To protect the rights of the author(s) and publisher we inform you that this PDF is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the author(s), editor(s), reviewer(s), Elsevier and typesetter Toppan Best-set. It is not allowed to publish this proof online or in print. This proof copy is the copyright property of the publisher and is confidential until formal publication. Contributors Gary W. Abrams, MD Michael T. Andreoli, MD Jean Bennett, MD, PhD Director, Ligon Research Center of Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellow Professor Vision Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary Co-Director of Center for Advanced Professor, Ophthalmology Department of Ophthalmology and Retinal and Ocular Therapeutics Kresge Eye Institute Visual Sciences University of Illinois, (CAROT) Wayne State University Chicago Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Detroit, MI, USA Chicago, IL, USA Eye Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Armin R. Afshar, MD, MBA Karen R. Armbrust, MD, PhD Pennsylvania Perelman School of Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology Clinical Fellow Medicine University of California, San Francisco National Eye Institute Philadelphia, PA, USA San Francisco, CA, USA National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA Cagri G. Besirli, MD, PhD Aniruddha Agarwal, MD Assistant Professor Clinical Research Fellow, Ocular Mary E. Aronow, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Imaging Reading and Research Center Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology Visual Sciences (OIRRC) Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University of Michigan Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine Ann Arbor, MI, USA University of Nebraska Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA Omaha, NE, USA Angela Bessette, MD Mathew W. Aschbrenner, MD Medical Retina and Uveitis Fellow Anita Agarwal, MD Vitreoretinal surgeon Cole Eye Institute Professor of Ophthalmology Eye Clinic of Wisconsin Cleveland Clinic Retina, Vitreous & Uvea Wausau, WI, USA Cleveland, OH, USA Vanderbilt Eye Institute Marcos Ávila, MD, PhD Vanderbilt University School of Susanne Binder Head Professor Medicine Professor Department of Ophthalmology Nashville, TN, USA Department of Ophthalmology Federal University of Goias Rudolph Foundation Hospital Lloyd M. Aiello, MD Goiania, GO, Brazil (Rudolfstiftung) Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology G. W. Aylward, FRCOphth, FRCS, MD Vienna, Austria Harvard Medical School Consultant Ophthalmologist Director Emeritus, Beetham Eye Alan Bird Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center Emeritus Professor Moorfields Eye Hospital Boston, MA, USA Department of Ophthalmic Genetics London, UK Institute of Ophthalmology Lloyd Paul Aiello, MD, PhD, FARVO Angela N. Baldwin, MD University College London Director, Beetham Eye Institute Clinical Research Fellow London, UK Professor of Ophthalmology University of California Berkeley Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Barbara A. Blodi, MD Berkeley, CA, USA Medical School Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Boston, MA, USA Andrew J. Baldwin, MD Sciences Ophthalmology Resident University of Wisconsin School of Daniel M. Albert, MD Truhlsen Eye Institute Medicine and Public Health Founding Director, UW McPherson Eye University of Nebraska Medical Center Madison, WI, USA Research Institute Omaha, NE, USA F.A. Davis Professor, Department of Mark S. Blumenkranz Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Rubens Belfort, Jr. H.J. Smead Professor of Ophthalmology University of Wisconsin-Madison Head Professor of Ophthalmology Stanford University School of Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Ophthalmology Palo Alto, CA, USA Madison, WI, USA Federal University of São Paulo H. Culver Boldt São Paulo, Brazil Carlos Alexandre de Amorim Garcia Professor of Ophthalmology Filho, MD Department of Ophthalmology Retina Specialist University of Iowa Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Iowa City, IA, USA Do Norte Durga S. Borkar, MD Natal, RN, Brazil Ophthalmology Resident Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA i Schachat_1975_List of Contributors_main.indd 1 8/4/2016 7:14:53 PM To protect the rights of the author(s) and publisher we inform you that this PDF is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the author(s), editor(s), reviewer(s), Elsevier and typesetter Toppan Best-set. It is not allowed to publish this proof online or in print. This proof copy is the copyright property of the publisher and is confidential until formal publication. ii Contributors Norbert Bornfeld Gary C. Brown, MD, MBA Usha Chakravarthy, MD Zentrum für Augenheilkunde Professor of Ophthalmology Professor of Ophthalmology and Vision Universitätsklinikum Essen Wills Eye Hospital Science Essen Jefferson Medical University Queens