IPAL C IC OR N P U O M R A A L T I M O I N H S WORK IS WORSHIP Empowered lives. Resilient nations. Prepared by City Disaster Management Cell, Municipal Corporation Shimla Under the GoI‐UNDP Urban Risk Reduction Project (2009-12) City Disaster Management Plan- Shimla Copyright © 2012 DM Cell, Municipal Corporation- Shimla Disclaimer ‘City Disaster Management Plan- Shimla’ has been prepared by the Disaster Management Cell, Municipal Corporation- Shimla and no part of this document shall be republished or modified without the prior permission of the MC Shimla. While sincere efforts have been made to ensure the correctness of the information given in this document, the Municipal Corporation- Shimla bears no responsibility for any inadvertent technical/factual inaccuracies and typographical errors. I N D E X 1. Chapter- I Basic Profile of Shimla……………………………………………………………………… 1-11 2. Chapter- II Hazard-Risk Analysis of Shimla………………………………………………………… 12-29 3. Chapter- III Vulnerability of Shimla in context of various hazards………………......... 30-47 Chapter- IV 4. Risk Assessment of Shimla in context of various hazards and associated vulnerabilities………………………………………………………………… 48-55 5. Chapter- V Mitigation Plan for Shimla City………………………………………………………… 56-62 6. Chapter- VI Incident Response System for Disasters in Shimla…………………............ 63-69 ANNEXURES Annexure 1: Roles and Responsibilities of IRS Officers….…………………… 70-91 Annexure 2: Incident Response Forms ……………………………………………… 92-102 Annexure 3: Emergency Support Functions………………………..…………..… 103-112 Annexure 4: Standard Operating Procedures ……………………..……………. 113-143 Annexure 5: Emergency Contact Detail of Shimla City……………………….. 144-157 Annexure 6: List of NGOs & CBOs…………………………………………………….… 158-159 Annexure 7: Contingency Plan- Snow District Administration……………. 160-161 Annexure 8: List of Volunteers…………………………………………………………… 1 62 - 1 64 City Disaster Management Plan- Shimla (2012) Basic Profile of Shimla Chapter- I 1. Location Located in the middle ranges of the Himalayas, Shimla is a lovely hill station that is a favourite among tourists. In 1864, Shimla was declared the summer capital of the British Raj in India. A popular tourist destination, Shimla is often referred to as the "Queen of Hills," a term coined by the British. Located in the north-west Himalayas at an average altitude of 2,205 metres (7,234 ft) above the sea level, this beautiful hill station lies between 31o 06’ North to 77o 13’ East. The high altitude has a fitting vegetation cover of evergreen pine trees. The city is spread over an area of 25 square kilometres. Though it seems small, the hills and undulating terrain surrounding it give it the look of a majestic hill station. The city is famous for its British architecture dating from the colonial era. 2. Area and Divisions 2.1 Natural Division The 25 square kilometre of the city area is Hill Spur Elevation (Mts.) spread over seven hill spurs. The average Jakhoo Hill 2454 elevation of these spurs varies from 2073 m Elysium Hill 2257 to 2454 m from the mean sea level. Jakhoo Museum Hill 2201 Hill is the most elevated spur of Shimla. Prospect Hill 2177 These spurs are inter-connected by roads. Observatory Hill 2150 The important character of the road network Summer Hill 2104 Potters Hill 2073 circumscribing these hills is that it is Hill spurs & their mean elevation connected to the Mall Road from Boileauganj to Chhota Shimla. 1 City Disaster Management Plan- Shimla (2012) 2.2 Administrative Division Having almost 160 years of history of Municipal Corporation Shimla the autonomous existence starts with the passing of the Himachal Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1994 (H.P. Municipal Corporation Act, 1994) government revised the delimitation of wards into 21. With 5 retention policies now the city is having 25 wards. The details are as under: Ward No. Ward Name Ward No. Ward Name 1 Bharari 14 Jakhoo 2 Ruldu Bhatta 15 Banmore 3 Kaithu 16 Engine Ghar, Sanjauli 4 Annadale 17 Dhalli 5 Summer Hill 18 Sanjauli Chowk 6 Tutu 19 Sanjauli 7 Boileauganj 20 Maliyana 8 TutiKandi 21 Kasumpati 9 Nabha 22 Chotta Shimla 10 Phagli 23 Patiyog 11 Krishna Nagar 24 Khalini 12 Ram Bazar 25 Kanlog 13 Lower Bazar Ward details of Shimla 3. Salient Physical Features and Land Use Patterns 3.1 Soil Type The soils type Shimla is mainly grey wooded or podzolic soils. 