260 five-day working week, 199–202 H five-year plan, 23–24 Hon Sui Sen, Minister for Finance, flexible work, public sector, 170 25 Ford Foundation, 9 hospital, accouchement fees, 153–54 foreign workers hospitalization expenses, 163 importation of, 2 Housing and Development Board inflow, as population issue, 256 (HDB), 86, 152, 166, 172, 173, maid levy, 187–88, 199 205–6 marriage licence, 91 CPF top-up grant, 194–96 stricter control to relocate to resale apartment, 195 Singapore, 242 Hu, Richard, 164, 173 work permits, 91–92 Fourth Asian Congress of Obstetrics I and Gynaecology, 43 Ibrahim, Dr Yaacob, Minister for FPA. See Family Planning Community Development and Association (FPA) Sports, 180 immigrants, work permits, 138 G immigration General Certificate of Education laws, 225–27 (GCE), 146, 162, 164 need for, 223–25 Goh Chok Tong, 2, 160, 166, 169 Immigration Act (Chap. 133) and the the second long march, 284–98 Immigration Regulations, 227 Goh Kok Kee, Mrs, 10 Immigration Affairs Committee, 237 20PopPolicies&ProgIndex-2e-1P.indd 326 25/5/16 6:55 pm Index 327 Immigration and Checkpoints K Authority (ICA), 232–33 Kandang Kerbau Hospital, 10 immigration policy, 4 post-partum programme, 31 income tax, 85, 137, 163–65 sterilization, 63, 64, 75 Income Tax Act, 85 Khor, Dr Amy, 180 Indians kidSTART scheme, 260 abortion, 102, 104 knowledge, attitudes, and practice changes in fertility rate, 134–35 (KAP) contraceptive knowledge, 95–101 abortion, 101–5 fertility trend, 214 family planning, 94–101 government population policies, government population policies, 109–11 108–12 percentage of new acceptors, 16 sterilization, 105–8 racial composition, 3 survey, 94 sterilization, 71 Kwa Soon Bee, 160 who is having too few babies?, 276–83 L infant care subsidy, 171–72, labour force, 298 185–87 participation of women, 137 injectable contraceptive, 31 labour force projections, 254 Inter-Ministerial Population Labour Force Survey, 83 Committee, 159, 160, 169, Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister, 2, 179–80 180, 299–302 International Planned Parenthood Lee Kuan Yew, 2, 45, 80, 143, 263 Federation (IPPF), 9, 19, 62 Lim Hng Kiang, Minister in the grants to FPA, 9 Prime Minister’s Office, 180 Seventh Conference, 11, 80 Lim Hwee Hua, 180 Southeast Asia Regional Long-Term Visit Pass Plus (LTVP+), Headquarters, 19, 30 235 intra-uterine devices (IUDs), 17–18, 41, 101 M clinical services, 31 maid levy, 199 failure of, 41 Malays training programme, 31–32 abortion, 102, 104 IPPF-ESEAO Regional Training changes in fertility rate, 134–35 Course for Trainers in contraceptive knowledge, 95–101 Sterilization, 21 fertility trend, 214 government population policies, J 109–11 Japan percentage of new acceptors, 16 contraceptive knowledge, 94 racial composition, 3 replacement fertility level, 139 sterilization, 71 20PopPolicies&ProgIndex-2e-1P.indd 327 25/5/16 6:55 pm 328 POPULATION POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES IN SINGAPORE who is having too few babies?, mobile clinics, 30 276–83 Monetary Authority of Singapore Male Counselling/Vasectomy Clinic, (MAS), 236–38 68, 75 Moore, Mrs Joanne, 10 male family planning clinic, 30 mortality policy, 4 male sterilization, 26, 63, 67, 105, municipal clinics, 11 106 full-pay leave, 83 N treatment for, 67 nannies, 172 married women National Academy of Science, 159 abortion, 102–5 National Day Rally, 143, 166, 169, birth control, practice of, 98–101 170, 179, 180, 191, 194, 197, family planning, 94–101 256, 263 fertility decline, 129–30 National Family Planning and flexible