People, Land and Water This page intentionally left blank People, Land and Water Participatory Development Communication for Natural Resource Management Edited by Guy Bessette International Development Research Centre Ottawa • Cairo • Dakar • Montevideo • Nairobi • New Delhi • Singapore EAR THSCAN London • Sterling, VA First published in the UK, USA and Canada in 2006 by Earthscan and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Copyright © 2006, IDRC All rights reserved ISBN: 1-84407-343-2 hardback 978-1-84407-343-6 hardback Typesetting by JS Typesetting Ltd, Porthcawl, Mid Glamorgan Printed and bound in the UK by TJ International Ltd, Padstow Cover design by Mike Fell For a full list of publications please contact: Earthscan 8–12 Camden High Street London, NW1 0JH, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7387 8558 Fax: +44 (0)20 7387 8998 Email: [email protected] Web: www.earthscan.co.uk 22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166-2012, USA Earthscan publishes in association with the International Institute for Environment and Development IDRC publishes an e-book edition of People, Land and Water (ISBN: 1-55250-224-4) For further information, please contact: International Development Research Centre PO Box 8500 Ottawa, ON Canada K1G 3H9 Email: [email protected] Web: www.idrc.ca IDRC is a Canadian public corporation that works in close collaboration with researchers from the developing world with the aim of building healthier, more equitable and more prosperous societies. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data People, land, and water : participatory development communication for natural resource management / edited by Guy Bessette. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-1-84407-344-3 (hardback) ISBN-10: 1-84407-344-0 (hardback) 1. Natural resources–Management. 2. Communication in economic development. I. Bessette, Guy, 1952– HC85.P46 2006 333.701'4–dc22 2006002676 The paper used for the text of this book is FSC certified. FSC (The Forest Stewardship Council) is an international network to promote responsible management of the world’s forests. Printed on totally chlorine-free paper Contents List of Figures, Tables and Boxes ix List of Contributors x Foreword by Nora Cruz Quebral xiv Preface xvi Acknowledgements xviii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xix I Introduction 1 Facilitating Dialogue, Learning and Participation in Natural Resource Management 3 Guy Bessette II Regional Perspectives 33 Participatory Development Communication: An Asian Perspective 35 Nora Cruz Quebral Participatory Development Communication: An African Perspective 41 S. T. Kwame Boafo III Participatory Development Communication in Action 49 The Old Woman and the Martins: Participatory Communication and Local Knowledge in Mali 51 N’Golo Diarra Introducing Participatory Development Communication within Existing Initiatives: A Case from Egypt 57 Rawya El Dabi Goats, Cherry Trees and Videotapes: Participatory Development Communication for Natural Resource Management in Semi-Arid Lebanon 62 Shadi Hamadeh, Mona Haidar, Rami Zurayk, Michelle Obeid and Corinne Dick From Resource-Poor Users to Natural Resource Managers: A Case from West Java 68 Amri Jahi vi People, Land and Water Participatory Research and Water Resource Management: Implementing the Communicative Catchment Approach in Malawi 76 Meya Kalindekafe Communication Across Cultures and Languages in Cambodia 84 Lun Kimhy and Sours Pinreak Talking with Decision-Makers in North-Eastern Cambodia: Participatory Development Communication as an Evaluation Tool 89 Lun Kimhy From Rio to the Sahel: Combating Desertification 94 Ahmadou Sankaré and Yacouba Konaté Engaging the Most Disadvantaged Groups in Local Development: A Case from Viet Nam 106 Le Van An Conserving Biodiversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: The Challenge of Participation 115 Pierre Mumbu The Word that Quenches Their Thirst: Rural Media and Participatory Development Communication in Burkina Faso 122 Souleymane Ouattara and Kadiatou Ouattara Growing Bananas in Uganda: Reaping the Fruit of Participatory Development Communication 129 Nora Naiboka Odoi Giving West African Women a Voice in Natural Resource Management and Policies 136 Rosalie Ouoba Water: A Source of Conflict, a Source of Cohesion in Burkina Faso 146 Karidia Sanon and Souleymane Ouattara Experimenting with Participatory Development Communication in West Africa 153 Fatoumata Sow and Awa Adjibade Strategic Communication in Community-Based Fisheries and Forestry: A Case from Cambodia 158 Jakob S. Thompson Contents vii Paving the Way for Creating Space in Local Forest Management in the Philippines 168 Cleofe S. Torres IV Communication Tools and Participatory