ESA and the Moon Bernard H. FOING Chief Scientist & Senior Research Coordinator ESA RSSD/ ESTEC http://sci.esa.int/smart-1/ www.esa.int BHF 2008 Solar System Cassini- C Huygens O Rosetta 04 S M I C ExoMars V Smart 1 Mars Express I S Solar I Chang’E1 Orbiter O Chandrayaan-1 > 2015 N Venus Express 05 BepiColombo 2013 BHF 2008 SMART-1 latest results for future lunar exploration Bernard H. FOING & SMART-1 team http://sci.esa.int/smart-1/ www.esa.int BHF 2008 SMART-1 Mission (http://sci.esa.int/smart-1/) • ESA SMART Programme: Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology – Spacecraft & payload technology demonstration for future cornerstone missions – Management: faster, smarter, better (& harder) – Early opportunity for science SMART-1 Solar Electric Propulsion to the Moon – Test for Bepi Colombo/Solar Orbiter – Mission approved and payload selected 99 – 19 kg payload (delivered August 02) – 370 kg spacecraft – launched Ariane 5 on 27 Sept 03, Kourou – 110 M Eu including launch BHF 2008 Europe to the Moon: spacecraft, launch, operations (ESA+ industry) Instruments PIs + TIs from 5 countries Co-Is from 13 ESA + 6 non European countries BHF 2008 Solar Electric Primary Propulsion: 7 g thrust, 60 liters Xenon to the Moon BHF 2008 SMART-1: With Sun power to the Moon on 60 liters of fuel De la Terre à la Lune (Jules Verne) BHF 2008 Solar Electric Propulsion to the Moon – Launched 27 Sept 2003 as Auxiliary passenger on Ariane 5 into Geostationary Transfer Orbit – Spiral out cruise (13.5 month): – lunar capture 15 November 2004, spiral down – arrival 15 March 05 science (450 -2900 km): commissioned spacecraft/instruments at Moon, nominal science mission March-July 05 – reboosting 2 aug-15 Sept 05 to increase orbit lifetime for extension phase until 3 Sept 2006 BHF 2008 Moon Phase & Mission Extension MISSION EXTENSION Apolune Perilune Moon Radius BHF 2008 Smart-1 Impact LEARNING TO LAND: SMART-1 IMPACT ON THE MOON Courtesy of Mark R Rosiek USGS Astrogeology Team, Planetary Geomatics Group and Dr Anthony C.Cook, School of Computer Science and IT,University of Nottingham, BHF 2008 Our last Moon travelling shot BHF 2008 Technical achievements: Innovative Technologies on Smart-1 Sun SMART-1 light Reflected Sun light KA-band antenna Triple junction solar cells Multicolor microcamera Laser Link Communication X-Ray Spectrometer On-board computer Lithium ion batteries Infrared Spectrometer OBAN Platform Autonomy Technologies Miniaturisation BHF 2008 What shapes rocky planets? Polar regions cratering Bombard ment chronolog y SMART-1 impact Tectonic wrinkles volcanism Prospector H map BHF 2008 SMART-1 view of Hadley Rille (giant lava tube) near Apollo 15 landing site 100 km field BHF 2008 Coupling between impacts and volcanism - Humorum: Multiringed impact basin - Procellarum: Irregular basin - Tectonics of mascon loading Peters et al 2007, 2008 BHF 2008 SMART-1 Clementine From imagination to reality Jules Verne crater: Volcanism in South Pole-Aitken Basin BHF 2008 BHF 2008 SMART-1 results and feed forward (poster session) Despan et al High resolution maps with AMIE /SMART-1 Peters S. et al Future Robotic study of Lunar Basins Borst,Bexkens, Foing Geological and Geochemical study of SPA Basin BHF 2008 50 km SMART-1 Mosaic of North polar region Mapping support to future lunar exploration: landers, rovers and North Pole human bases BHF 2008 Hermite North Pole Rozhdestvenskiy 3D View Reconstruction Plaskett BHF 2008 Earth Lunar South Pole 20 km Shackleton crater Shoemaker deGerlache Amundsen crater (84.5º S, 82.8º E) ZOOM Faustini crater BHF 2008 10 km Amundsen crater BHF 2008 Shackleton crater BHF 2008 Shackleton rim SMART-1 Peak of Light BHF 2008 SMART-1 Peak of Light BHF 2008 BHF 2008 • ESA contribution to Chang’E1 – ESA support to mission – Ground station, control and data reception – SRE, LEX, OPS • ESA contribution to Chandrayaan-1 – SIR2, C1XS, SARA instruments – lessons learned from SMART-1 – ESA support to mission –SRE BHF 2008 LES3 study • Lander station element – Technology survival, operations – Geophysical network – Life sciences/environment • Rover element – Close range mobility 50 m: nanorover – Regional mobility 1-10 km: Exomoon rover – Vertical mobility (penetrating sensors, moles, drill) • Lunar Robotic Challenge • Communication/navigation/survey infrastructure: – Small orbiter with stereo camera and data relay – Exchange/support other international orbiters/landers BHF 2008 Lunar Polar Lander Concept 1) Precise Landing on the Moon 2) Preparation of future exploration & sample fetcher 3) Geochemical study of polar regions 4) Ice Search/ characterisation ¾ Lander station element ¾ Rover element ¾ Robotic challenge ¾ Orbiter and relay infrastructures ¾ Opportunities for Students, education, outreach, cultural, artistic experiments ¾ Part of global robotic village with Chang-E2, Selene 2, and supporting International Lunar Network… BHF 2008 Conceptual design for lunar regional ExoMoon rover inherited from ExoMars BHF 2008 Instruments for Moon landers (100-180 kg): • ELP European Lunar Geophysics package: 15-20 kg – Seismometer, Geodesy and laser , Heat flux, Magnetometer (coordinated with Intl Lunar Network) • Lander instruments: 10 kg – Cameras: Descent, Pan Cam, Stereo, SRC – Local sample analysis (GCMS), permittivity • Life science/environment experiments : 7 kg – Radiation/ environment/planetary protection studies – Melissa bacteria precursor, plants on the Moon • Close proximity Rover: 5 kg – Neutron spectrometer, APX , Close up camera – Electromagnetic sounder, Ground penetrating radar • ExoMoon Regional rover : 120 kg – Navigation and hazards avoidance, inspection cam, – Robotic arm (PAW like), drill and mole , Active seismic, – LIBS, Fluorescence, Thermal IR fluorescence – Dust lifting measurement device, QCM or cube piezo • Lunar robotic challenge to access ice in dark: 15 kg . nanorover, harpoon, impactor, … BHF 2008 Tethered small rovers 4-10 kg BHF 2008 Rock Corer Hong Kong Polytechniq Mössbauer Spectrometer Microscope University of Switzerland, Stereo Mainz, Germany MPEA Germany Camera MSSL, UK Stereo Camera X-Ray Spectrometer Sampling University of Mole Leicester, UK DLR, Germany BHF 2008 PAW Courtesy M. Sims Leicester U. NEXT call for ideas: lunar • Lunar Robotic Sample Return • Materially Self-sufficient Production for a Lunar Colony • Integrated Lunar Demonstration Mission with Landing Science Package (Moon Farside Explorer) • Lunar Sample Return • A European Lunar Scientific and Robotic Lander Mission • Lunar Dust Observatory • Lunar Sample Return Entry and Aerocapture Demonstration Mission (LEAD) • Lunar Sample Return Missions • Direct Lunar Sample Return Mission • Lunar Exploration Lander • Surface Navigation Services • Active Seismic Survey for Planetary Drilling • Teleoperated Lunar Drilling – Exploiting Synergies with the Oil and Gas Exploration Sector • ISRU Demonstration Facility on Lunar Surface • MoonSailor • Lunar Infrastructure For Exploration - Astronomy & Space Science Mission • MoonTwin • Exploration of Lunar Craters at the Moon's South Pole • Landing of an Astrobiological Habitat at the Moon's South Pole • Landing of an Astrobiological Habitat and a Micro-Rover at the Moon's South Pople • Lunar Sample Return BHF 2008 Robotic precursors, Technology developments Defining the path for human return to the Moon Carpenter et al Moon-NEXT mission Visentin, et al ESA’s Lunar Robotics Challenge Walker R. et al European Student Moon Orbiter Hovland S. ESA preparation for Human Exploration Boche-Sauvan et al Constraints on Pre-Design of Minimal Human Lunar Outpost Hufenbach et al NASA-ESA comparative architecture assessment Mongrard et al European architecture for Lunar Exploration Wills, Foing Astrobiology and exposure experiments from the Lunar surface BHF 2008 BHF 2008 European Aurora Programme Roadmap (updated from 2001) NEXT Techno Demo 2013 2015 2020 2025 2035 Mars Sample Return BHF 2008.