CHAPTER 11 11.0 REFERENCES 1. Partab H., 1995, Modern Electrical Traction, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi, India. 2. American Railway Engineering Association, 1993, Manual for Railway Engineering, Chapter 33, Electrical Energy Utilization. 3. Theraja B.L.: Theraja A.K., 1998, A Textbook of Electrical Technology, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi, IJdia. 4. Garg R.K., 1998, Electric Power Utilization, Khanna Publicaions, Delhi, India. 5. Agor R., 1990, Railway Track Engineering, Khanna Publicaions, Delhi, India. 6. Sri Lanka Railway, 2001 , Time Table ln Force Form April2001. 7. RITES (Rail India Technical and Economic Service), 1992, Technical Paper for Railway Electrification... of Colombo Suburban Area. 8. Uppal S.L., 1990, Electrical Power., Khanna Publicaions, Delhi, India. 9. Lecture notes of M.Eng!PG Diploma in Electrical Engineering 1999/2000. 10. Sri Lanka Railway, www. scienceland.lk/railway 11.International Railway Journal, www.railjouranal.com 12.Railway Gazette International, www.railwaygazette.com ·-.. 13. Japanese Railway, www.rtri .or.jp 14.Indian Railway, www.irieen.com 15.Union Carriage and Wagon Company, South Africa, www.ucw.co.za 55 9~ SITXITNNV v-XIQNtlddV ANNEX 1 COLLECTED DATA Average daily (Ohr-24hr) one direction total and peak hours rail passenger traffic flow in Colombo Fort - Kalutara South suburban service. Peak hours km Station - Daily 6.30am- 9 30am 4.OOpm- 7.OOpm - Arr Oep Arr Defi Arr Oep 00. 0 Colombo Fort 5405 - - 5600 10955 - 0 1.7 Kompannavidiya 2590 50 40 2400 5285 100 03. 1 Kollupitiya 2450 50 50 2500 4750 125 05. 1 Bambalapitiya 2320 75 80 2300 4500 150 07. 2 Wellawatta 310 410 400 325 850 950 I 10.0 Dehiwala 250 590 500 200 700 1375 12.2 Mount Lavinia 140 470 450 150 350 950 14.0 Ratmalana 275 525 600 325 525 1225 15.9 An guiana 50 475 500 50 120 925 17 3 Lunawa 75 45(}. 475 75 150 950 18.9 Moratuwa 475 4200 4350 500 1200 9025 20 7 Koralawella ... 40 475 400 75 90 950 22 6 Egoda Uyana 50 425 400 50 125 900 26 2 Panadura 350 4150 4500 400 725 8700 29 5 Pinwatta 25 210 200 225 60 375 32.5 Wadduwa 45 480 450 50 90 875 36. 1 Train Halt No.I 10 160 150 15 25 275 39.9 Kalutara North 25 210 200 30 50 350 41.8 Kalutara South - 1480 1525 - - 2450 Table Al.l - 57 ANNEX 1 Contd .... Average daily (Ohr-24hr) one direction total and peak hours rail passenger traffic flow in Colombo Fort - Polgahawela suburban service. Peak hours km Station Daily 6.30am- 9.30am 4. OOpm-7. OOpm Arr Dep Arr Dep Arr Dep 00 0 Colombo Fort 8200 - - 8200 18160 - 01 9 Mara dana 5135 175 200 5750 10300 375 03 6 Dematagoda 3700 50 60 3250 8100 100 06.9 Kelaniya 175 750 800 175 370 1550 08.7 Wanawasala 50 375 350 I so 100 775 10.0 Hunupitiya 80 450 425 80 175 900 11.7 Enderamulla 70 475 450 70 150 975 14.3 Horape 70 550 525 70 150 1100 15.5 Rag am a 1200 3550 3750 1350 2550 7200 18.1 Walpola 70 380 350 70 150 825 19.1 Batuwatta 60 375 375 60 120 800 20.7 Bulugahagoda 75 350 325 75 150 700 22.5 Ganemulla 170 850 875 170 360 1700 24.3 Yagoda 80 450 410 80 170 900 27.5 Gampaha 475 2750 2725 450 925 5850 29 9 Daraluwa 50 375 450 50 100 850 31 9 Bemmulla 75 42~ 400 75 170 900 34 6 Magalegoda 60 450 425 60 125 900 35.7 Heen-pattigoda - 40 415 425 40 80 850 37 5 Veyangoda 425 2150 2250 475 950 4500 39 3 Wadurawa 60 180 175 50 125 375 416 Keenawala 50 175 175 50 100 400 43.9 Pallewela 50 200 200 50 100 425 46.2 Ganegoda 60 225 225 60 125 475 49.1 Wijaya Rjadahana 50 275 275 50 100 550 50.3 Mirigama 150 950 900 150 375 2100 52. 1 Wilwatta 50 175 180 50 100 350 54.4 Botale 50 125 130 50 100 300 56.2 Ambepussa 175 850 850 150 370 1750 59.9 Yaththalgoda 10 150 150 10 50 325 619 Bujjomuwa 25 175 175 25 1-- 75 375 65.7 Alawwa 100 575 575 100 200 1200 I 69 8 Walakumbura 10 150 175 10 50 350 l 73 8 Polgahawela - 1550 165o I - - 4500 Table A l .2 58 ANNEX 1 Contd .... Average daily (Ohr-24hr) one direction total and peak hours rail passenger traffic flow in Colombo Fort- Homagama suburban service. Peak hours km Station OOpm Daily 6.30am- 9.30am 4. OOpm-7. - Arr Dep Arr Dep Arr Dep 00.0 Colombo Fort 3660 - - /3650 7900 - 01.9 Maradana 2550 50 50 2700 5225 125 03.8 Basline Road 1250 150 150 1300 2700 300 05.4 Cotta Road 50 150 170 50 100 350 07.5 Narahenpita 50 200 175 50 100 375 09.3 Kirillapone 70 225 200 70 150 475 11 .0 Nugegoda 425 1750 1825 475 500 3675 13.4 Udahamulla 80 200 200 80 175 400 15.2 Nawinna 80 175 175 60 175 375 16.4 Maharagama 125 1250 1350 150 225 2575 19 0 Pannipitiya 50 275 275 70 100 625 21 3 Kottawa 75 82~ 850 80 150 1725 ! 