This dissertation has been 65-5611 microfilmed exactly as received BASICS, Walter Vladimir, 1927- ASSIMILATION OF YUGOSLAVS IN FRANKLIN COUNTY, OHIO. The Ohio State University, Ph. D ., 1964 Sociology, race question University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Copyright by- Walter Vladimir Babies 1965 ASSIMILATION OF YUGOSLAVS IN FRANKLIN œUNTï, OHIO DISSERTATION Presented In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Walter Vladimir Babies, B.A., M.A. The Ohio S tate U niversity 1964 Approved by J j j , ^ Adviser Q Department of Sociology and Anthropology r ACKNOWLEDGMENIS The present study went through three stagest the planning stage, the interview stage, and the stage of analysis and writing. Professors Brewton Berry, Robert P. Bullook, and Christen T, Jonassen assisted during the planning stage. I am indebted to the seventy-five respondents for 'Uieir contri­ bution. Among the respondents were friends without whose assistance the interviews could not have been completed. I wish to thank e sp ecially Dr. Thomas G. Eynon who a ssiste d me during the analysis and writing phase of the work. Dr. Eynon unstint- ingly gave of his time and for this, I am profoundly grateful. Finally, my gratitude to Ruth, who encouraged her husband!s éducation before his first credit-hour of college. i i VITA August 19, 1927 Born - Johnstown, Pennsylvania 1956 . B.A., Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 1956-1957 Graduate Assistant, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 1957 . M.A., Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 1957-1960 Assistant, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The % io S tate U niversity, Columbus, Ohio 1960-1962 Assistant Instructor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The %io State University, Colunbus, Ohio 1962-1964 . Instructor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field : Sociology Studies in Sociological Theory. Professors Kurt Wolff and Roscoe 0. Hinkle Studies in Raoe and Ethnic Relations. Professor Brewton Berry Studies in Methodology. Professors Raymond F. Sletto and Robert P. Bullock Studies in Marriage and Family. Professor Merton D. Oyler Studies in Social Organization. Professors John F. Cuber and R ussell R. Dynes i i i CONTENTS Page AQQiCMLEDGMENTS............................. i l VITA ............................................................................... i l l TABLES............ .............................................................................................................. V Chapter I . INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF THE YUGOSLAVS.................................. 1 Yugoslav Diversity Reasons for anigrating History of Immigration to the United States Yugoslavs in the United States I I . EXAMINATION OF THE ASSIMILATION CONCEPT................................. 20 I I I . THE STUDY OF YUGOSLAV ASSIMILATION IN FRANKLIN COUNTY, OHIO................................................. 30 IV. FINDINGS.................................................................................................... 39 General Charaeteristios of the Three Ethnlo Categories Assimilation Differences between Serbs, Croats, and Maoedons Findings Relative to General Hypotheses about Assimilation Comparison of Findings with Previous Studies V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND INTERPRETATION................................. 58 APPENDIX A. RELEVANT TABLES.................................................................................. 68 B. THE INDEX OF ASSIMILATION SCALE.................................................. 121 C. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE............................................................................... 125 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... 131 Iv TABLES T atle Page 1. Yugoslavian Emigration and Emigration, 1931*1937 . • • 14 2. Census of Foreign Born Yugoslavs, 1920-1960 15 3. Foreign Born Yugoslavs by S tates .................................................... 16 4. Foreign Born Yugoslavs in Urban Places of 10,000 or More in O h io ........................................................................................ 19 5* Median and Mean Index of Assimilation Scores with Significant t-Test Values for Serbs, Croats, and M aoedons................................................................................................ 50 6 . Direction of Differences among Serbs, Croats, and Maoedons on the Eight Assimilation Eidex Items ..... 52 7. Mean Assimilation Scores for Selected Ethnic Groups . 56 8 . Age of Yugoslavs........................................................................... 69 9 . Age on Entry to the United S ta te s ..................................... 70 10. Year of Arrival in the United S tates................................. 71 11. Republic of B irth ....................................................................... 72 12. Population of Community of Origin .................... 73 1 3 . Population of Community of O rig in..................................... 74 14. Relative or Friends in United States before Arrival . 74 1 5 . Source of Help during Emigration.......................................... 75 1 6 . Help Given to Other Yugoslavs during Their Emigration . 75 1 7 . Communicative Ties with Country of Origin ................ 76 1 8 . Marital Status ................................................................................... 76 1 9 . Years of Marriage ............................................................................... 77 20. Nativity of W ife........................................................................... ?8 V TABLES (Contd.) Table Page 21. Number of Children .................. 78 22. Relatives in the Uni ted States during Time of Interview . 79 23. Present Religious Affiliation ................................. 79 24. Occupation in Native Land of Serbs, Croats, and Maoedons . 80 23. Occupation in Native Land of S erbians...................................... 80 26. Occupation in Native Land of Croatians...................................... 81 27. Occupation in Native Land of Maoecvnians.................................. 81 28. Main Ooeupation Since Arrival in the United States .... 82 29 . Present Occupation............................................................................... 82 30. Neighborhood Location ...................................................... 83 31. Spoken-Engli sh Language A b i l i t y ................................. 83 32. Education in the United States ............................ 84 33. Home Ownership....................................................................................... 84 34. Preferred Folkways .................................... 83 33* Organizational Memberships ............................................................... , 83 36. Weekly Income Classified by under and over Sixty Dollars . 86 37 . Weekly Income by Twenty-dollar Intervals ................................. 8? 38 . Highest Year of Education ............................................................... 88 39* Discrimination Experienced in the United S ta te s ................. 88 40. Wife's Employment............................................................................... 89 41. Group's Preference for Other Groups .......................................... 89 42. Reasons for Emigration ................................................................... 90 43. Aspects of American Life Liked Best by Yugoslavs................. 90 v i TABLES (Contd.) Table Page 44. Major Problems In Adjusting to American L ife ........................... 91 45. Comparison of Living Conditions in Yugoslavia and United States .................................................................................... 91 46. Motivation for Movement to Columbus........................................... 92 47. Plaoe of Residence Prior to Columbus ........................................ 92 48. Years Lived Elsewhere before Columbus .................................... 93 49 . Years Lived in Columbus.................................................................. 94 5 0. Inter-group Differences................... 95 51. Index of Assimilation (IJl.) S cores ......................................... 96 52. Assimilation Indices of Serbian Interviewees .......................... 97 53. Assimilation Indices of Croatian Interview ees...................... 98 54. Assimilation Indices of Macedonian Interview ees................. 99 35* Median, Quartile, Mean, Standard Deviation, and Standard Error for Index of Assimilation Scores Classified by Ethnic Category ............................................................................ 100 36. English-proficiency D ifferences................... 100 37. Education Differences ...................................................................... 101 33. Naturalization-status Differences .... ............................. 101 39 . Property-ownership Differences...................................................... 102 60. Friendship Differences ....................................................................... 102 61. Folkway D ifferences ........................................................................... 103 62. Organiz&tion-membership D ifferences ......................................... 103 Ô3 . Weekly Earning D iffe re n c e s .................... 104 64. I.A. Scores Classified by Urbanity .............................................