3.2 Existing Land Use Plan Of the total area of 9950 hectares of Shimla Planning Area (SPA), about 1475 hectares which accounts for 15% of the total SPA is under urban use. The existing land use of urban area is given below: S. Area (in % of Urban % of Planning Land Use No. Hectares) Area Area 1 Residential 903.13 61.19 9.07 2 Commercial 25.22 1.71 0.25 3 Industrial 9.00 0.62 0.09 4 Tourism 21.70 1.47 0.22 5 Public & semi- public 138.78 9.40 1.39 6 Parks & open spaces 6.00 0.41 0.06 7 Traffic and Transportation 371.93 25.20 3.75 Sub total 1475.76 100.00 8 Agriculture 2174.75 21.85 9 Forest 6080.15 61.12 Water bodies and undevelopable 10 219.34 2.20 land Grand Total 9950.00 100.00 2 City Disaster Management Plan- Shimla (2012) Land use patter of Shimla Urban and SPA (Source: CDP, MC website) The current land use plan of the Shimla reflects that there are hardly any open spaces are available in the city. For better response to any emergency situation open spaces help to prevent, organising community shelters, organising health and rationing camps, etc. In congested geographical location it is difficult to provide efficient response in any emergency situation. 3.3 Geology and Geomorphology In Shimla the sediment eroded from the Himalayas 30 million years ago and deposited by ancient rivers The town is situated on the rocks of Jutogh Group and Shimla Group. Jutogh group occupies main Shimla area and extends from Annadale-Chaura Maidan- Prospect Hill-Jakhoo- US Club and highland area. Shimla Group comprising of earlier Chail Formation and Shimla Series represented by Contours, Elevation & Spurs of Shimla city shale, slate, quartzite greywacke and local conglomerate is well exposed in Sanjauli-Dhalli area. The City is situated at the traverse spur of the Central Himalayas, south of the river Satluj at 31o04' North to 31o10' North latitude and 77o05' East to 77o15' longitude, at an altitude of 2130 metres above mean sea level. In shape, it has been described as an irregular crescent. It is 88 kilometres from Kalka having “exquisite” scenery. It is spread over an area of 9950 Hectares along with its commanding position. It has a panoramic view and scenic beauty all around. The city is a unique combination of hills, spurs and valleys. To the north and east, a network of mountain ranges which are crossed at a distance by magnificent crescent of new peaks, the mountains of Kullu & Spiti in the North, the central range of the eastern Himalayas stretching East and South-east. The East-West axis have emerged major axis of development for the city. 3.4 Climate and Rainfall Shimla in general has a mild highland climate, with temperatures in peak winters, falling below 0°C. Shimla features a subtropical highland climate under the Koppen climate classification. The climate in Shimla is predominantly cool during winters and moderately warm during summers. The temperatures range from -4°C (24.8°F) to 31°C (87.8°F) over the year. The average temperature during summer is between 19°C and 28°C, and between -1°C and 10°C in winter. Monthly 3 City Disaster Management Plan- Shimla (2012) precipitation varies between 24 mm. in November to 415 mm. in July. It is typically around 45 mm. per month during winter and spring and around 115 mm in June as the monsoon approaches. The average total annual precipitation is 1520 mm (62 inches). Snowfall in the region, which historically has taken place in the month of December, has lately (over the last fifteen years) been happening in January or early February every year. Climate data for Shimla Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 17.2 19.4 23.9 28.3 30.0 30.6 27.8 25.6 24.4 23.9 19.4 20.0 30.6 Record high °C (°F) (63.0) (66.9) (75.0) (82.9) (86.0) (87.1) (82.0) (78.1) (75.9) (75.0) (66.9) (68.0) (87.1) 8.3 8.9 13.9 18.3 22.2 22.8 20.6 19.4 19.4 17.2 13.9 10.6 16.3 Average high °C (°F) (46.9) (48.0) (57.0) (64.9) (72.0) (73.0) (69.1) (66.9) (66.9) (63.0) (57.0) (51.1) (61.3) 2.2 2.8 6.7 11.1 14.4 16.1 15.6 15.0 13.9 10.6 7.2 4.4 10.0 Average low °C (°F) (36.0) (37.0) (44.1) (52.0) (57.9) (61.0) (60.1) (59.0) (57.0) (51.1) (45.0) (39.9) (50.0) −9.4 −7.7 −5.6 0.0 4.4 7.8 10.0 11.1 5.0 3.9 0.0 −6.1 −9.4 Record low °C (°F) (15.1) (18.1) (21.9) (32.0) (39.9) (46.0) (50.0) (52.0) (41.0) (39.0) (32.0) (21.0) (15.1) Precipitation mm 61 69 61 53 66 175 424 434 160 33 13 28 1,577 (inches) (2.4) (2.72) (2.4) (2.09) (2.6) (6.89) (16.69) (17.09) (6.3) (1.3) (0.51) (1.1) (62.09) Source: Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System 3.5 Socio-Economic Features Employment is largely driven by the government and tourism.