International Journal of Pharmaceutics & Drug Research ISSN: 2347-6346 Available online at http://ijpdr.com Original Research Article STUDY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF BARLERIA PRIONITIS Dr. Roli Shukla* Department of Chemistry Govt. MLB, Bhopal (M.P.) ABSTRACT *Correspondence Info: The objectives of this study are to screen the phytochemicals, estimate the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and determine the antioxidant capacity of the Barleria prionitis flower. Barleria prionitis is a famous Dr. Roli Shukla perennial plant commonly known as porcupine flower or Vajradanti. It is a shrub with yellow flowers and two flat seeds shielded with matted hairs, Professor, Depatment of inhabit most parts of India. Various parts of the plant such as leaves, roots, Chemistry, Govt. MLB aerial parts, flowers, and stems are used in the traditional system of medicine. College, Bhopal(M. P.) Conventionally, various infusions are prepared using the plant parts and utilized for the treatment of different kinds of diseases. The hydro alcoholic Email: [email protected] extract of flower of Barleria prionitis was studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Alkaloid, Glycosides, phenols and flavonoids.. Ascorbic acid used as standards was also evaluated *Article History: for comparison. The extract showed dose dependent free radical scavenging property in the tested models. Barleria prionitis flower extract showed Received: 18/10/2019 IC50 value 51.32μg/ml for DPPH method, which was comparable to that of Revised: 27/10/2019 ascorbic acid (IC50=18.01μg/ml). The present study describes the Accepted: 07/12/2019 phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Barleria prionitis which will further used for medicinal applications. Keywords: Barleria prionitis, phytochemical, Antioxidant activity. INTRODUCTION neurological conditions, obesity, emphysema, Throughout the human body, free radicals or cirrhosis, atherosclerosis, arthritis, etc. extremely reactive oxygen species are (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1984; Maxwell, produced by exogenous chemicals or 1995). Antioxidants are the compounds which endogenous metabolic processes. They can terminate the attack of free radicals and thus oxidize bio-molecules from nucleic acids, reduce the risk of these disorders (Rice-Evans enzymes, lipids and DNA and may induce et al., 1996). With the aid of enzymes such as multiple degenerative diseases such as super-oxide dismutase, catalase, and International Journal of Pharmaceutics & Drug Research; 2019; 7 (2): 73-78 Shukla et. al / Study of Phytochemical test and in vitro antioxidant potential of Hydroalcoholic extract of Barleria prionitis antioxidant compounds viz, almost all (Singh et al., 2003). Hence Present organisms are protected to some extent by investigation deals with Phytochemical free radical disruption. Ascorbic acid, screening and antioxidant potential of tocopherol, phenolic acids, polyphenols, hydroalcoholic extract of Barleria prionitis. flavonoids, and glutathione (Prior and Cao MATERIAL AND METHOD 1992), indicated that antioxidant supplements Plant material or dietary antioxidants protect against the The flower of Barleria prionitiswere harmful effects of free radicals. Presently, collected from Vindhya herbal Bhopal, much attention has been focused on the use of (M.P.). Plant material (flowers) selected for natural antioxidants to protect the human the study were washed thoroughly under body especially brain tissues from the running tap water and then were rinsed in oxidative damage caused by free radicals. In distilled water; they were allowed to dry for last two decades, several medicinal plants some time at room temperature. Then the have shown such effectiveness through the plant material was shade dried without any traditional methods of psychoneuro contamination for about 3 to 4 weeks. Dried pharmacology (Dhawan, 1995). Keeping this plant material was grinded using electronic in view, the present study has been conducted grinder. Powdered plant material was to evaluate the comparative antioxidant observed for their colour, odour, taste and activity of Barleria prionitis which are texture. Dried plant material was packed in air traditionally well known for their various tight container and stored for phytochemical activities. Barleria prionitis L. (Acanthaceae) and biological studies. is one of the important annual shrub, which is native to tropical areas of East Africa and Asia Chemical reagents (India and Sri Lanka), and in South Africa also. The plant has been found abundantly in All the chemicals used in this study were term of present phytoconstituents and obtained from Hi Media Laboratories Pvt. secondary metabolites (Sunil et al., 2010). Ltd. (Mumbai, India), Sigma-Aldrich Beside this the Barleria prionitis have also Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, WI, USA), SD been found effective against many ailments Fine-Chem. Ltd. (Mumbai, India) and SRL and have been reported with anti-fertility Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India).All the chemicals (Pramod et al., 2005), anti-inflammatory International Journal of Pharmaceutics & Drug Research; 2019; 7 (2), 73-78 Shukla et. al / Study of Phytochemical test and in vitro antioxidant potential of Hydroalcoholic extract of Barleria prionitis and solvent used in this study were of Afolayan, 2011). Stock solution (6 mg in analytical grade. 