Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1971 The evelopmeD nt of the English-French, French- English Bilingual Dictionary: a Study in Comparative Lexicography. James David Anderson Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Anderson, James David, "The eD velopment of the English-French, French-English Bilingual Dictionary: a Study in Comparative Lexicography." (1971). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2104. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2104 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I II 11 \ I 72-17,742 ANDERSON, James David, 1935- ; THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH-FRENCH, FRENCH- ENGLISH BILINGUAL DICTIONARY: A STUDY IN COMPARATIVE LEXICOGRAPHY. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1971 'i Language and Literature, linguistics } University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © 1972 JAMES DAVID ANDERSON ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Development of the English-French, French-English Bilingual Dictionary: A Study in Comparative Lexicography A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Foreign Languages by James David Anderson B.A., Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 1957 M.A., The Florida State University, 1959 December 1971 PLEASE NOTE: I Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company Anderson, James David, B.A. Brooklyn College, 1957 M.A.‘, Florida State University, 1959 Doctor of Philosophy, Fall Commencement, 1971 Majors Linguistics; Minors French The Development of the English-French, French-lfriglish Bilingual Dictionary s A Study in Comparative Lexicography Dissertation directed by Professor Mary S. Metz Pages in Dissertation 234-. Words in abstract, 555. f:' i I This study traces the development of the English-French bilingual dictionary from Caxton up to the end of the eighteenth century. Part I, the bio-bibliographical section, is divided into three chapters: ' I' Chapter 1, The Pre-dictionary period and Caxton; Chapter II, The Renaissance; and Chapter III, the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century. Chapter 1 begins with an outline of French usage in England from the time of Edward the Confessor to 1480, the year of Caxton's Vocabulary in French and English. The chapter then reviews the need which prompted the production of word lists in England rather than in France, the early beginnings of the bilingual dictionary in such glossaries as the Leiden and Epinal, the early word lists and vocabu­ laries, and finally Caxton's role as a lexicographer. Chapters II and III contain bio-bibliographical information on the lexicographers under consideration, namely Lucas Harryson, Claude Hollyband (Claude de Sainliens), Randle Cotgrave, Guy Miege, Abel Boyer, Thomas Nugent, and Louis Chambaud. A detailed investigation and evaluation of the first editions of their dictionaries is made in order to establish their contribution to the field of bilingual lexico­ graphy. A facsimile of the title page of each first edition is furnished, along with a discussion of the format of the work and the contents of the preface and preliminaries, where significant to the study./Each work is reviewed in.terms of title, author, editor, year, place ^nd city of publication, dimensions, material, number of pages, number^of entries per page, print type, dedication, number of editions and years, order, pagination, alphabetization, spelling, capitalization, accents, possible sources, guide letters, revisions, type of equiva­ lents and definitions used, range and scope of entries, phonetic » descriptions, verb forms, and consistency. I i i Part II, The Study of the Lexicon, is divided into two chapters: Chapter IV, Nouns; and Chapter V, Verbs. Twenty randomly selected glosses from the bilingual dictionaries under study, and other impor­ tant bilingual and monolingual dictionaries, i.e. Robert Estienne's Dictionnaire francoislatin, Higgins' Huloet *s Dictionarie neweleye corrected, Baret's An Alvearie or Quadruple Dictionarie, Nicot's Thresor de la langue frangoise, Furetiere’s Dictionnaire universel, Richelet 's Nouveau dictionnaire frangois, the Dictionnaire de l'Academie . francaise, and Samuel Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Language, were compared and contrasted. Through the use of the comparative method possible sources were observed, as well as syntactic and semantic developments within the contexts of sentences and phrases in both French and English. The conclusion corroborates data and findings from both parts and suggests areas of possible future investigation. The dissertation is followed by five appendices: Appendix 1, an •\ annotated bibliography of important medieval glosses in manuscript which bear on the development of the bilingual dictionary; Appendix 11, an annotated bibliography of editions and re-editions of English- French, Freni^-English bilingual dictionaries from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, including re-editions extending up to the twentieth century, availability of editions in several U.S. and I European libraries, and call number (where applicable); Appendix 111, a listing of other important works from the sixteenth to the / ‘ eighteenth century, including monolingual English, French, and Latin dictionaries, polyglot dictionaries, English-Latin, French-Latin, Spaiilsh-English, Italian-English mono and bi-directional bilingual dictionaries, and other important works not fitting into the category of dictionary; and Appendix IV, a listing of English-French, French-English bilingual dictionaries from the nineteenth and twentieth century. Other significant works published contem­ poraneously to these are included in Appendix V. \ To my family I wish to extend my sincerest thanks to the members of my committee who so willingly and conscientiously offered their assistance in the preparation of this dissertation. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.................................................. 1 PART I. A BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF THE ENGLISH-FRENCH AND FRENCH-ENGLISH BILINGUAL DICTIONARY TO THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Chapter I. THE PRE-DICTIONARY PERIOD............. .............. 7 William Caxton, 1480 II. THE RENAISSANCE...................................... 34 Lucas Harryson, 1571 Claude Hollyband (Holyband, Holliband, Holiband, alias Claude de Sainliens), 1593 Randle (Randal) Cotgrave, 1611 III. THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES............. 62 Guy Miege, 1677 Abel Boyer, 1699 Thomas Nugent, 1767 Louis Chambaud, 1776 PART II . A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED ENTRIES IV. NOUNS................................................ 118 V. Verbs................................................ 150 CONCLUSION.................................................... 183 APPENDICES.................................................... 186 BIBLIOGRAPHY 229 INTRODUCTION Until Vera Smalley’s The Sources of "A Dictionaire of the French and English Tongues'* by Randle Cot grave was published, the study of French lexicography was sparse. Most of the material was relegated to a few books here and there, and to some articles in journals appearing in the early part of the twentieth century. Charles Beaulieux contri­ buted an article "Liste des dictionnaires anterieurs au Thresor de Nicot (160b)11 in Melange de philologie offerts ja Ferdinand Brunot (Paris, 1904), but this was limited in that it stopped at 1573, just prior to Nicot’s work, and did not contain much information beyond the list. Beaulieux does show, however, that Nicot's Thresor was the first dictionary in the fullest sense of the word, and that the reason for its tardy arrival was because no one had really considered it important enough to bring together all the "richesses de notre langue trop longtemps dedaignee." Bilingual dictionaries were another matter, however. Latin-French, French-Latin, and polyglot dictionaires were more frequent and made their appearance before the monolingual types. The Melanges also included an article by Oscar Bloch ’’Etude sur le dictionnaire de J. Nocot (1606)", but this again was a limited study dealing with the lexical omissions in Nicot’s work. There also appeared three more complete works devoted to individual lexicographers: Edgar E. Brandon's Robert Estienne et le dictionnaire franqais au 18e siecle (Baltimore, 1904), and Maxime Lanusse's De Joanne Nicotio Philologo (Grenoble, 1893) . In La Vie et les Oeuvres de Claude de Sainliens, 2 alias Claudius Holyband (Paris, 1908) Lucy Farrar discusses Holyband as a source for Cotgrave. More numerous studies have been devoted to Cotgrave probably because of his association with Renaissance literary works, as the Cotgrave dictionary enjoyed widespread popularity at the time. Lazare Sainean pointed this out in Les Sources de 1*argot ancien (Paris, 1912) and in La Langue de Rabelais (Paris, 1923). In an article "Les Interpretes de Rabelais en Angleterre et en Allemagne" appearing in the Revue des Etudes Rabelaisiennes, VII,