Univerza v Mariboru Filozofska fakulteta Oddelek za slovanske jezike in književnosti Andreja Tkalec ZNAČILNOSTI IMENOSLOVJA V SREDNJESAVINJSKEM NAREČJU MAGISTRSKO DELO Celje, januar 2013 Univerza v Mariboru Filozofska fakulteta Oddelek za slovanske jezike in književnosti Andreja Tkalec ZNAČILNOSTI IMENOSLOVJA V SREDNJESAVINJSKEM NAREČJU MAGISTRSKO DELO Mentorica: akad. zasl. prof. dr. Zinka Zorko Celje, januar 2013 2 Naloga je bila opravljena na Oddelku za slovanske jezike in književnosti Filozofske fakultete v Mariboru. Podiplomski študij sta delno financirala Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost, kulturo in šport ter Šolski center Celje. ZAHVALA Zahvaljujem se svoji mentorici, akad. zasl. prof. dr. Zinki Zorko, za vso pomoč, razumevanje in podporo. Zahvaljujem se svojim domačim za potrpežljivost pri nastajanju naloge. Zahvaljujem se sodelavcem za vso tehnično pomoč, še posebej pa prof. Ireni Sojč za prevod povzetka v angleščino. 3 POVZETEK Naloga prinaša zbirko ter izvor zemljepisnih in osebnih lastnih imen v občini Celje. V imenih se skrivajo značilnosti lokalnega narečja. Celjski govor sodi k srednjesavinjskemu narečju. Zanj je značilno, da je izgubilo tonemsko nasprotje, naglašeni zlog pa je tonsko visok. Prevladujejo monoftongi in jakostno (samo dolgo) naglaševanje. Ker pa je Celje tudi središče regije, se tu stikajo različni narečni vplivi iz okolice. Tako se ponekod namesto pričakovanih monoftongov slišijo tudi diftongi. Večina obravnavanih imen je zapisana v knjižni obliki, narečni elementi so pogosteje zastopani pri ledinskih imenih. Ledinska imena se najpogosteje imenujejo po lastnikih. Najpogostejše ledinsko ime v celjski občini je hosta, zraven pa je vedno naveden tudi lastnik (Čatrova hosta, Jelenova hosta, Medvedova hosta). Najpogostejša korena pri tvorbi krajevnih in ledinskih imen sta log in loka (Ložnica, Medlog, Gložje, Loge, Zalogi; Loče, Loka, Lokrovec), saj se veliko ozemlja se nahaja na z vodo bogati ravnini. Tudi sicer veliko ledinskih imen opozarja na različne oblike vode ali močvirnat svet (Mlake, Čret, Lava, Potoki, Blatnik, Brod, Virtnica). Veliko ledinskih imen je zelo nenavadnih, analiza je pokazala, da narečnih in zelo starih. Takšna imena ohranjajo spomin na pokrajino, kakršna je bila nekoč (Trebe, Tirgut, Kripeno, Devce, Dobrova, Lava, Resen, Zlake, Kresnik). Za besedi slom in čret z vsemi izpeljankami se je izkazalo, da sta tipično štajerski in ju drugod v Sloveniji ne najdemo. Priimki so najpogosteje tvorjeni iz drugih imen s priponskimi obrazili -ec, -jak, -nik (iz krajevnega imena: Korošec, Gajšek, Hrastnik), -e, -ič (iz osebnega imena in poimenujejo sina: Topole, Arhanič) in -ar/-er (iz poklicnega poimenovanja: Kuhar, Pinter). Ženske oblike priimkov so tvorjene s priponskimi obrazili -ka, -ca in -o(u)ka. UDK: 811.163.6'373.2(043.2) Gesla: srednjesavinjsko narečje, celjski govor, imenoslovje 4 ABSTRACT The research paper focuses on the origin of selected geographical and personal proper names in the Celje municipality. The selected names contain the hidden features of the local dialects. The speech pattern of Celje belongs to the dialect of Central Savinjska region. It is characterized by the loss of pitch contrast whereas the stressed syllable is high pitch. The speech pattern of Celje is dominated by monophthongs and (only long) intensity accentuation. As Celje represents the centre of the Savinjska region its speech pattern is affected by different dialects from the surrounding area. Therefore, instead of the expected mophthongs, the diphthongs can be heard in some places. The majority of the selected names in the paper is recorded in written language whereas the dialectal forms are mainly represented in fallow names, which are most commonly referred to by the owners. The most common fallow name in the Celje municipality is hosta, which is always referred to the owner (Čatrova hosta, Jelenova hosta, Medvedova hosta). The most common roots in the formation of local names and fallow names are log and loka (Ložnica, Gložje, Loge, Zalogi, Loče, Loka, Lokrovec) since much of the territory is located on the water-rich plane. In addition, a lot of fallow names direct our attention to the various forms of water or marshy areas (Mlake, Čret, Lava, Potoki, Blatnik, Brod, Virtnica). Many fallow names are quite unusual; according to the analysis, they are dialectal, very old and preserve the memory of the landscape as it was in old times (Trebe, Tirgut, Kripeno, Devce, Dobrova, Lava, Resen, Zlake, Kresnik). The words slom and čret as well as all words formed from them turned out to be typical of Styria and cannot be found elsewhere in Slovenia. Surnames are most commonly formed from other names with suffixes -ec, -jak, -nik (from a local name: Korošec, Gajšek, Hrastnik), -e, -ič (from a personal name naming a son: Topole, Arhanič) and -ar/-er (from a professional designation: Kuhar, Pinter). Female forms of surnames are formed with suffixes -ka, -ca and o(u)ka. UDK: 811.163.6'373.2(043.2) Keywords: specifics of middlesavinja dialect, onomastic 5 Kazalo vsebine 1 UVOD ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 KAJ JE IMENOSLOVJE ........................................................................................................ 