100ml methanol) was prepared such that 1.5 Defatting of plant material ml of it in 1.5 ml of methanol gave an initial Powdered bark of Barleria prionitis was absorbance. Decrease in the absorbance in shade dried at room temperature. The shade presence of sample extract at different dried plant material was coarsely powdered concentration (10- 100 µg/ml) was noted after and subjected to extraction with petroleum 15 minutes. 1.5 ml of DPPH solution was ether using maceration method. The taken and volume made till 3 ml with extraction was continued till the defatting of methanol, absorbance was taken immediately the material had taken place. at 517 nm for control reading. 1.5 ml of DPPH Extraction by maceration process and 1.5 ml of the test sample of different 50gm of dried plant material were concentration were put in a series of exhaustively extracted with Hydroalcoholic volumetric flasks. Absorbance at zero time solvent (ethanol: water: 80:20) using was taken for each concentration. Final maceration method. The extracts were decrease in absorbance was noted of DPPH evaporated above their boiling points and with the sample at different concentration stored in an air tight container free from any after 15 minutes at 517 nm. The percentage contamination until it was used. Finally the inhibition of free radical DPPH was percentage yields were calculated of the dried calculated from the following equation: extracts. % inhibition = [(absorbance of control - Phytochemical screening of the extract absorbance of sample)/absorbance of control] The extract of Barleria prionitiswas subjected × 100%. to qualitative analysis for the various Results and discussions phytoconstituents like alkaloids, The percentage yields of Pet ether and carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, hydroalcoholic extract obtained from saponins, tannins, proteins, amino acids and Barleria prionitis are depicted in the Table 2. flavonoids (Roopashree et al., 2008). Preliminary phytochemical studies of the DPPH free radical scavenging assay extract were done according to the published DPPH scavenging activity was measured by standard methods. DPPH radical scavenging the spectrophotometer with slightly assay measured hydrogen donating nature of modification of method (Olufunmiso and extracts. Under DPPH radical scavenging International Journal of Pharmaceutics & Drug Research; 2019; 7 (2), 73-78 Shukla et. al / Study of Phytochemical test and in vitro antioxidant potential of Hydroalcoholic extract of Barleria prionitis activity the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of Barleria prionitis hydroalcoholic bark extract was found to be Table 2 Phytochemical screening of extract of Barleria prionitis 60.22μg/ml as compared to that of ascorbic S. Constituents Hydroalcoholic acid (17.68μg/ml). A dose dependent activity No. extract of Flower of with respect to concentration was observed Barleria prionitis Table 3. Extracts was capable of scavenging 1. Alkaloids A) Wagner’s hydrogen peroxide in an amount dependent +Ve Test: +Ve manner at all the tested concentrations. B) Hager’s Test: Hydrogen peroxide itself is a rather weak 2. Glycosides oxidant and most organic compounds (except A) Legal’s Test: +Ve 3. Flavonoids for some sulfur containing molecules) are A) Lead acetate +Ve virtually inert to attack by it at ordinary Test: -Ve B) Alkaline environmental or cellular concentrations and Reagent Test: temperatures. In the presence of reduced 4. Saponins A) Froth Test: transition metal ions, however, hydrogen -Ve 5. Phenolics peroxide is converted to the much more A) Ferric +Ve reactive oxidant, hydroxyl radical in the cells Chloride Test: 6. Proteins and by Fenton reaction. Besides this, studies have Amino Acids +Ve shown that other transition metals such as A) Xanthoproteic copper (I), cobalt ( II) and nickel (II) also take Test: part in the process. Thus, the removing is very 7. Carbohydrate A) Fehling’s +Ve important for antioxidant defense in cell or Test: food systems. 8. Diterpenes A) Copper -Ve Table 1 % Yield of barks