DEAD SEA SCROLLS, REVISE AND REPEAT Press SBL EARLY JUDAISM AND ITS LITERATURE Rodney A. Werline, General Editor Editorial Board: Randall D. Chesnutt Kelley N. Coblentz Bautch Maxine L. Grossman Carol Newsom Number 52 Press SBL DEAD SEA SCROLLS, REVISE AND REPEAT New Methods and Perspectives Edited by Carmen Palmer, Andrew R. Krause, Eileen Schuller, and John Screnock Press SBL Atlanta Copyright © 2020 by Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Palmer, Carmen, editor. | Krause, Andrew R., editor. | Schuller, Eileen M., 1946– editor. | Screnock, John, editor. Title: Dead Sea Scrolls, revise and repeat : new methods and perspectives / edited by Carmen Palmer, Andrew R. Krause, Eileen Schuller, and John Screnock. Description: Atlanta : SBL Press, [2020] | Series: Early Judaism and its literature; 52 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019059604 (print) | LCCN 2019059605 (ebook) | ISBN 9781628372731 (paperback) | ISBN 9780884144359 (hardback) | ISBN 9780884144366 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Dead Sea scrolls. | Qumran community. Classification: LCC BM487 .D44977 2020 (print) | LCC BM487 (ebook) | DDC 296.1/55—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019059604 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019059605 Press SBL Contents Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................vii Abbreviations ....................................................................................................ix Introduction: New Approaches to Old Questions Andrew R. Krause, Carmen Palmer, and John Screnock ......................1 Part 1. Law, Language, and Literary Formation Rule Texts from Qumran on the Spectrum of Jewish Legal Development Sarianna Metso .........................................................................................23 A Legal Approach to Textual Authority at Qumran: The Penal Codes as a Test Case Jonathan Vroom .......................................................................................35 Assessing the Character of Hebrew in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Historical Linguistics, Numerical Syntax, and the Notion of a Distinct Dead Sea Scrolls Hebrew John Screnock ...........................................................................................59 Variant Readings in the Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls: A Tool for Ongoing Research on the Textual Status and Linguistic Settings of Ancient Jewish Aramaic Literature Andrew B. Perrin and Brandon DiggensPress ..............................................93 Isaiah at Qumran and in the Gospel of Matthew Kyung S. Baek .........................................................................................119 Part 2. Space and Time The Threat of the Monstrous in the Scrolls Heather MacumberSBL ................................................................................ 145 vi Contents Sectarian Identity and Angels Associated with Israel: A Comparison of Daniel 7–12 with 1QS, 11QMelchizedek, and 1QM Matthew L. Walsh ...................................................................................169 Function and Creativity in the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Cryptic Calendars from Qumran Helen R. Jacobus .....................................................................................199 Spirits of Controversy in My Bodily Structures: Spatiality of Body and Community in Qumran Apotropaic Prayers Andrew R. Krause ..................................................................................251 Part 3. The Body Sexuality and Self-Deprecation in the Thanksgiving Psalms: Questions of Celibacy and the Presence of Women in the Yaḥad Nicholas Meyer .......................................................................................279 Masculinities and the Men of the Qumran Communities: Reevaluating the Ideals of Purification, Power, and Performance in the Dead Sea Scrolls Jessica M. Keady .....................................................................................305 Circumcision of the Heart in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the Second Temple Period: Spiritual, Moral, and Ethnic Carmen Palmer.......................................................................................327 Experiencing the Solidity of Spaces in the Qumran Hodayot Angela Kim Harkins ..............................................................................353 Contributors ...................................................................................................373 Ancient