Travel in London Report 13 ©Transport for London 2020 All rights reserved. Reproduction permitted for research, private study and internal circulation within an organisation. Extracts may be reproduced provided the source is acknowledged. Disclaimer This publication is intended to provide accurate information. However, Transport for London (TfL) and the authors accept no liability or responsibility for any errors or omissions or for any damage or loss arising from use of the information provided. Overview ...................................................................................................... 7 1. Introduction .................................................................................... 43 1.1 TfL’s Travel in London reports ....................................................................... 43 1.2 Travel in London report 13 ................................................................................ 43 1.3 About Transport for London (TfL) ................................................................. 43 1.4 Further information ........................................................................................... 44 Part 1: Travel in London until the end of 2019/20 .............................. 45 2. Overall travel demand and mode shares ................................. 47 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 47 2.2 London’s population .......................................................................................... 47 2.3 Total travel in London ........................................................................................ 51 2.4 Trips in London ..................................................................................................... 52 2.5 Journey stages in London ................................................................................ 54 2.6 Mode shares in London ..................................................................................... 55 2.7 Active, efficient, sustainable mode shares ................................................ 58 2.8 Travel by London residents: introduction ................................................... 61 2.9 Travel by London residents: trip rates.......................................................... 61 2.10 Travel by London residents: active, efficient and sustainable mode shares .......................................................................................................... 66 3. Healthy Streets and active travel ............................................... 71 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 71 3.2 Travel-related physical activity ....................................................................... 71 3.3 Cycling in London ................................................................................................ 74 3.4 Participation in, and attitudes towards, cycling in London .................. 77 3.5 London’s developing cycle network ............................................................. 78 3.6 Pedestrian activity in central London .......................................................... 78 3.7 Assessing the healthiness of London’s streets ........................................ 80 3.8 Reducing road danger ......................................................................................... 83 3.9 Overall trends for motorised road traffic in London ............................ 92 3.10 Trends in freight traffic ..................................................................................... 95 3.11 Trends in licensed taxis and private hire vehicles traffic ...................... 97 4. A good public transport experience .......................................... 99 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 99 4.2 Recent trends in public transport demand ................................................ 99 4.3 Recent trends in public transport service provision and operational performance ............................................................................... 100 4.4 Overall public transport capacity in relation to demand ................... 100 4.5 Buses .......................................................................................................................102 4.6 London Underground ...................................................................................... 104 4.7 London Overground and TfL Rail ................................................................ 106 1 Travel in London, report 13 4.8 Docklands Light Railway (DLR) ...................................................................... 108 4.9 London Trams ..................................................................................................... 109 4.10 National Rail in London .....................................................................................110 4.11 London River Services ....................................................................................... 114 4.12 Emirates Air Line ................................................................................................. 114 4.13 Public transport: customer safety ............................................................... 114 4.14 Public transport: crime and antisocial behaviour .................................... 115 4.15 Public transport: customer satisfaction and Care .................................. 116 4.16 Impact of physical accessibility on journey times................................... 118 4.17 Public transport: fares and affordability..................................................... 119 5. Improving the environment and supporting London’s growth ............................................................................................. 121 5.1 Improving air quality in London ..................................................................... 121 5.2 Reducing the impact of transport on the environment ....................... 124 5.3 Electrifying London’s vehicle fleet: focus on rapid chargers ............. 126 5.4 Supporting new homes for London ............................................................. 132 Part 2: Impact of coronavirus on travel in London during 2020 ... 135 6 The coronavirus pandemic and travel in London .................. 137 6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 137 6.2 Context to travel and the coronavirus pandemic .................................. 137 6.3 Development of the pandemic ..................................................................... 138 6.4 Impact of coronavirus on the UK and London economy ................... 145 6.5 Typology of the impacts of coronavirus on travel ................................. 151 7 Impacts of the pandemic on travel demand .......................... 153 7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 153 7.2 Overall demand trends on London’s key transport networks .......... 153 7.3 Bus demand and the pandemic ..................................................................... 156 7.4 TfL’s rail services and the pandemic............................................................ 163 7.5 Motorised road travel and the pandemic .................................................. 172 7.6 Cycling and the pandemic ............................................................................... 177 7.7 Walking and the pandemic .............................................................................. 183 7.8 Estimates of relative demand by mode and mode shares .................. 185 8 Developments arising from, and responses to, the pandemic ........................................................................................ 189 8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 189 8.2 The pandemic and air quality ......................................................................... 189 8.3 The pandemic and road danger ..................................................................... 195 8.4 Temporary changes to the Congestion Charge scheme .................... 200 8.5 Streetspace for London .................................................................................. 204 2 Travel in London, report 13 9 Coronavirus and travel behaviour ............................................ 217 9.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 217 9.2 The pandemic and travel behaviour: personal safety ........................... 218 9.3 Travel for work ................................................................................................... 223 9.4 Travel for shopping and leisure .................................................................... 227 9.5 Active travel ........................................................................................................ 233 9.6 Mode choice ........................................................................................................ 238 10 Planning for recovery and potential long-term implications for travel in London .................................................................... 243 10.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................