OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY ) A SERIES OF CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES PRESENTING. m PARALLEL COLUMNS, A RECORD OF THE MORE NOTEWORTHY EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES DOWN TO 1890. COMPJLRD BY G. P. PUTNAM. A.M. AND CONTINUKD TO DATE BV LYNDS E. JONES Il^/T// CHART G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK LONDON 37 WEST TWEKTV-THIRD ST. 1-J KIX« WILLIAM ST., STnATO 1891 •-^.•—Tr—- —'—•yf^rrw^""'"'" vi EXl-l-ANATIOÄ Oi-' TUE CHAKT Üi' UISIOUV. Tribes sepai-ntecl, 975 ; tlie^ are conquercd, 731, and Jndah, 588, by the Ässyrians ; restored by the Persians, 535 ; nnder tlie Macedonians,. i}30 ; restoE'ed to iudependence by the Maeea.bees, 150, conquered by tlits PREFACE. IJonians, 68 ; by tlie Saracons, A. D. 623 ; afterwards by tho cruaaders, Mameliikea, and Tiirlis, sueccssively.—England subducd bythc Komans in the first Century ; reliuqnished by them, A. D. 410 ; aubdued by tlie Tliis chronology of historical events, origiiially compiled by the late George Saxons, 500 ; by the Danes, 860; by the Normana (receiving French P. Putnarn and forming a part of his comprehensive cyclopedia on "The torritoties), lOOG; united with Irclatid, 1170 ; with Walea, 1280 ; with World's Progress," has been carefiilly reviscd and bronght down to the present Scotland, 1600.—Italy in antiquity possessed by several petty tribes ; by time, and it is now issned in a separate form in the trlist that every one who the Homans from 300—300 B. C. to 480 A. D., then by the Herulii, Oefcro- needs at his elbow a convenient manual of dates may find his requirements goths, Lombards, and It'ranks, successively ;—in modern times dividcd satisfied in this vohime. To teachers especially it is hoped that it may prove into several small republics and prlncipalities; joiaed to the Froncli an impprtant aid in imparting instruction. They more than all others ap- empire about 1800, and now divided ehiefly between Anstria, the Wrand preciate the difficulty of permanently fixiiig in the mind the exact time of Dukes of Tuscany, Modena, &c., the Pope, and the King of Naples.* grcat occurrences, and they shoukl accordingly vahie any means of lessening that difficulty. Sucli a means, it is thouglit, is foiind in the arrangement here " They are rather melancboly reflections whicli the viow of such a adopted of placing in parallel columns on facing pages the events occurring chart of history is apt to excite in the minds of persons of feeling and throughoTit the world at about the same period of time. This calls in the liumanity. What a number of revolutione are marked upon it! "VVhat powerful asäistance of association in enabling the memory to grasp and retain a torrents of human blood has the restless ambition of mortals shed, and hold of important dates by showing at a glance simnltaneoiis occun-ences in in what eomplicated distress has the discontent of powerfal individuals •other countries. It also helps in teaching the lesson that the history of any involved a great part of their species ! "—Priestley one nation is only a part of the history of the world ; and that the proper way tü study trne history is to follow the progress of the people scattered over * Ihonrcficnt üditor liiis tliouglit best to eivc Dr. JMcßtlcy's Kiimmary in hin üwn words. It ia liardly nücessary to cxplaiu tliat Italy of to-day is mit so divided,—but tliat the face of the globe, and not of a fragmentary few gathered into one corner tlie unliro pouinsula iuis sliice IfiOü constltuted tlie Kingdom of Italy. of it. The most distant events are naturally the ones it isi the most difficult to place with positive certainty. Egyptian history goes the furthest back of any knovra to US, and more light has been thrown upon its early days by recent research than upon that of any other country. Yet to-day authorities still differ as to the time of the foundation of its first dynasty by as wide a raargin as 1,500 years (Bunsen, 3,600 B.C. ; Mariette, 5,000 B.C.). In this condition of doirbt it has beeil deemcd Avise to talie a conservative estimate and the chronology of Brugsch and Dancker lias therefore been followed. Tlie chronology of Bishop Usher is now so universally discredited by Biblical scholars as well as by other students that it has been entirely discarded, and Hebraic history has been begun with the introduction of monarchy among the Jews, the earliest event in their career that can be fixed with any approxiraate degree o£ accuracy, Other occurrences in the twilight period of history, to whicli custom has assigned arbitrary dates, havc been omitted as of too mythical a character and o£ too ixncertain a time to be recorded in a sober book of facts. Perhaps future in- vestigation and new sources of Information