Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Project Number: 52167-001 December 2020 Regional: TAPI Gas Pipeline Project (Phase 1) Pakistan: Main (Part 6.6) Prepared by the TAPI Pipeline Company Limited for the Asian Development Bank. This environmental and social impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY C-PAK-TAPI-ESIA-REP-0001-07 CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 09/12/2020 6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 6.6 Socio-economics and Community Health 6.6.1 Overview The objective of this assessment is to determine the potential impacts of the Project on social and economic factors in Affected Communities. In order to measure the influence of the Project on these factors, a socio-economic baseline is presented to establish existing characteristics at a national, provincial, and local level. Affected Communities are defined as those that are likely to experience and be directly and indirectly affected by Project activities, including the construction, commissioning/start-up, operation, and decommissioning of the pipeline, and around potential construction camps, pipe yards, and other AGIs. Based on this definition, a potential PAI has been identified in Chapter 5: Impact Assessment Methodology and is characterized as follows: · Communities located within the 500 m corridor width (250 m on each side of the pipeline ROW or pipe yard); · Within 100 m of an access road for a total width of 200 m; or · Within a 250 m radius of a large AGI (such as pump station, CS, and OS) or construction camp. 6.6.2 Approach to Secondary Baseline Data Collection (Desktop Study) Jacobs conducted a thorough analysis of publicly available information including community resources, infrastructure, demographic data, community characteristics, and governance and administrative data. These secondary sources provide general socio-economic data for the country of Pakistan and the Project-affected provinces and districts. 6.6.3 Approach to Primary Baseline Data Collection (Field Survey) 6.6.3.1 Survey Strategy The social survey was conducted between May and July 2018, consisting of both interviews with interested authorities and community representatives, and a household survey conducted throughout the PAI. All social data gathering activities were conducted by a local team from NAFTEC/MAB’s subcontractor, EMC. Interviews were held with national and provincial authorities and other organizations, including NGOs, to identify and gather baseline information. Where possible, secondary data was requested from district authorities and NGOs operating in the study area, by telephone or email, prior to the commencement of fieldwork so that documentation ESIA_Pakistan_Chapter_6.6_Socio-ecnomics_and_Community_Health Page 6.6-1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY C-PAK-TAPI-ESIA-REP-0001-07 CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 09/12/2020 could be passed to the ESIA Team for review. Where prior requests were not possible, this secondary data was requested during meetings. 6.6.3.2 Survey Locations 6.6.3.2.1 Interviews Interviews were held with national and provincial authorities for the purpose of both stakeholder engagement (see Chapter 12) and data gathering. Provincial authorities responsible for environmental protection, social welfare, and land acquisition were interviewed to prescribe relevant policies and guidelines, review compliance with federal and provincial regulations, provide approvals (where necessary), and provide overall guidance for the Project. Therefore, the involvement of relevant provincial departments from the initial stages and through the study cycle was very important. Moreover, interviews were conducted with the departments concerning environmental protection, social welfare, human rights, women’s development, revenue, forest and wildlife, and agriculture. These meetings also provided an opportunity for the Project team to identify any new relevant regulations or guidelines that must be complied with and further clarification on study areas and methodology for the ESIA and resettlement studies. A total of six interviews were conducted with the provincial departments of Balochistan. This included provincial authorities responsible for environmental protection, women’s development, human rights, forest and wildlife, agriculture, and revenue. Social safeguards staff from NAFTEC/MAB’s subcontractor carried out the interviews with the Departments of Human Rights and Social Welfare. The rest of the interviews were outsourced to experts in Balochistan who have knowledge of the local context. Two interviews were also carried out at the federal level by the same team. Key informant interviews in Punjab were carried out by NAFTEC/MAB’s subcontractor, who were also responsible for community meetings. A total of seven interviews were carried out with the provincial departments responsible for environmental protection, social welfare, human rights, women’s development, forest and wildlife, agriculture, and revenue. During all provincial meetings, a PowerPoint presentation for the Project was delivered and Project briefs were shared. Table 6.6-1 shows the key informant interviews held with stakeholders in each province. ESIA_Pakistan_Chapter_6.6_Socio-ecnomics_and_Community_Health Page 6.6-2 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY C-PAK-TAPI-ESIA-REP-0001-07 CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 09/12/2020 Table 6.6-1: Summary of Meetings with Relevant Provincial Authorities No. Departments Representatives Date Balochistan Province 1 Human Rights Commission Pakistan – Director, Quetta Office 25-05-2018 Balochistan 2 Social Welfare and Special Education Representative 25-05-2018 Department 3 Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency Deputy Director, Assistant Director 14-06-2018 4 Forest and Wildlife – Department Conservator Forest, Conservator Not recorded Government of Balochistan Forest/Wildlife 5 The Agriculture and Cooperative Department Representatives 28-6-2018 Balochistan 6 Board of Revenue, Government of Additional Secretary, Legal Officer, 09-07-2018 Balochistan Settlement Officer Punjab Province 1 Human Rights Commission Pakistan – Deputy Director/ In charge 18-07-2018 Punjab 2 Punjab Women Development Department Section Officer (General) 20-07-2018 3 Punjab Environmental Protection Agency Deputy Director (EIA) 18-07-2018 Assistant Director (EIA), Multan Division Assistant Director (EIA), Dera Ghazi Khan Division Inspector, Sahiwal Division 4 Forest, Wildlife and Fisheries Department Additional Secretary (Technical) 19-07-2018 Section Officer (General) 5 Board of Revenue Punjab Deputy Secretary 19-07-2018 6 Agriculture Department – Government of Deputy Director (Planning & Monitoring) 19-07-2018 Punjab Deputy Director (Technical) Assistant Agriculture Engineer Assistant Agriculture Engineer 7 Social Welfare Department Punjab Deputy Director (Planning) 18-07-2018 Source: NAFTEC/ MAB’s subcontractor, 2018 In Pakistan, NGOs play an important role and are well connected with the local communities. Thus, these NGOs, are well informed of the potential Project-related impacts and issues and, more importantly, provide guidance to mitigate adverse impacts. In order to ensure meaningful stakeholder engagements and consultations with civil society interests, NGOs working at the international, national, and provincial levels were invited to the federal and provincial scoping sessions. In the provincial scoping meeting held in Lahore, a separate provincial scoping session was held with NGOs active in the Project-affected districts. However, in Balochistan, due to the long distances and the difficult road conditions, district-specific meetings were held with local NGOs and community-based organizations active in the Project-affected areas. Meetings with NGOs in Balochistan were held within the following districts: Killa Abdullah, Musa Khel, Pishin, Ziarat, and Loralai. 6.6.3.2.2 Focus Group Discussions Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were held at the village-level in a selected number of villages within the PAI between May and July 2018. In total, 46 FGDs (29 for Punjab and 17 for Balochistan) were held. The main groups included village elders, women, male farmers, and tenants for Punjab, and village elders, women, and male farmers for Balochistan. In Balochistan, the pipeline mostly crosses through tribal areas of Pashtun ESIA_Pakistan_Chapter_6.6_Socio-ecnomics_and_Community_Health Page 6.6-3 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY C-PAK-TAPI-ESIA-REP-0001-07 CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 09/12/2020 tribes that is dominated by trading communities; therefore, FGDs with traders were included for Balochistan. Of the 29 FGDs conducted in Punjab, 7 (24%) were with women; whereas in Balochistan, a total of 6 out of 17 FGDs (35%) were conducted with women since this is considered to be the most vulnerable group. According to the village leaders in the PAI, 5 to 10% households can be categorized as the most vulnerable such as women-headed