LIBRARY OF THK University of California. Received ^£.<^ /^K /«9^.. Accession No. 7^ 6'd (o Class No. ^l^ 55-97 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/americansongcollOOsimorich AMERICAN SONG A COLLECTION OF REPRESENTATIVE AMERICAN POEMS, WITH ANALYTICAL AND CRITICAL STUDIES OF THE WRITERS WITH INTRODUCTIONS AND NOTES I BY ARTHUR B. SIMONDS, A.M. Fellow in the Romance Languages at Columbia College iWrT "NIVERSITT Vor^: J) G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK LONDON 27 West Twenty-third Street. 24 Bedford Street^ Strand. Copyright, 1894 BY G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS Entered at Stationers' Hall, London 7 ^ 6"3 4> Electrotyped, Printed and Bound by Ube Knicfterbocftet press, flew ^ocft G. P. Putnam's Sons What is a Poet ? He is a man speaking to men : a man endowed with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness, who has a greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul, than are supposed to be common among mankind. Wordsworth's ''Preface to Lyrical Ballads.''* ; PREFACE. The present volume has two distinct aims. It in- cludes, first, a compilation of American poems (mostly short selections) drawn from the era beginning about the commencement of the century and reaching to the present day. As a compilation, therefore, it may be of interest to the general reader, as well as of special service to a student of literature wishing to acquaint himself readily with types of American poetry. Secondly, the book may, it is hoped, be useful for making an inductive study, both of the chief Ameri- can poets and, less completely, of the other poets from whose writings extracts are taken according to the plan of the volume. The order in critical study should be, first, the single poem ; then the poems of one author, later the poetry of this author's period finally, the consideration of American poetry as a whole. Thus Bryant's composition, Thanatopsis^ is first to be studied, then, by means of successive ex- amination of other poems, a view is to be gained of the whole of Bryant's verse. After Bryant, with in- creasing attention to the comparison of an author's ! VI Preface. poems one with another, Whittier, Emerson, and the other poets of the same group may be studied in a similar way ; and the successive inductions collated and compared to show the poetical worth, as a group, of these " Classics." Around this group may then be viewed and with it compared, after similar but more brief special study, the other groups. At the close, therefore, of such an examination, the student should be prepared to arrive at a just estimate of American poetry in its intimate relations The teacher or the student, who wishes to make his study more thorough, may employ the volume not merely as a text^ but as a hand-book introductory to a careful private reading of the best books on the special fields of the subject. For this purpose, in connection with the introductory sketch to each principal poet, selected bibliographical references are given, directing attention to the works which have seemed to the editor the most effective for rendering each author's personality clear and vivid. Among such references, the editions recommended of the poems may be assumed as first in importance ; then the biographies of the poet ; lastly his prose works. In the bibliographies, which have been made pur- posely brief, magazine articles on the poets have not been given mention. Such articles may, in cer- tain cases, undoubtedly be of service, but dealing as they usually do with complex questions rather than with elementary matters, they need to be used, in the case of beginners, with extreme caution, and should hardly ever be regarded either as authoritative in themselves, or as worthy of complete acceptance for Preface. vH moulding the opinions of any student who has not finished the preHminary groundwork. Good cyclo- pedias, however, will often be found convenient for giving in a brief space the facts of an author's life. In general, the largest public libraries may of course, be used to advantage by students within reach of them. For showing, as a further step, the place of poetry as a part of American thought and literature, Rich- ardson's American Literature (G. P. Putnam's Sons) will be found a trustworthy guide. But even without the opportunities afforded by helps, like these, good work may be done by means of a private collection composed of the works indi- cated. More valuable, however, than anything else is careful choice and attention in respect to what is noble in the spirit of poetry itself. The contents have been divided, also for didactic reasons, into two parts ; and