TIDONG POWER GENERATION PRIVATE LIMITED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR THIRD UNIT OF 50 MW, HIMACHAL PRADESH DRAFT EIA REPORT WAPCOS LIMITED (A Government of India Undertaking) 76 C, Sector 18, Gurugram - 122015, Haryana, INDIA Tel. +91-124-2397396, email: [email protected] MARCH 2020 CONTENTS Tidong Power Generation Pvt. Limited EIA Study Report for Third Unit of 50 MW CONTENTS CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General 1-1 1.2 Project Background 1-1 1.3 Need for the Project 1-5 1.4 Project Location 1-5 1.5 Status of Clearances 1-8 1.6 Proposed Project 1-8 1.7 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 1-9 1.8 Scope of the EIA Study 1-10 1.9 Stages in the EIA Study 1-10 1.10 Outline of the Report 1-12 CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 General 2-1 2.2 Proposed Project 2-1 2.2.1 Diversion works 2-1 2.2.2 Head Regulator 2-2 2.2.3 Desilting Basin 2-2 2.2.4 Reservoir 2-2 2.2.5 Head Race Tunnel 2-3 2.2.6 Surge Shaft 2-3 2.2.7 Valve House 2-3 2.2.8 Pressure Shaft 2-4 2.2.9 Power House Complex 2-4 2.2.10 Tail Race Channel 2-5 2.2.11 Transmission system 2-5 2.2.12 Power Benefits 2-5 2.3 Salient Features 2-5 2.4 Project Cost 2-10 2.5 Financial Aspects 2-11 2.6 Construction Period 2-11 CHAPTER-3 DESCRIPCTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.1 General 3-1 3.2 Study Area 3-1 3.3 Scoping Matrix 3-3 3.4 Data Collection 3-5 3.4.1 Physico-Chemical Aspects 3-5 3.4.2 Ecological Aspects 3-7 3.4.3 Socio-Economic Aspects 3-8 3.4.4 Summary of Data Collection 3-8 3.5 Baseline Status-Socio-Economic Aspects 3-9 3.5.1 Geology 3-9 3.5.2 Seismicity 3-10 3.5.3 Hydrology 3-11 WAPCOS Limited i Tidong Power Generation Pvt. Limited EIA Study Report for Third Unit of 50 MW 3.5.4 meterology 3-13 3.5.5 Land use pattern 3-17 3.5.6 Soil 3-20 3.5.7 Water Quality 3-23 3.5.8 Ambient Air Quality 3-31 3.5.9 Noise Environment 3-39 3.6 Baseline Status for Ecological Aspects 3-43 3.6.1 Forest Types and Vegetation Composition 3-43 3.6.2 Field Studies 3-45 3.6.3 Floristic survey and quantitative analysis of vegetation 3-46 3.6.4 Diversity Index 3-48 3.6.4 Shannon Index 3-48 3.6.6 Dominance Index 3-48 3.6.7 Buzas and Gibson’s evenness index 3-49 3.6.8 Floristic Composition 3-49 3.6.9 Quantitative Analysis of floristics present at various sampling sites 3-54 3.6.10 Density of Plant Species 3-77 3.6.11 Diversity Index 3-79 3.6.12 Lower Plant Diversity 3-81 3.6.13 Threatened Status of Plant 3-81 3.6.14 Medicinal Plants 3-84 3.6.15 Collection of Fodder 3-85 3.7 Terrestrial Fauna 3-85 3.7.1 Mammals 3-85 3.7.2 Avifauna 3-87 3.7.3 Herpetofauna (Reptiles- Snakes & Lizards) 3-88 3.7.4 Butterflies 3-89 3.8 Aquatic Ecology 3-89 3.8.1 Methodology Adopted for Aquatic Ecology 3-90 3.8.2 Tidong stream morphology and basin characterization 3-92 3.8.3 Planktons 3-95 3.8.4 Periphytons 3-99 3.8.5 Zooplanktons 3-101 3.8.6 Benthos Invertebrates 3-103 3.8.7 Aquatic Macrophytes 3-105 3.8.8 Fish Composition and Diversity 3-106 3.8.9 Fisheries Potential and Economics 3-108 3.9 Baseline Status-Socio Economic Aspects 3-108 3.9.1 General 3-108 3.9.2 Demographic Profile 3-108 3.9.3 Caste Profile 3-110 3.9.4 Literacy Level 3-111 3.9.5 Occupational Profile 3-112 3.9.6 Amenities and Facilities in Villages (Census 2011) 3-114 CHAPTER-4 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 General 4-1 4.2 Impacts on water environment 4-3 WAPCOS Limited ii Tidong Power Generation Pvt. Limited EIA Study Report for Third Unit of 50 MW 4.2.1 Water Quality 4-3 4.2.2 Sediments 4-6 4.2.3 Water Resources and Downstream Users 4-6 4.3 Impacts on Air Environment 4-7 4.4 Impacts on Noise Environment 4-11 4.5 Impacts on Land Environment 4-16 4.6 Impacts on Biological Environment 4-21 4.6.1 Impacts on Terrestrial Flora 4-21 4.6.2 Impacts on Terrestrial Fauna 4-22 4.6.3 Impacts on Aquatic Fauna 4-24 4.7 Increased Incidence of Water-Related Diseases 4-24 4.7.1 Increased Incidence of Water-Related Diseases 4-24 4.7.2 Aggregation of Labour 4-26 4.7.3 Excavations 4-26 4.8 Impacts on Social Environment 4-27 4.8.1 Impacts During Construction Phase 4-27 4.8.2 Impacts During Operation Phase 4-28 CHAPTER -5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 General 5-1 CHAPTER – 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 6.1 The Need 6-1 6.2 