22 5 Malapalla 10 175 175 10 25 350 26 5 Homagama - - 950 1000 -- 1875 2100 2t5o I 4300 Table Al.3 -- 59 ANNEX 1 Contd .... Average daily (Ohr-24hr) one direction total and peak hours rail passenger traffic flow in Colombo Fort- Negombo suburban service. Peak hours km Station Daily 6.30am- 9.30am 4.OOpm-7. OOpm t-- Dep Arr Dep Arr - Arr 0~ 00.0 Colombo Fort 3200 - - 3250 5830 - 01.9 Maradana 3035 25 25 3000 5950 50 03.6 Dematagoda 1550 50 50 1600 3050 100 06.9 Kelaniya 100 125 125 50 200 275 08.7 Wanawasala 25 70 70 25 50 160 10.0 Hunupitiya 25 80 80 I 25 50 170 11.7 Enderamulla 25 50 50 25 50 125 14.3 Horape 25 75 75 25 50 150 15.5 Rag am a 925 11 00 1200 1000 1950 2450 17.1 Peralande 50 150 150 50 100 325 18.8 Kandana 50 175 175 50 100 380 20.6 Kapuwatte 50 200 200 50 100 420 22.2 Jaela 175 875 925 150 275 1025 I 23 .9 Tudella 100 375 400 100 225 725 ~ 25.2 Kudahakapola 70 175 200 50 150 400 26.5 Alawathupitiya 60 150 150 60 150 375 I 28.1 Seeduwa 150 62,? 600 175 350 1350 I 30.1 Liyanagemulla 125 450 475 150 325 975 I P Zone .. 400 400 450 425 950 925 Colombo Airport 100 100 100 100 500 500 32.4 Katunayake 150 200 200 175 350 400 35 .3 Kurana 10 250 275 10 100 500 38.9 Negombo - 1450 1500 - - 3025 3250 3070 6050 Table Al.4 -- 60 ANNEX 1 Contd .... Average daily (Ohr-24hr) one direction total and peak hours rail passenger traffic flow in connected Long-Distant trains at starting points of proposed suburban electric train service. Peak hours - km Station 6 30am- 9 30am 4.00pm-7.00pm Daily Arr Dep Arr Dep Arr Dep 73.8 Polgahawela - 2000 2250 - - 7500 41.8 Kalutara South - 4500 4750 - - 9650 26.5 Homagama - 2100 2150 f- - 4300 38.9 Negombo - 3250 3070 - - 6050 Table A1.5 Average peak hours (6.00arn-9.00am or 4.30pm-6.30pm) road passenger traffic flow in selected suburban area.- ... City Passengers Kalutara 4000 Panadura 5000 Moratuwa 6000 Homagama 2000 Kottawa 6000 Nugegada 5000 Polgahawela 2000 Veyangoda 4000 Gampaha 4000 Raga rna 5000 -- Negombo 6000 Katunayaka 4000 Jaela 5000 Table Al.6 61 ANNEX 2 I. T YPICAL SPEED I TIME CURVE ( I ,J) Typical speed/time curve for electric trains o perating o n passenger services is shown in Figure A2. 1. It may be di vided into the fo llowing five parts: .I Speed to tr t2 t3 t~ ts Time Figure A2. 1 .. ·• (a). Constant acceleration period (to to t1) It is also called n otching-up or starting period. S tarting resistance of the motors is gradually cut out so that the motor current (and hence, tracti ve cfTort) is maintained nearly c onstant which produces constant acceleration alternatively called 'rheostatic accelerati on' or acceleration while notching. (b). Acceleration on speed curve (tt to t2) Thi s acceleration commences after the s tariing resistance has beeR all cut­ out at point t1 and full supply voltage has been apphed t o the motors. During thi s period, th e motor current and t orque decrease as train speed in creases. Hence, acceleration gradually decreases till torque developed by motors exactly balances that due to resistance to the t rain motion. The s hape of the potion AB of the speed/time c urve depends primarily o n the torque/speed characteristics of the traction motors. 62 ANNEX 2 Contd .... (c). Free-running period (t2 to t3) The train continues to nm at the speed reached at point t2. It is represented by portion BC in Figure A2.1 and is a constant-speed period, which occurs on level tracks. (d). Coasting (h to t.t) Power to the motors is cut off at point t3 so that the train runs under its momentum, the speed gradually falling due to friction, windage etc.