Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-79039-0 - The Monied Metropolis: New York City and the Consolidation of the American Bourgeoisie, 1850–1896 Sven Beckert Index More information Index Abercombie, James A., 263 American Industrial League, 169 Abolition movement American Institute, 64, 67, 168, 240 growing conflict over, 85 American Iron and Steel Association, manufacturers/mercantile elites and, 291 75, 89–92 American Merchant, 41, 70 See also Slavery American Party, 86 Academy of Music, 210, 247 American Protective Tariff League, 240, Academy of Music ball (1881), 294 305 African American bourgeoisie, 368n.133 American Railroad Journal, 119, 120, African Americans 136, 137, 138, 143, 158, 229 bourgeois New Yorkers support of American Railway Union, 287 freedpeople, 158–159 “American Society for Promoting declining elite support of, 224–226 National Unity,” 96 Draft Riot attacks against, 138 American Surety Company, 249 Emancipation Proclamation freeing America’s Successful Men of Affairs, 246 slaves, 130, 132 Anderson, Major, 97, 111 enlistment as Union soldiers by NY, Anti-Income Tax Association of New 134–135 York, 229 political interest in enfranchisement of, Anti-Semitism 166, 167–168 comparison of European and U.S., Union League Club supporting rights 439n.188 of, 130–131 of upper-class elites, 265–266, violence against freed slaves, 167, 439n.188 225 Anti-tax mobilization See also Freedpeople; Slavery development of, 227, 229 AICP (Association for Improving the link between Reconstruction and, Conditions of the Poor), 67–68, 75, 229–231 76, 179, 181, 192, 216–217 Apparel industry, 250 Albany & Susquehanna Railroad, 150 Art collection, 259 Aldrich, Nelson, 308–309 Arthur, Chester, 309 Alexis of Russia, Grand Duke, 157, 190 Aspinwall, William H., 48, 96, 130 Allaire Works, 51 Association to take steps to oppose the Allen, Horatio, 76 levying and collecting of the Income American Anti-Slavery Society, 89 Tax, 229 American Bible Society, 41 Astor, Caroline Schermerhorn, 1, 14, American Commonwealth (Bryce), 256 98ph, 156, 248 American Cotton Oil Trust, 239 Astor, John Jacob, 1, 26, 28, 35, 58, 135, American Exchange Bank, 121 157, 222, 270 American Free Trade League, 164, 305 Astor Place Opera House, 49–50 American Home Missionary Society, 75 Astor Place riots (1849), 72 469 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-79039-0 - The Monied Metropolis: New York City and the Consolidation of the American Bourgeoisie, 1850–1896 Sven Beckert Index More information 470 Index Astor, William Backhouse, 34, 48, 95, slavery/capitalism coexistence belief by, 96, 127 88–89 Astor, William W., 293 southern readmittence supported by, Atlantic Monthly, 179, 256 170–171 A. T. Stewart’s, 24, 104ph summer home/racetrack of, 258 Atterbury, B. B., 34 Union Club membership of, 58, 59 Audit Company, 249 Belmont, Caroline, 17 Austin, Robert F., 308 Belmont, Perry, 213, 309, 310 Bensel, Richard, 164 Babcock, Samuel D., 214 Bernheimer, Isaac, 267 Baker, George F., 123, 126, 129, 209 Bernstein, Iver, 139, 173 Baker, Mary Ann, 34 Bimetallism monetary standard, 456n.84 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad strike Blackmar, Elizabeth, 262 (1877), 232–235 Blaine, James G., 313 Bancroft, George, 127 Blatchford, Richard M., 96 Bank of Commerce, 118, 121, 123, 153 Blatchford, Samuel, 311–312 Bank of England, 304 Blunt, George W., 139 Banker’s Magazine, 308, 326–327, 330 Blunt, Joseph, 93 Banking industry. See New York City Board of Estimate and Apportionment, banking industry 319 Baring Brothers (London), 25 Bogert, Peter, 54 Barlow, Samuel, 95, 125, 129, 132, 139, Bolles, Albert, 255 142, 143, 231, 278, 310 Boss Piano Makers of New York, 274, Barney, Hiram, 129 291 Barnum, Phineas T., 268 Boston bourgeoisie, 381n.22, 439n.198 Barnum’s, 48, 54 Bourgeoisie Barrett, Walter, 84 absence of aristocracy and, 336n.18, Battle of Bull Run (1861), 125 337n.31 Bayard, Thomas F., 309 African American, 299, 368n.133 Beebe, J. M., 26 anti-Semitism of, 265–266, 439n.188 Beecher, Henry Ward, 129, 152, 191 “aristocratization” of, 259f, 436n.149 Beekman, James, 28, 37, 38, 58, 65, 75, Boston, 381n.22, 439n.198 82, 86, 135, 171 class-formation approach to study, Beisel, Nicola Kay, 211, 263 12–13 Belding, Milo Merrick, 238 comparative research on development Belknap, Robert, 270 of, 11, 344n.63 Bellows, Henry Whitney, 125 definition of, 6–7, 337n.34, 435n.119 Belmont, August economic interests and nationalism of, art collection of, 17, 48 329–332 Civil War efforts by, 117, 125, 126, emergence of educated, 254 127, 128, 132, 133, 134 exceptional degree of power held by, Delmonico ball given by, 211 332–334, 336n.20, 452n.42 Democratic Party activism by, 81, 95, 96 