8 1.2 JEZIKOSLOVNA OPREDELITEV NALOGE .................................................................... 10 1.3 STRUKTURA NALOGE ...................................................................................................... 13 2 OPIS SREDNJESAVINJSKEGA NAREČJA ................................................................ 15 2.1 INVENTAR GLASOV ......................................................................................................... 15 2.1.1 SAMOGLASNIKI ............................................................................................. 15 2.1.2 SOGLASNIKI .................................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 NAGLAS ............................................................................................................ 16 2.2 DISTRIBUCIJA GLASOV ................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 SAMOGLASNIKI ............................................................................................. 16 2.2.2 SOGLASNIKI .................................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 NAGLAS ............................................................................................................ 17 2.3 IZVOR GLASOV .................................................................................................................. 17 2.3.1 NAGLAŠENI SAMOGLASNIKI ...................................................................... 17 2.3.2 NENAGLAŠENI SAMOGLASNIKI ................................................................ 20 2.3.3 ZLOGOTVORNI ZVOČNIKI ........................................................................... 21 2.3.4 SOGLASNIKI .................................................................................................... 21 2.3.5 NAGLAS ............................................................................................................ 23 2.4 IZGUBA GLASOV ............................................................................................................... 23 2.4.1 SAMOGLASNIKI ............................................................................................. 23 2.4.2 SOGLASNIKI .................................................................................................... 24 2.4.3 DRUGI PRIMERI ONEMITEV ........................................................................ 24 2.5 BESEDOSLOVJE ................................................................................................................. 25 2.6 OBLIKOSLOVJE ................................................................................................................. 26 2.6.1 SAMOSTALNIŠKA BESEDA .......................................................................... 26 2.6.2 PRIDEVNIŠKA BESEDA ................................................................................. 28 2.6.3 GLAGOL ........................................................................................................... 29 2.6.4 PRISLOV ........................................................................................................... 30 2.6.5 PREDLOG ......................................................................................................... 31 2.6.6 ČLENEK ............................................................................................................ 31 2.6.7 VEZNIK ............................................................................................................. 31 2.6.8 MEDMET ........................................................................................................... 32 3 TIPOLOGIJA OBČNIH IMEN ....................................................................................... 33 4 ZEMLJEPISNA IMENA V OBČINI CELJE .................................................................. 56 4.1 VODNA IMENA .................................................................................................................. 56 4.1.1 IMENA REK ...................................................................................................... 56 4.1.2 JEZERA IN RIBNIKI .......................................................................................