Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Decommissioning Requirements Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change Document No.: 800785-CAMO-R-06 Issue: C, Status: FINAL Date: 17 May 2016 IMPORTANT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER 1. This document is intended for the sole use of the Customer as detailed on the front page of this document to whom the document is addressed and who has entered into a written agreement with the Supplier issuing this document (“Supplier” or “DNV GL”) and the Ontario Public Service. 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Page ii Report title: Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm DNV GL - Energy Decommissioning Requirements Renewables Advisory Customer: Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate 4100 Molson Street, Suite 100 Change Montreal, Quebec, H1Y 3N1 Standards Development Branch Tel: (514) 272-2175 7th Floor, 40 St. Clair Avenue West Enterprise No.: 860480037 Toronto, Ontario, M4V 1M2 Contact person: Larry Smet Date of issue: 17 May 2016 Project No.: 800785 Document No.: 800785-CAMO-R-06 Issue/Status C/FINAL Task and objective: • To collect and present an international overview of offshore structures decommissioning requirements, regulations, and costs, focusing on the type of structures used in or relevant to offshore wind; • To design likely scenarios for offshore wind decommissioning in Ontario’s fresh water lakes; and • To develop cost estimates to inform requirements for decommissioning and financial assurance requirements for future offshore wind power plants in the Great Lakes. Prepared by: Verified by: Approved by: Gillian Smith, Senior Engineer, Offshore Chris Garrett, Senior Engineer, Offshore Chris Elkinton, Offshore Technical Lead Wind Projects Wind Projects Michael Drunsic, Offshore Commercial Lead John Harrison, Offshore Logistics Paul Reynolds, Senior Consultant Dariush Faghani, Senior Engineer Arlene Whitmore, Project Manager, Due Diligence ☐ Strictly Confidential Keywords: ☐ Private and Confidential Offshore, Decommissioning, Offshore Wind, Great ☐ Commercial in Confidence Lakes, Cost, Regulation, Financial Assurance ☐ DNV GL only ☒ Customer’s Discretion ☐ Published © 2016 GL Garrad Hassan Canada Inc.. All rights reserved. Reference to part of this report which may lead to misinterpretation is not permissible. Issue Date Reason for Issue Prepared by Verified by Approved by A 24 March 2016 Full report draft G. Smith, C. Garrett, C. Elkinton M. Drunsic, J. Harrison, P. Reynolds, D. Faghani A. Whitmore B 22 April 2016 Addressed MOECC comments G. Smith D. Faghani C. Elkinton C 17 May 2016 Addressed MOECC comments G. Smith D. Faghani GL Garrad Hassan Canada Inc. Page iii Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... XII 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Background ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Scope ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Report organization ..................................................................................................................... 6 2 OFFSHORE WIND FARMS – AN OVERVIEW ........................................................................................ 7 2.1 Chapter introduction .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Offshore wind farm technology...................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Wind turbines ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.4 Wind turbine foundations ............................................................................................................12 2.5 Offshore cabling .........................................................................................................................29 2.6 Offshore substations and support structures ..................................................................................32 2.7 Onshore substations and cabling ..................................................................................................35 2.8 Other elements ..........................................................................................................................36 2.9 Chapter summary.......................................................................................................................38 3 OTHER OFFSHORE INFRASTRUCTURE ..............................................................................................39 3.1 Chapter introduction ...................................................................................................................39 3.2 Offshore oil and gas ....................................................................................................................39 3.3 Other marine structures ..............................................................................................................56 3.4 Installations in ice-infested waters ................................................................................................64 3.5 Chapter summary.......................................................................................................................68 4 JURISDICTIONAL AND LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................69 4.1 Chapter introduction ...................................................................................................................69 4.2 Introduction to key decommissioning terms ...................................................................................69 4.3 International regulation ...............................................................................................................70 4.4 United Kingdom .........................................................................................................................73 4.5 Denmark ...................................................................................................................................79