expansion of U.S., 237–241 on economic impact of depression, German-American, 367n.131, 394n.11 208, 209, 210 historical overview of, 13–14 as European immigrant, 30 making of the, 3–6 as important NYC banker, 25 petite, 6, 7, 251–252, 323 marriage of, 34 relationships with other social classes, photograph of, 98ph 7–8 political relationships of, 309 role of schools in nationalization of, self-made wealth of, 63 429n.14 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-79039-0 - The Monied Metropolis: New York City and the Consolidation of the American Bourgeoisie, 1850–1896 Sven Beckert Index More information Index 471 social identity of, 8–9 emerging new business class, 253–260 social integration of economic elites in, ideology of, 281 245–249 marriages of, 246 See also Elites; Upper class national upper-class and expansion of, Bourgeois New Yorkers (1850s) 237–239 accumulation of capital by, 24–36 political power of, 298–301 consumption patterns by, 42–45 public display of wealth by, 257–261 distinct gender roles of, 38–39 relationship to working class by, distinctive characteristics of, 7–8, 40–42 279–288 economic activities of, 20–29 social identity created by, 237, 256–265 expansion of, 29–31 social integration of industrialists/mer- ideology of, 66–77 chants, 242–248 marriages of, 33–35 social networks of, 262–265 photo gallery of, 102ph–107ph structural changes leading to identity place of birth (1855) of, 31 of, 237–242 public institutions/space control by, See also Bourgeois New Yorkers poli- 49–51 tics (1880s/1890s); Manufacturers; sense of stewardship by, 70–71 Mercantile elite social/kinship networks of, 31–36, Bourgeois New Yorkers politics (1850s) 44–45, 55–60 attempts to reassert, 82–83 See also Bourgeois New Yorkers poli- Civil War support by, 115–119 tics (1850s); Manufacturers; Mer- Committee of Seventy supported by, cantile elites 186–187 Bourgeois New Yorkers (1870s) debates on suffrage by, 182–186, accumulation of capital by, 146–154 218–224 average combined real/personal wealth Democratic Party challenge to, 79–80 of, 150f free-labor ideology of, 72–75 blossoming of social life among, municipal politics and eroding, 80–81 154–157 New York Whig Party and, 86–87 elements of social identity of, 207 Republican Party and, 84–85, 86, 88–89 exclusive neighborhoods of, 155–156 slavery issue and, 85–97, 125–135 ideology of, 190–192 through social networks, 81–82 investment diversification of, 153f See also Bourgeois New Yorkers place of birth of, 147f (1850s); Political economy reconciliation with south supported by, Bourgeois New Yorkers politics (1870s) 157–170 debates on suffrage by, 182–186, relationship to working class by, 218–224 175–180, 192–195 declining support for Reconstruction response to depression by, 208–219 by, 224–226, 227–232 See also Bourgeois New Yorkers poli- free-labor ideology of, 158–159 tics (1870s); Manufacturers; Mer- monetary policies supported by, cantile elite 226–227 Bourgeois New Yorkers (1880s/1890s) objectives of, 301–302, 328–329 accumulation of capital by, 241–242, opposition to Radical Republicans by, 248–251 165–169 anti-Semitism of, 265–266, 439n.188 reorientation of reform ideology by, consumption patterns by, 257–261 190–195 declining influence of merchants, response to working class power by, 248–249 175–180 declining influence of NYC manufac- Tammany Hall supporters in, 174–175 turers, 249–253 “taxpayer” ideology of, 227, 229 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-79039-0 - The Monied Metropolis: New York City and the Consolidation of the American Bourgeoisie, 1850–1896 Sven Beckert Index More information 472 Index Bourgeois New Yorkers politics (cont’d.) Building industry See also Bourgeois New Yorkers growth of, 54–55 (1870s); Political economy response to Civil War by, 124–125 Bourgeois New Yorkers politics Building Trades Employers’ Association (1880s/1890s) of the City of New York, 289 ethnic mixing in political organizations Burnham, Thomas B., 263 of, 266–267 “Business man” social identity, 256–257 influence over municipal government Butler, William Allen, 221 by, 315–320 influence over national politics by, Calumet Club, 264 309–315 Cameron, A. S., 194 legitimacy crisis of, 320–322 Capital accumulation relationship between two political during the 1850s, 24–31, 36–38, parties and, 312–313 51–55 tariff vs. economic interest and, 305–308 during the 1870s, 146–154 See also Bourgeois New Yorkers during the 1880s/1890s, 241–245f, (1880s/1890s); Political economy 254 Bowen, Henry C., 93, 129 importance of social/kinship networks Boyd’s New York City Tax Book, to, 31–36, 63 351n.15 industrialists’ free labor ideology on, Bradley, Joseph P., 312 73–74 Bradley Martin ball (1897), 1–2, 14,