Approaches 173 Communication Tools in the Hands of Ugandan Farmers 175 Nora Naiboka Odoi From Information to Communication in Burkina Faso: The Brave New World of Radio 181 Souleymane Ouattara and Kadiatou Ouattara And Our ‘Perk’ Was a Crocodile: Radio Ada and Participatory Natural Resource Management in Obane, Ghana 191 Kofi Larweh Burkina Faso: When Farm Wives Take to the Stage 197 Diaboado Jacques Thiamobiga How the Parley Is Saving Villages in Burkina Faso 207 Diaboado Jacques Thiamobiga V Collaborative Learning in Participatory Development for Natural Resource Management 215 Forging Links between Research and Development in the Sahel: The Missing Link 217 Claude Adandedjan and Amadou Niang Isang Bagsak South-East Asia: Towards Institutionalizing a Capacity-Building and Networking Programme in Participatory Development Communication for Natural Resource Management 221 Maria-Celeste H. Cadiz and Lourdes Margarita A. Caballero Implementing Isang Bagsak in East and Southern Africa 230 Chris Kamlongera and Jones Kaumba Reflections on Participatory Development and Related Capacity- Building Needs in Egypt and the Arab Region 240 Waad El Hadidy Implementing Isang Bagsak: Community-Based Coastal Resource Management in Central Viet Nam 249 Madeline Baguio Quiamco viii People, Land and Water Building Communication Capacity for Natural Resource Management in Cambodia 257 Jakob S. Thompson and Mario Acunzo Implementing Isang Bagsak: A Window to the World for the Custodians of the Philippine Forest 264 Theresa H. Velasco, Luningning A. Matulac and Vicenta P. de Guzman VI Conclusion 271 Facilitating Participatory Group Processes: Reflections on the Participatory Development Communication Experiments 273 Chin Saik Yoon Selected Readings 286 C. V. Rajasunderam Index 304 List of Figures, Tables and Boxes Figures 3.1 Livelihood system analysis 85 3.2 Framework for analysing the collected information 89 Tables 3.1 Communication challenges and strategies 81 6.1 Availability of tools and methods for participatory development communication processes 273 Boxes 6.1 Key participatory development communication processes 265 List of Contributors Mario Acunzo is a communication for development officer at the Exten- sion, Education and Communication Service of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Rome. Claude Adandedjan is a senior education fellow at the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), Sahel programme. Awa Adjibade is a sociologist currently based in Lomé, Togo. Madeline Baguio Quiamco is an assistant professor at the College for Development Communication of the University of the Philippines, Los Baños. Guy Bessette is a senior programme specialist at the International Develop- ment Research Centre in Ottawa. S. T. Kwame Boafo is Chief, Executive Office, Communication and Informa- tion Sector of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Maria Celeste Cadiz is Dean and Associate Professor at the College of Development Communication of the University of the Philippines, Los Baños. Rawya El Dabi works for the International Development Research Centre’s Partnership and Business Development Division in Cairo. N’Golo Diarra is a researcher and trainer at the Centre de Services de Production Audiovisuelle (CESPA) in Mali. Corinne Dick is at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon. Vicenta P. de Guzman is the Executive Director of the Legal Assistance Centre for Indigenous Filipinos (PANLIPO) in the Philippines. Waad El Hadidy is a programme manager at the Centre for Development Services in Egypt. List of Contributors xi Mona Haidar is a researcher at the Environment and Sustainable Develop- ment Unit at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon. Shadi Hamadeh is a professor of animal sciences and is currently leading the Environment and Sustainable Development Unit at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon. Amri Jahi is a senior lecturer and researcher at Bogor Agricultural University in Indonesia. Meya Kalindekafe is a senior lecturer in ecology at the University of Malawi. Chris Kamlongera is the Director of the SADC Centre of Communication for Development. Jones Kaumba is a senior communication for development trainer at the SADC Centre of Communication for Development. Lun Kimhy is the Deputy Provincial Programme Adviser of the Partnership for Local Governance in Ratanakiri, Cambodia. Yacouba Konaté passed away in 2003. At the time of his death, he was the coordinator of a participatory development communication project at the Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS). Kofi Larweh is the Station Coordinator of Radio Ada, in Ghana. Lourdes Margarita A. Caballero is a research associate at the College of Development Communication of