Arkeologin i regimens tjänst -Ahnenerbes verksamhet, historiebruk och vetenskap under det Tredje riket- Uppsats Arkeologi C Högskolan på Gotland Vårterminen 2009 Författare: Mattias Johansson Handledare: Martin Hansson HÖGSKOLAN PÅ GOTLAND ARKEOLOGI C 2(35) Mattias Johansson 2010/01/28 Johansson, Mattias 2009. Arkeologin i regimens tjänst -Ahnenerbes verksamhet, historiebruk och vetenskap under det Tredje riket (Archeology in service of the regime - Ahnenerbe operations, practice of history and science during the Third Reich) Abstract In order to study how science and archeology was exploited for political means during the Third Reich this thesis investigates the scientific institute Ahnenerbe, founded in 1935. The thesis is built up as a literature study combining literature sources from the time of the event as well as research done around Ahnenerbe after the war. The purpose of the thesis is to examine the official and unofficial purposes of the organisation. It investigates how scholars viewed Ahnenerbe at the time, and after the war. It further examines the scientific value of the material published by the organisation, where there is a specific focus on the material covering Germanic Männerbunds. Keywords: Ahnenerbe, Herbert Jankuhn, Herman Wirth, Walther Wüst, Wolfram Sievers, Männerbund, Aryans, Amt Rosenberg HÖGSKOLAN PÅ GOTLAND ARKEOLOGI C 3(35) Mattias Johansson 2010/01/28 1 Inledning .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Introduktion ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Syfte och frågeställning .................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Källmaterial och avgränsning ........................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Källkritik .................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Metod och teori ................................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Tidigare forskning ............................................................................................................. 6 2 Bakgrund .................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Nationalsocialism .............................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Begreppet arier ideologins bärare ..................................................................................... 8 2.3 Vetenskap som politiskt verktyg ....................................................................................... 8 2.4 Amt Rosenberg ................................................................................................................. 9 3 Presentation av materialet ...................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Ahnenerbe ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 Finansiering .............................................................................................................. 11 3.1.2 Ledande personer inom Ahnenerbe .......................................................................... 11 3.1.3 Ahnenerbes genomförda expeditioner ..................................................................... 12 3.1.3.1 Bohuslän och Norge .......................................................................................... 12 3.1.3.2 Tyskland ............................................................................................................ 13 3.1.3.3 Mellanöstern ...................................................................................................... 14 3.1.3.4 Karelens folklore .............................................................................................. 14 3.1.3.5 Polen .................................................................................................................. 14 3.1.3.6 Tibet .................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.3.7 Krim .................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.3.8 Italien ................................................................................................................ 16 3.1.3.9 Bayeux tapeten, Frankrike ................................................................................ 16 3.1.4 Ahnenerbes planerade expeditioner ......................................................................... 16 3.1.4.1 Island ................................................................................................................. 16 3.1.4.2 Bolivia ............................................................................................................... 16 3.1.4.3 Kanarieöarna ..................................................................................................... 17 3.1.4.4 Iran, inskriptionerna i Behistun ......................................................................... 17 3.1.4.5 Ahnenerbe vid krigsutbrottet ............................................................................. 17 3.2 Germanska mannaförbund .............................................................................................. 17 3.2.1 Forntida germanska mannaförbund ......................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Moderna germanska mannaförbund uppstår ............................................................ 18 4 Analys av materialet ............................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Ahnenerbe, struktur, syfte och mål ................................................................................. 18 4.1.1 Ersättande av kristendomen, ett inofficiellt syfte ..................................................... 19 4.1.2 Hitlers inställning till Ahnenerbe ............................................................................. 19 4.2 Ahnenerbes vetenskapliga verksamhet utifrån fyra definitioner av historiebruk ........... 20 4.3 Politikens inverkan på vetenskapen ................................................................................ 20 4.4 Vad attraherade forskarna till Ahnenerbe? ...................................................................... 21 4.5 Samtida kritik .................................................................................................................. 22 4.6 Efterkrigstidens kritik ..................................................................................................... 22 4.6.1 Varför tystnad i Tyskland ......................................................................................... 23 4.7 Vad var vetenskapen bakom mannaförbundstanken? ..................................................... 23 4.7.1 Mannaförbunden väl anpassade för det Nazistiska statsbygget ............................... 24 4.7.2 Kritik kring forskning om Germanska mannaförbund ............................................. 24 4.8 Vad var det vetenskapliga fundamentet bakom begreppet arier? .................................... 24 HÖGSKOLAN PÅ GOTLAND ARKEOLOGI C 4(35) Mattias Johansson 2010/01/28 4.9 Det vetenskapliga värdet i Ahnenerbes expeditioner ...................................................... 25 5 Slutsatser och avslutande diskussion ..................................................................................... 26 5.1.1 Ahnenerbes skuld? ................................................................................................... 26 5.1.2 Bedömning av Ahnenerbe och dess vetenskapliga arv ............................................ 27 5.1.3 Relationen mellan vetenskap och politik ................................................................. 27 6 Sammanfattning ..................................................................................................................... 28 7 Referenser .............................................................................................................................. 29 7.1 Skriftliga källor ............................................................................................................... 29 7.2 Digitala källor ................................................................................................................. 31 8 Bilagor .................................................................................................................................... 32 8.1 Bildmaterial ..................................................................................................................... 32 8.2 Institut inom Ahnenerbe .................................................................................................. 33 8.2.1 Humaniora ................................................................................................................ 33 8.2.2 Naturvetenskap ......................................................................................................... 34 1 Inledning 1.1 Introduktion Arkeologin som vetenskap är en relativt ung vetenskap som i princip hade sin vagga i upplysningstiden men som på allvar växte fram och etablerades