on the same ground, these parts are further subdivided. In Part I. authors who (with one exception) are no longer liv- ing are represented by several poems, and are con- sidered more fully than are the authors in Part II. In the first group, under Part I. are included the authors who, in the general opinion (perhaps in one or two instances in the opinion held by the editor), stand in the front rank ; in the second group are selec- tions from certain other prominent poets who died not long ago. Part II. is made up of poems by other authors, with brief notices prefixed in each case : a plan intended to prevent total ignorance on the part of the student of the writers of the great mass of viii Preface. American poetry, as well as to avoid pronouncing to an unnecessary degree upon the importance of the earlier authors partly forgotten or of contemporary poets who still have a future in which to produce. Of the subdivisions of Part II., the collection of war-ballads, grouped in subdivision II., explains it- self. Between subdivisions I., and III., the following tentative line of demarcation was drawn : poets born before 1820 were placed in subdivision I. ; those after 1820 in subdivision III. While such classifica- tion may appear somewhat arbitrary, it was adopted as a preliminary toward indicating that decided differences exist between early and later American verse. Most of these differences may be more easily felt than defined. One of the principal distinc- tions is perhaps that the former tended to rudeness, the latter to refinement of form. Some exceptions have been made. Certain authors, for instance, who were born before 1820 but who are still living or whose works are comparatively recent, are classed as " Contemporaries." In taking up the present book for study, the group " Classics," which is placed first, will be found as a rule the most convenient to begin upon ; but in this group it may be desirable to omit Poe and Very,* if the book is used for younger classes. At Swords' Points may be taken, without previous * The reasons for the insertion of the poetry of Jones Very in the ' " division entitled ' Classics are given in the separate introduction to Very's poems. That one purpose of the volume is to be useful to readers who are somewhat mature, makes the innovation no indis- cretion at most. My reservation, as in regard to Poe, would suggest the limitation of the experiment. : Preface. ix study, for reading aloud, or for recitation. For purposes of literary study, however, this group as well as the remaining three can to advantage be " " preceded by Classics ; while the last group in Part I., and the last in Part II. had better not be studied critically in class except by the most mature. In the course of the study of American poetry, a treatise on the general subject of poetry, such as Bryant's Lectures on Poetry (found in the first volume of his prose writings), or Wordsworth's Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, can be read to advantage. After the native field has been thoroughly gone over, a modest estimate of the results secured may follow a reading of Leigh Hunt's discussion, ^^ An Answer to the Question * What is Poetry? ' " A patriotic reader will do well to remember, that as Mr. Richardson has finely said, " Though thought cannot die, the life of books and of authors is of minor importance." Acknowledgment must be made to those pub- lishers or others whose courtesy in granting the use of copyrighted material has made this volume possi- ble. Those to whom I am indebted, and the volumes from which the respective works are taken (or the poems themselves), are as follows Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co.: T. B. Aldrich's Poems, Mrs. Elizabeth Akers Allen's The Silver Bridge and Other Poems, Alice and Phoebe Gary's Poems, Miss Cone's Oberon and Puck, and The Ride to the Lady and Other Poems, Cranch's The Bird and the Bell, and Caliban, Preface. Emerson's Poems, and May-Day and Other Pieces^ Bret Harte's Toetical Works, Holmes's Poems, Lucy Larcom's Poems, Longfellow's Poems, Lowell's Poetical Works and Heartease and Rue Parson's Poems, Saxe's Poems, Sill's Poems, Stedman's Poems, Story's Poems, Taylor's Poems, Celia Thaxter's Poems, Edith Thomas's Lyrics and Sonnets^ A New Year's Masque^ and Round the Year, ' Thoreau's The Fishing Boy, Whittier's Poetical Works, Woodberry's North-Shore Watch, and Other Poems, Messrs. D. Appleton & Co.: Bryant's Poems, Halleck's Poems, \y Songs and Ballads the Civil War, f of Songs and Ballads of the Revolution, ^ Messrs. A. C. Armstrong & Son : Poe's Poetical Works. ^ ^. The Baltimore Publishing Co.: Ryan's The Conquered Banner.