Sources Index ..................................................................................Press 379 Author Index ..................................................................................................397 SBL Acknowledgments Many of the chapters in this volume began as papers at two special ses- sions held at the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies in May 2016 and 2017. We would like to extend thanks to the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies for including these sessions and to all our colleagues who attended and provided insightful feedback. This volume was inspired, in part, by the desire to foster further conversation and collegiality among the schol- ars working with the Dead Sea Scrolls and beyond. We would also like to thank all our colleagues who contributed chapters to this volume, the contents of which explore new methods, reassess former conclusions with creativity and insight, and offer a multitude of ideas to spark fur- ther thought and consideration. We are grateful to Eileen Schuller for her guidance, mentorship, and insight shared throughout the compilation of the volume. We are also grateful to Nicole L. Tilford, of SBL Press, and Rodney Werline, editor of the series Early Judaism and Its Literature, for all their assistance in improving and bringing this volume to completion. May the conversations begun in this volume continue to be revised and rewritten in the days and years ahead. Press SBL-vii - Press SBL Abbreviations Dead Sea Scrolls 1Q8 Isaiahb 1Q19 Noah 1Q20 Genesis Apocryphon 1Q21 Testament of Levi or Aramaic Levi Document 1Q23 Enoch, Giantsa 1Q24 Enoch, Giantsb? 1Q26 Instruction 1Q27 Mysteries 1Q32 New Jerusalem 1Q71 Daniela 1Q72 Danielb 1QapGen Genesis Apocryphon 1QHa Hodayota or Thanksgiving Hymnsa 1QM Milḥamah or War Scroll 1QpHab Pesher Habakkuk 1QS Serekh ha-Yaḥad or Rule of the Community 2Q24 New Jerusalem 2Q26 Enoch, Giants 364-DCT 364-Day Calendar Traditions 3Q4 Pesher Isaiah Press 3Q14 Unclassified fragments 3Q15 Copper Scroll 4Q2 Genesisb 4Q7 Genesisg 4Q10 Genesisk 4Q55 Isaiaha 4Q56 Isaiahb SBL-ix - x Abbreviations 4Q57 Isaiahc 4Q58 Isaiahd 4Q59 Isaiahe 4Q60 Isaiahf 4Q61 Isaiahg 4Q62 Isaiahh 4Q63 Isaiahj 4Q64 Isaiahk 4Q65 Isaiahl 4Q66 Isaiahm 4Q67 Isaiahn 4Q68 Isaiaho 4Q69 Isaiahp 4Q69a Isaiahq 4Q69b Isaiahr 4Q159 Ordinancesa 4Q161 Pesher Isaiaha 4Q162 Pesher Isaiahb 4Q163 Pesher Isaiahc 4Q164 Pesher Isaiahd 4Q165 Pesher Isaiahe 4Q169 Pesher Nahum 4Q174 Florilegium, also Midrash on Eschatologya 4Q176 Tanḥumim 4Q177 Catena A, also Midrash on Eschatologyb 4Q184 Wiles of the Wicked Woman 4Q186 Horoscope 4Q196 Tobita 4Q197 Tobitb 4Q198 Tobitc 4Q199 Tobitd 4Q201 Enocha Press 4Q202 Enochb 4Q203 Enoch, Giantsa 4Q204 Enochc 4Q205 Enochd 4Q206 Enoche 4Q207 Enochf 4Q208 SBLEnoch, astronomical booksa Abbreviations xi 4Q209 Enoch, astronomical booksb 4Q210 Enoch, astronomical booksc 4Q211 Enoch, astronomical booksd 4Q212 Enochg 4Q213 Levia 4Q213a Levib 4Q213b Levic 4Q214 Levid 4Q214a Levie 4Q214b Levif 4Q216 Jubileesa 4Q217 Jubileesb? 4Q218 Jubileesc 4Q219 Jubileesd 4Q220 Jubileese 4Q221 Jubileesf 4Q222 Jubileesg 4Q223 Jubileesh 4Q246 Apocryphon of Daniel 4Q251 Halakha A 4Q252 Commentary on Genesis A 4Q256 Serekh ha-Yaḥadb or Rule of the Communityb 4Q258 Serekh ha-Yaḥadd or Rule of the Communityd 4Q259 Serekh ha-Yaḥade or Rule of the Communitye 4Q261 Serekh ha-Yaḥadg or Rule of the Communityg 4Q265 Miscellaneous Rules 4Q266 Damascus Documenta 4Q267 Damascus Documentb 4Q269 Damascus Documentd 4Q270 Damascus Documente 4Q274 Toḥorot A 4Q285 Sefer ha-Milḥamah Press 4Q286 Berakhota 4Q287 Berakhotb 4Q288 Berakhotc 4Q289 Berakhotd 4Q290 Berakhote 4Q299 Mysteriesa 4Q300 SBLMysteriesb xii Abbreviations 4Q301 Mysteriesc? 4Q317 Cryptic A Phases of the Moon 4Q318 Zodiology and Brontology 4Q319 Otot 4Q320 Calendrical Document Mishmarot A 4Q321 Calendrical Document Mishmarot B 4Q321a Calendrical Document Mishmarot C 4Q322 Mishmarot A 4Q324 Mishmarot C 4Q325 Calendrical Document Mishmarot D 4Q332 Historical Text D 4Q334 Ordo 4Q364 Reworked Pentateuchb or 4QPentateuchb 4Q365 Reworked Pentateuchc or 4QPentateuchc 4Q385 Pseudo-Ezekiela 4Q394 Miqṣat Maʿaśê ha-Toraha 4Q400 Shirot ʿOlat Hashabbata or Songs of the Sabbath Sacrificea 4Q401 Shirot ʿOlat Hashabbatb or Songs of the Sabbath Sacrificeb 4Q403 Shirot ʿOlat Hashabbatd or Songs of the Sabbath Sacrificed 4Q405 Shirot ʿOlat Hashabbatf or Songs of the Sabbath Sacrificef 4Q415 Instructiona 4Q416 Instructionb 4Q417 Instructionc 4Q418 Instructiond 4Q418a Instructione 4Q434 Barkhi Nafshia 4Q435 Barkhi Nafshib 4Q436