PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume 11, Part 2, pp. 153-256 (1981) Entolomasubgenera Entolomaand Allocybe in the Netherlands and adjacentregions with a reconnaissance of their remainingtaxa in Europe M.E. Noordeloos Rijksherbarium, Leiden (With 51 Text-figures) Entoloma subgenera Entoloma and Allocybe are revised on account of personal and studies from various The of observations on collections herbaria. types European taxa, as far as they could be recovered, have been examined. Observations on extralimital taxa are included. The infragenericclassification of Noordeloos(1981)is 51 followed. taxa are recognized, eight ofwhich are new, viz. Entoloma clypeatum f. pallido-griseum, E. clypeatum f. xanthophyllum. E. clypeatum var. defibulatum;E. E. f. leucocarpum, E. myrmecophilum var. atrogaleatum; E. gerriae; sericatum saliciphilum,E. turbidum var. pachylamellatum.Ten new combinations are made, viz. E. clypeatum f. hyhridum, E. politum f. pernitrosum, E. alnobetulae, E. alpicola, E. anthracinum, E. atrosericeum, E. brassicolens, E. chionoderma, E. eximium and E. In subflexipes. Keys, descriptions and plates are given for all species accepted. an appendix insufficiently known taxa are enumerated and shortly discussed. Contents Introduction 154 Material, methods and presentation 154 Acknowledgements 154 Taxonomic part 156 Entoloma subgenus Entoloma 156 Key to the sections and subsections of subgenus Entoloma 156 Synoptical key to the species 157 Section Entoloma 158 Section Nolanidea 166 Section Rhodopolia 183 Subsections: Rhodopolia, 183; Typodochroa, 194 Section Polita : 209 Section Clitopiloides 217 Setion Turfosa 219 Extralimital species 227 Insufficiently known taxa 238 Entoloma subgenus Allocybe 25! References 255 Index 258 153 154 Persooni a Vol. 11. Part 2, 1981 Introduction Fries (1838) erected tribus Entoloma to accomodate the pink-spored agarics with a tricholomatoidhabit. The concept of this taxon was generally accepted by later mycologists, though on differenttaxonomic levels: as a subgenus ofAgaricus by Rabenhorst (1844: 508), as a of and subgenus Rhodophyllus by Quelet (1886: 57) Romagnesi (1974a: 332, 1978: 66) or as a Kummer genus in its own right by (1871: 23) and many later mycologists. In Entoloma the present paper, Entoloma is considered a subgenus of the genus emend. Donk in emended This differs (1948), a narrow, concept (Noordeloos, 1981a: 136). concept from that of Romagnesi (1974a& 1978, I.e.) in the exclusion ofsection Excentrici, which is accommodated in a subgenus of its own, viz. Subgenus Allocybe. MATERIAL, METHODS AND PRESENTATION Most species have been studied in fresh as wellas in driedcondition. Macroscopic descriptions are based on personal observations on fresh material, completed by notes provided by others, Dr. Dr. R. A. Maas Dr. Waveren many of them are supplied by C. Bas, Geesteranus, E. Kits v. and Mr. P. B. Jansen. Unless otherwise stated the colours offresh specimens are comparedwith Munsell Soil Colour Charts, Baltimore. Microscopical structures were observed and measured in water (fresh carpophores) or in a solution in solution under 10% ammonia or ammoniac 1 % Congo Red (dried specimens), usually oilimmersion. Spores, basidia and cystidia were observed and measured in squash preparations of minute parts of the lamellae. Hymenophoraltrama has been examined in transversal sections as well as in squash preparations. The pileipellis has been studied on radial sections, using a standarised method, viz. one section from the middleofthe pileal radiusand one from the centreof the pileus. Pigments were studied on fresh material in radial sections ofthe pileus, mounted in a saturated saltsolution (NaCl) to obtain plasmolysis, and on dried material on sections after boiling in ammonia or KOH. made the aid of Drawings were with of a drawingprisma. The magnification the figures are: 670. carpophores, natural size; spores, x 1000; all other microscopical details, x Unless otherwise stated all material is kept at the Rijksherbarium, Leiden (L). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am to Dr. C. for his studies deeply indepted Bas guidance and encouragement during my in Entoloma which resulted in the Sincere thanks are due to Prof. H. , present paper. Romagnesi, Paris, for generously making available his rich herbarium and notes, and for the instructive discussions we had during my stays in Paris. Prof. Dr. R. Kiihner, Lyon; Prof. Dr. M. Moser, Innsbruck; Dr. E. Kits v. Waveren, Amsterdam; Dr. L. Tjallingii and Mrs. G. J. M. G. Tjallingii- Beukers, Wageningen, and Mr. P. B. Jansen, Breda, are gratefully thanked for making available important herbarium collections. Many members of the Netherlands' Mycological Society Noordeloos: Entoloma subgenera Entoloma ami Allocybe 155 (N.M.V.) supplied me with fresh and dried material, for