University of Belfast Germany Philadelphia, PA, USA Consultant in Ophthalmology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust Ferdinando Bottoni Melissa M. Brown, MD, MN, MBA Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK Staff Member Professor of Ophthalmology Eye Clinic Wills Eye Hospital Helen Chan, MBBS (Hons) Department of Clinical Science Luigi Jefferson Medical University Ophthalmology Registrar Sacco Philadelphia, PA, USA Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Sacco Hospital, University of Milan Melbourne, Australia Simor Brunner Milan, Italy Professor of Ophthalmology Steven Charles Michael E. Boulton, PhD Department of Ophthalmology Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology Professor Rudolph Foundation Hospital University of Tennessee Department of Ophthalmology (Rudolfstiftung) College of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Vienna, Austria Memphis, TN, USA Indianapolis, IN, USA Christopher K. H. Burris, MD David G. Charteris, MD Sara J. Bowne, PhD Ophthalmic Pathology Fellow Professor of Ophthalmology Faculty Associate Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Ophthalmology Human Genetics Center, Visual Sciences Consultant Vitreoretinal Surgeon School of Public Health and Ruiz University of Wisconsin-Madison Moorfields Eye Hospital Deptartment of Ophthalmology School of Medicine and Public Health London UK The University of Texas Health Science Madison, WI, USA Jeannie Chen, PhD Center Ronald A. Bush Professor Houston, TX, USA Staff Scientist Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute Christopher J. Brady, MD Section on Translational Research on Departments of Cell & Neurobiology Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology Retinal and Macular Degeneration and Ophthalmology Retina Division – Wilmer Eye Institute National Institute of Deafness and Keck School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Other Communication Disorders University of Southern California Medicine and Hospital National Institutes of Health Los Angeles, CA, USA Baltimore, MD, USA Bethesda, MD, USA Carol Yim-lui Cheung, PhD Milam Brantley Dingcai Cao, PhD Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Associate Professor Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Vanderbilt Eye Institute Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Vanderbilt University University of Illinois at Chicago Hong Kong Nashville, TN, USA Chicago, IL, USA Emily Y. Chew, MD Neil M. Bressler, MD Antonio Capone, Jr., MD Deputy Director of Division of The James P. Gills Professor of Associated Retinal Consultants Epidemiology and Clinical Ophthalmology William Beaumont Hospital Applications The Wilmer Eye Institute Royal Oak, MI, USA Deputy Clinical Director Johns Hopkins University National Eye Institute/National David Carruthers, PhD, FRCP Baltimore, MD, USA Institutes of Health Consultant Rheumatologist Bethesda, MD, USA Susan B. Bressler, MD Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals The Julia G. Levy Professor of NHS Trust, Michael F. Chiang Ophthalmology Birmingham, UK Knowles Professor The Wilmer Eye Institute Honorary Senior Lecturer in Departments of Ophthalmology & Johns Hopkins University Rheumatology Medical Informatics and Clinical Baltimore, MD, USA Institute of Inflammation and Ageing Epidemiology University of Birmingham Casey Eye Institute Andreas Bringmann, PhD Birmingham, UK Oregon Health & Science University Associate Professor Portland, OR, USA Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Jerry D. Cavallerano, OD, PhD Hospital Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Dennis O. Clegg University of Leipzig Faculty of Harvard Medical School Professor Medicine Staff Optometrist Wilcox Family Chair in Biomedicine Leipzig, Germany Beetham Eye Institute Center for Stem Cell Biology and Joslin Diabetes Center Engineering, Molecular, Cellular, and Dan Brinton Boston, MA, USA Developmental Biology Assistant Clinical Professor University of California, Santa Barbara Department of Ophthalmology Santa Barbara, CA, USA University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA Schachat_1975_List of Contributors_main.indd 2 8/4/2016 7:14:53 PM To protect the rights of the author(s) and publisher we inform you that this PDF is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the author(s), editor(s), reviewer(s), Elsevier and typesetter Toppan Best-set. It is not allowed to publish this proof online or in print. This proof copy is the copyright property of the publisher and is confidential until formal publication. Contributors iii Ian J. Constable, FRANZCO, FRCSE, Mathew D. Davis, MD Diana V. Do, MD D Sc (hon) Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology Vice Chair for Education Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Professor of Ophthalmology Lions Eye Institute University of Wisconsin Director of the Carl Camras Center for University