DRAFT S HORELINE A NALYSIS R EPORT FOR SHORELINES IN KLICKITAT COUNTY Prepared for: Klickitat County 228 W Main Street Goldendale, WA 98620 Prepared by: December 2016 The Watershed Company Reference Number: 121201 Cite this document as: The Watershed Company. December 2016. DRAFT Shoreline Analysis Report for Shorelines in Klickitat County. Prepared for Klickitat County, Klickitat, WA. The Watershed Company Contact Person: Dan Nickel Printed on 30% recycled paper. T ABLE OF C ONTENTS Page # Shoreline Analysis Report .............................................................. 1 Table of Contents ............................................................................. i List of Exhibits ............................................................................... iv Executive Summary ...................................................................... vii Shoreline Analysis Report .............................................................. 1 1 Introduction ............................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Purpose ............................................................................. 1 1.2 Shoreline Jurisdiction .................................................................................. 1 1.2.1 Shorelines of the State .................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Shorelines of Statewide Significance ............................................................ 3 1.3 Study Area ..................................................................................................... 3 2 Summary of Current Regulatory Framework .......................... 4 2.1 Shoreline Management Act .......................................................................... 4 2.2 Local Regulations ......................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Klickitat County Shoreline Master Program and Critical Areas Ordinance5 2.2.2 Other County Regulations .............................................................................. 6 2.2.3 Columbia River Gorge Commission .............................................................. 7 2.3 State Regulations .......................................................................................... 7 2.4 Tribal Regulations ....................................................................................... 10 2.5 Federal Regulations .................................................................................... 10 3 Summary of Ecosystem Conditions ...................................... 13 3.1 Geography, Topography, and Drainage Patterns ..................................... 14 3.1.1 White Salmon (WRIA 29b) ............................................................................. 14 3.1.2 Klickitat (WRIA 30) ......................................................................................... 14 3.1.3 Columbia River .............................................................................................. 16 3.2 Key Species and Habitats ........................................................................... 16 3.2.1 White Salmon (WRIA 29b) ............................................................................. 20 3.2.2 Klickitat (WRIA 30) ......................................................................................... 21 i 3.2.3 Columbia River .............................................................................................. 24 3.3 Land Use and Land Use Changes .............................................................. 25 3.3.1 White Salmon (WRIA 29b) ............................................................................. 25 3.3.2 Klickitat (WRIA 30) ......................................................................................... 27 3.3.3 Columbia River .............................................................................................. 28 4 Shoreline Inventory ................................................................. 30 4.1 Inventory Sources ....................................................................................... 30 4.2 Data Assumptions and Data Gaps ............................................................. 36 4.2.1 Ecological Characterization ......................................................................... 36 4.2.2 Land Use Characterization ........................................................................... 40 4.3 Shoreline Inventory Results ....................................................................... 41 5 Analysis of Ecological Functions .......................................... 42 5.1 Approach, Rationale and Limitations of Functional Analysis .................. 42 5.1.1 Reach Delineation.......................................................................................... 42 5.1.2 Functions and Impairments .......................................................................... 45 5.1.3 Limitations ...................................................................................................... 53 5.2 Results of Functional Analysis .................................................................. 53 5.2.1 White Salmon Watershed ............................................................................. 53 5.2.2 Klickitat Watershed ....................................................................................... 69 5.2.3 Columbia River .............................................................................................. 89 5.3 Restoration Opportunities .......................................................................... 95 5.3.1 White Salmon (WRIA 29b) ............................................................................. 95 5.3.2 Klickitat (WRIA 30) ......................................................................................... 98 5.3.3 Columbia ...................................................................................................... 100 6 Land Use Analysis ................................................................ 102 6.1 Overview .................................................................................................... 102 6.2 Land Use Context: Population ................................................................. 103 6.3 County-wide Zoning and Ownership ....................................................... 104 6.4 Shoreline Permit History .......................................................................... 105 6.5 Shoreline Land Use Analysis by Area ..................................................... 105 6.5.1 Approach and Methodology ....................................................................... 106 6.5.2 White Salmon Watershed ........................................................................... 108 ii 6.5.3 Klickitat Watershed ..................................................................................... 110 6.5.4 Columbia River ............................................................................................ 113 7 Shoreline Management Recommendations ........................ 117 7.1 Environment Designations ....................................................................... 117 7.2 General Policies and Regulations ............................................................ 121 7.2.1 Archaeological and Historic Resources ................................................... 121 7.2.2 Critical Areas ................................................................................................ 121 7.2.3 Flood Hazard Reduction ............................................................................. 121 7.2.4 Public Access .............................................................................................. 122 7.2.5 Shoreline Vegetation Conservation ........................................................... 122 7.2.6 Water Quality, Stormwater, and Nonpoint Pollution ................................ 122 7.3 Shoreline Modification Provisions ........................................................... 123 7.3.1 Shoreline Stabilization ................................................................................ 123 7.3.2 Piers and Docks ........................................................................................... 123 7.3.3 Fill .................................................................................................................. 123 7.3.4 Breakwaters, Jetties, Groins and Weirs .................................................... 124 7.3.5 Dredging and Dredge Material Disposal ................................................... 124 7.3.6 Shoreline Habitat and Natural Systems Enhancement Projects ............ 124 7.4 Shoreline Uses .......................................................................................... 124 7.4.1 Agriculture .................................................................................................... 124 7.4.2 Aquaculture .................................................................................................. 125 7.4.3 Boating Facilities ......................................................................................... 125 7.4.4 Commercial Development .......................................................................... 125 7.4.5 Forest Practices ........................................................................................... 125 7.4.6 Industry ........................................................................................................