which I am very much indebted. Withouttheir help this revision would have been far less complete. Grateful acknowledgements are made to the directors of the following herbaria for the loan of material: Nationale Plantentuin Meise Botanical and Herbarium, van Belgie, (BR); Museum Copenhagen (C); Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh (E); Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Geneve (G); Botanical Museum, Helsinki (H); Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K); Botanische Staatssammlung, Munchen (M); Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (PC); NationalMuseum, Praque (PRM); Botanical Museum, Stockholm (S); Institute for Systematic Botany, Uppsala (UPS), and the Herbarium of the Biological Station Dr. W. Beyerinck, Wijster (WBS). I am indebted to the directors of the following institutions for providing working facilities: The HerbariumRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Botanical Institute, Copenhagen; Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Paris; Botanische Staatssammlung, Munchen; Botanical Museum, Oslo, and Botanical Museum, Stockholm. Special help was received from Prof. Dr. J. J. Barkman and EefArnolds, Wijster; Mr. H. Knudsen, Copenhagen; Prof. Dr. H. Hertel and Mr. A. Einhellinger, Munchen; Dr. R. Watling, Edinburgh; Mme. Dr. J. Perreau, Paris; Dr. D. N. Pegler, Kew; Konservator A. E. Torkelsen and Konservator G. Gulden, Oslo; Dr. Z. I Dr. R. A. Maas for Pouzar, Prague. owe many thanks to Geesteranus, Oegstgeest, for the artistic correcting the Latin diagnoses. Ruth vanCrevel, Leiden is gratefully thanked way she arranged the plates and prepared them for printing. Eva van Santen kindly corrected the English text, for which I am very grateful. Hanneke de Wolf and Zonaida Hoek are gratefully thanked for typing out the manuscript. 156 Persoonia Vol. 11, Pari 2, 1981 TAXONOMIC PART ENTOLOMA (Fr.) Kumm. emend. Donk subgenus ENTOLOMA Agaricus trib. Entoloma Fr., Epicr.: 143. 1838. — Agaricus subgenus Entoloma (Fr.) Rabenh., Deutschl. — Kryptog Fl. 1: 508. 1844. — Entoloma (Fr.) Kumm., Fiihr. Pilzk.: 23. 1871. Rhodophyllus subgenus Entoloma (Fr.) Quel., Enchir.: 57. 1886. Hyporrhodius subgenus Entoloma (Fr.) Schroet. in Cohn, KryptogFl. Schles. 3 (1): 616. 1889. — Lectotype (Donk, 1962: 95): Agaricus prunuloides Fr. Agaricus trib. Eccilia Fr., Syst. mycol. 1:10. 1921. — Agaricus subgenus Eccilia (Fr.) Loud., Encyl. PL: 998. 1829. — Eccilia (Fr.) Kumm., Fiihr. Pilzk.: 23. 1871. — Rhodophyllus subgenus Eccilia (Fr.) Quel., Enchir.: 62. 1886. — Hyporrhodius subgenus Eccilia (Fr.) Schroet. in Cohn, KryptogFl. Schles. 3 (1): 613. — 1889. Lectotype (Donk, 1949: 158): Agaricus politus Pers. ex Fr. Rhodophyllus subgenus RomagnesiaSinger in Annls mycol. 41: 13. 1943. — Holotype: R. clypeatus (L. ex Fr.) Quel. Carpophores usually tricholomatoid, rarely collybioid or clitocyboid, mycenoid or omphalioid; pileus usually conico-convex with or without broad umbo, more rarely flattened, cup-shapedor with central depression, hygrophanousor not, smooth or radially fibrillose, never fibrillose-squamulose; lamellae usually deeply emarginate or adnate, rarely adnate- subdecurrent;stipe usually fibrillous-aeriferously striate lengthwise, rarely smooth and polished; sporesoften more or less isodiametrical, with basal facet or blunt dihedralbase; pileipellis a cutis or ixocutis ofcylindrical hyphae, sometimes with ascending, clavate terminal cells, frequently with gelatinised walls. Pigment usually intracellular, rarely membranal or encrusting. Hymenophoral trama and pileitrama regular, made up of chains of relatively short (on the average 40-150 pm long) cylindrical or inflatedcells (cf. chains of sausages); clamp-connections usually present and numerous in all tissues. KEY TO THE SECTIONS AND SUBSECTIONS OF SUBGENUS ENTOLOMA la. Pileus weakly to strongly hygrophanous, often translucently striate, at least at the margin. 2 b. Pileus not hygrophanous; margin usually not striate 7 2a. Vernal often associated with and shrubs; often species, rosaceous trees pileipellis an ixocutis, very with intracellular Section 166 strongly gelatinised, pigment Nolanidea, p. b. Not vernal; pileipellis a cutis, more rarely an ixocutis; pigment intracellular or encrusting . 3 3a. 6-8 5-7 rather in Spores small, x pm, thin-walled, subglobular-multiangled outline, slightly intracellular cyanophilous; pigment exclusively Section Turfosa, p. 219 b. Spores usually distincly larger and with more or less thickened, never cyanophilous walls . 4 4a. Clamp-connectionsabsent; carpophoresclitocyboid;pileusconvexwith depressed toumbilicate centre, striate coarsely radially fibrillose; stipe short, Section Clitopiloides, p. 217 b. Clamp-connections present; carpophores tricholomatoid, collybioid, omphalioid or mycenoid 5 5a. Carpophores omphalioid