jnay some day clear away the clouds and Ict us see which are facts and whicli are fahles, and the former will then iind their place in chronologies ; but for the present, at least, chronologies are the one place they should f-wi appear in. LYNDS E JONES EXPLAMTIOK OF THE CHART OF HISTORY. Scprcscitting, in a GhToiiolorjicul Scvies, tM Eise, liewluUons, and Fall oj tlie. Principal Empires ofthe World. ON TUE TLAW OP BK. .TOUN PlilESTLEY. • It is noccsary to notice, that the space allotted to eacli country is rather accordiug to ita relative political importanco thau to ita geograpliical extent. The Spaces between the -oertical iines which cross the chart represent time, viz., each a Century, or 100 years ; those between the horizontal lines represent conntries, the names of which are cspressed ot the end of the chart, I5y examining the vertical columnH we aseertain tho contemporary State of different nations at t!ic perJod wofix upon. For iußtancc : about , : ANCIENT CHRONOLOGY 1500 years before Christ wo see states forming in Greeee ; the Israelites i'.i •' in Egypt (from whence they depart nina years after); the Egyptian, As,syrian, Persiau, Chine.se, and othor l^ingdoms had been foitndcd PROM THE EARLIEST RECORDS TO THE'CHRISTIAN ERA several centuries previous—bat their history uncertain and obscnre. At the time of Ohrist we find the Roman Empire spread over a greater part of the then known world, but the Parthiana, Britons, and Germans, as yet unsubdued by them. '/OO years after, this empire exists only in Turkey, and its former territories are under barbarians : the Heptarchy in England ; the Lombards in Italy; the Franks in Gaul; the African provjnces, and a largo part of Asia under tho Saraccns. In 1500 we find •fihe Eastei'n or Greek Empire fallen under the Türks ; the Tartars •gowerful in Asia : many of the modern states of Europe founded; America discovered by tho Eiiropeans, &c., &c. ) On the other band, the revolutions of each country may bo Seen in continuation by looking along the chart horizontally : the Persian empire is founded in remote antiquity ; united. with that of the Medes about 600 B. c. ; is extended by Cyrus into As.syria, Asia Minor, and Egypt, 53S; falls in turn, under the Maeedouians, Parthians, Saraeens, Türks, and Tartars, successively.—"Vlie Israelitc,'; in Egypt from 1706 to 1491B. C; in Canaan 1451 ; under the Judges about 1300 ; under Kings, 1095 j Ten 2 THE WORLD'S PROGRESS. 4400 B.C.- 850 B.C. A CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD. li.C ASIA, I'KOGKKsa Ob- SocjKTv AN:j TUE AKTS. AFKICA. Eui:0['E. 4400 {abotii). Foundatio 1 of the first dynasty i Egypt. {ahoiit). ErecLion of the Grcat Pyramid at Gizeh. 350 {about). Riseof the kingdon of Elam. Ä-)'- 2281: {about). Chaldea conqoerec hy Cudur-Nanhhnndi, th Klamite. Beginning of Clialdean astronomicai ob- sL'vvations, •^soc (about). Foundation of the 2300-1700 {about). Do Hia dynasly in China, minion of the Hyksos in Egypt. (ßbmit). Use of cuneiform writing. (First dcciphered iSoz A.D.) 1700-1250 {abouf). Perioc of the gre.tte.'it power • and splendoi- of tho New Empire in Egypt. 1582 BeginniDs of clironology of Arundelean (Parian) marble. IJDO (jzboui). Üabylon united into 1500 {aOoiii). Dato of oldest p.^py^L e.'itan.t. a Single powerful monarchy, -1300 {about). l'eriod of the greatest power of the Plit- tite realm in Syria. 1300 [aboHt). Reign of Shelman- escr I, in A.ssyria. 1250 (about). Phcenicians entei* upon their career of colonlzation. (ßboui). Cylinder inscription of Ticjlath-Pilescr, King of AKsyn'a. iroo {about). Foundation of the itQD {about). Dorian niigra- Chow dynasty in China. lion into Peloponnesus. 1055 (flboui). Establishment of monarchy uy the jews: Saul l;in£. 133 (alioilt). Saul overwliclraed Ly the Phil ist incs: at Gilboa : David proelaimcd king, _,_J3 {aioid). Accession of Solomon, 953 {fl-iout). ilevolt of the ten tribes \'- • linder Jeroboam : Israel and Judah HCp- anitc l:nigdoms. 940 {about). Capture of Jerusalem hy Slies- honk, King of Egypt, 929 ifibniri). Acccssion of Asa in Judah, 900 900 {a,/ioKt). Erection of Nortiiwest Palace üf about). ^ Commencoinent of Niniroud. Assyrian canon (tcrminated 640 Ü.C.). 899 [aboui). Accession of Omri in Israel. - ) 873 (about). Accession of Jchoshaphat ;r,. Judah, S53 i^avout). Syrians defcat and kill Ahab, iCingof Israel at Ramoth-Güead. so {about). Colonization SO {^bout). Lcgislation of of Carthage by the Lycurgus in Sparta. I:: Tyrians. THE WORLD S PROGRESS. 843 ß.C- 4 586 B.C. A CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD. PROQKESS OF SOCIETV AND TIIH AUTS. Ti!K Jiiws. AsiA. AFIUCA. EUROIT:, 843 iaiaiU). Throne of Israel usurped by Jchii. 792 (aioiii). Acccssion of Uzniah in Judah 790 (aiffui). Accessian of Jeioboara II. in Israel.