Environmental Monitoring for Phase-I of Tidong HEP 6-1 6.3 Water Quality 6-2 6.4 Air Quality and Meteorology 6-3 6.5 Noise 6-3 6.6 Ecology 6-3 6.7 Aquatic Ecology and Fisheries 6-4 6.8 Incidence of Water-Related Diseases 6-4 6.9 Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme 6-4 6.10 Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Proramme 6-5 CHAPTER-7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 Corporate Environmental Responsibility Plan 7-1 7.2.1 Upgradation of Educational Facilities 7-2 7.2.2 Scholarships for Students 7-2 7.2.3 Improvement of Public Health Facilites 7-3 7.2.4 Budget for CERP 7-4 7.3 Local Area Development Plan 7-4 7.3.1 Definition and Declaration of PAF, PAA & PAZ 7-5 7.3.2 Local Area Development Committee (LADC) 7-5 7.3.3 Parameter for Allocation of Fund 7-6 7.3.4 Allocation of Funds under Project Affected Zone (PAZ) 7-6 7.3.5 Status of LADP of Approved EIA Study 7-7 7.4 Status on Ongoing Community Development Initiatives by TPGL 7-7 WAPCOS Limited iii Tidong Power Generation Pvt. Limited EIA Study Report for Third Unit of 50 MW 7.5 Corporate Social Responsibility 7-9 7.6 Disaster Management Plan 7-10 CHAPTER-8 PROJECT BENEFITS 8.1 General 8-1 8.2 Benefits during Construction Phase 8-1 8.3 Benefits during Operation Phase 8-2 CHAPTER-9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS CHAPTER-10 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 10.1 Introduction 10-1 10.2 Compensatory Afforestation and Biodiversity Conservation Plan 10-6 10.2.1 Impacts on Forests 10-6 10.2.2 Compensatory Afforestation 10-6 10.3 Catchment Area Treatment Plan 10-6 10.4 Fisheries Management Plan 10-11 10.4.1 Fisheries Status 10-11 10.4.2 Provision of minimum flow 10-11 10.5 Environmental Management in Labour Camps 10-11 10.5.1 Amenities in Labour Camps 10-11 10.5.2 Solid Waste Management 10-13 10.5.3 Facilities provided for staff and labours in labour camps 10-14 10.5.4 Details of PPEs provided to labours 10-15 10.6 Restoration and Landscaping of Construction Sites 10-15 10.7 Greenbelt Development Plan 10-16 10.8 Cost Estimate 10-17 10.8.1 Cost for Implementing Environment Management Plan 10-17 CHAPTER-11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 11.1 Introduction 11-1 11.2 Conclusions 11-2 CHAPTER-12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS INVOLVED IN THE EIA STUDY WAPCOS Limited iv Tidong Power Generation Pvt. Limited EIA Study Report for Third Unit of 50 MW LIST OF FIGURES Figure-3.1: Study Area Map 3-2 Figure-3.2: Seismic Zonning Map 3-11 Figure-3.3: Flow Duration Curve of Tidong Khad 3-13 Figure-3.4: Month wise variation of maximum and minimum temperature in 3-14 Project area district Figure-3.5: Month wise rainfall received and no. of rainy days in the project 3-15 area district Figure-3.6: Month wise variations in humidity in project area district 3-15 Figure-3.7: Satellite Imagery (FCC) of the of the Study Area 3-18 Figure 3.8: Classified Image of the Study Area 3-19 Figure-3.9: Soil Sampling Stations 3-21 Figure-3.10: Water sampling locations 3-24 Figure- 3.11: Ambient Air Quality sampling locations 3-32 Figure- 3.12: Noise sampling locations 3-42 Figure-3.13: Habit-wise seasonal variation in floristic composition at Tidong HE 3-54 project in July-August 2019 season Figure-3.14: Graphical analysis of floristic diversity at study sites at Tidong HE 3-54 project in July-August 2019 season Figure-3.15: Graphical analysis of tree density at different study area of 3-78 Tidong HEP Figure-3.16: Graphical analysis of Shrub density at different study area of 3-78 Tidong HEP Figure-3.17: Graphical analysis of Herb density at different study area of 3-78 Tidong HEP Figure -3.18: Graphical analysis of Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index at 3-80 different study area of Tidong HE project Figure -3.19: Graphical analysis of Dominance Diversity Index at different study 3-80 area of Tidong HE project Figure -3.20: Graphical analysis of Evenness Diversity Index at different study 3-81 area of Tidong HE project Figure-3.21: Demographic Profile of the study Area 3-109 Figure-3.22: Caste Profile of study Area 3-111 Figure-3.23: Literacy Profile of the study Area 3-112 Figure-3.24: Occupational Profile of the study Area 3-113 WAPCOS Limited v Tidong Power Generation Pvt.