THE REPRESENTATION OF MEXICAN CULTURES IN THE ANIMATION FILM THE BOOK OF LIFE A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfillment to the Requirements For The Degree of Strata One (S1) Fahmi Ali Iqbal. 1110026000041 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2017 ABSTRACT Fahmi Ali Iqbal, NIM: 1110026000041, The Representation of Mexican Culture in The Animation Film The Book of Life. Thesis: English Language and Literature Department, Letters and Humanities Faculty of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta 2017. The unit analysis of this research is The Book of Life (2014) film directed by Jorge R. Gutierrez. The research focuses on the representation of Mexican cultures in the animation film The Book of Life. This thesis uses qualitative descriptive analysis as the method to analyze Mexican cultures through the film. All data are collected from the dialogues and the pictures of the film. The purpose of this research is to know and understand the Mexican cultures by using the representation concept of Stuart Hall. The research emphasizes on the representation of Mexican cultures in the film. The Book of Life (2014) film is one of several Hollywood films that represent Mexican cultures in the film. As the results, Mexican cultures shown in the film are Mexican histories, Mexican mythology, social tradition, Mexican House design, El Dia de Los Muertos or the day of the dead, Matador or Bullfighter, Mariachi, and Mexican clothes. Finally, the film successfully represent Mexican cultures by stereotypically describe Mexican cultures. Therefore, the film can help to understand and explain some Mexican Cultures. i APPROVEMENT THE REPRESENTATION OF MEXICAN CULTURES IN THE ANIMATION FILM OF THE BOOK OF LIFE A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One FAHMI ALI IQBAL NIM. 1110026000041 Approved by: Advisor Maria Ulfa, M.A., M.Hum. NIP. 19821219 201503 2002 (Day/Date: ) ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA ii 2017 iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Jakarta, March 2017 Fahmi Ali Iqbal iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirrahmaninrrahim. In the name of Allah, the beneficent and the merciful god, may peace and blessing of Allah be upon all of us. Praise being to Allah SWT and peace and blessing be upon the great human leader our prophet Muhammad SAW and all of followers. I would like to give the most appreciation and many thanks to Allah SWT. Finally I could finish this thesis to gain the Degree of undergraduate of English Language and Literature Department in the Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta. This paper is presented to English Language and Literature Department of Adab and Humanities faculty UIN Jakarta as partial fulfillment of the requirement for undergraduate degree. I would like to express the highest gratitude to my mother; Cayi Susilawati S. Pd, and my beloved father, Machrus Shodiq A. Md, and also brother and sisters who have given spirit and motivation to finish this thesis and my study. I also would like to thank my advisor; Maria Ulfa, M.A., M.Hum for her great patients, times, advices and contributions on finishing this thesis. May Allah SWT bless her and her family. I also would like to convey my sincere gratitude particularly to: 1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.A., as the Dean of Letters and Humanities Faculty State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. v 2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd as the Head of English Language and Literature Department. 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum as the Secretary of English Language and Literature Department. 4. All lectures of English Language and Literature Department for their teaching during my study. 5. Persatuan Mahasiswa Indramayu (Permai-Ayu) DKI Jakarta as my second home. 6. To the last fighter friends for graduating from UIN especially Imam Febrian S. S. 7. Music of English Letters (MEL). 8. And finally, to all my beloved friends of English Language and Literature Department who cannot mention one by one, but I will never forget them. Jakarta, March 2017 Fahmi Ali Iqbal vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………… i APPROVEMENT ….……………………………………………………….…. ii LEGALIZATION ….……………………………………………………….…. iii DECLARATION ….……………………………………………………….….. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………….…… v TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………... vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCION ……………………………………………….. 1 A. The Background of the Research ……………………………. 1 B. The Focus of the Research .....…………………………………. 5 C. The Research Questions …………………………………….. 5 D. The Significance of the Research …………………………… 5 E. The Methodology of the Research …………………………... 5 1. The Method of the Research ……………………………... 6 2. The Objective of the Research …………………………… 6 3. The Technique of Data Analysis …………………………. 6 4. The Instrument of the Research ………………………….. 7 5. The Unit of Analysis ……………………………………… 7 F. The Time and Place …………………………………………... 7 vii CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………. 8 A. Previous Research ……………………………………............. 8 B. Definition of Film ……………………………………............. 9 C. Character and Characterization ……………….. ……………. 10 1. Character………………………………………………….. 10 a. Major Character ……………………………………… 11 b. Minor Character …………………………… ……….. 12 2. Characterization ……………………………… ………… 12 a. Characterization through Appearance ...……………... 13 b. Characterization through Dialogue …………………… 13 c. Characterization through External Action …………….. 14 d. Characterization through Internal Action ……………... 14 e. Characterization through Reaction of Other Character… 14 f. Characterization through Contrast: Dramatic Foils ……. 15 g. Characterization through Caricature and Leitmotif …… 15 h. Characterization through Choice of Name ……………. 15 3. Varieties of Characters …………………………………… 16 C. Concept of Representation …………….…………………….. 16 D. Mexico and Culture .................................................................. 20 1. Religion ...........................................................................22 2. Family Matter ……………………………………………. 22 viii 3. Mexican House Design ........................................................ 23 a. The Open Courtyard ....................................................... 23 b. The Roof ......................................................................... 23 c. Art On The Outside – A Tradition .................................. 24 d. Color ............................................................................... 24 e. The Flowering House ..................................................... 24 4. Culture and Tradition in Mexico .......................................... 25 a. El Dia De Los Muertos .................................................... 26 b. Matador ............................................................................ 28 c. Mariachi ........................................................................... 29 5. Mexican Clothes .................................................................... 30 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ……………………………………... 34 A. Characters .......................................................................…..... 34 1. Manolo Sanchez ................................................................. 35 2. Maria Gabriela Posada ....................................................... 36 3. Joaquin Emilo Mondragon ................................................. 38 4. La Muerte ........................................................................... 39 5. Xibalba ............................................................................... 40 6. Carloz Sanchez .................................................................. 42 7. General Ramiro Posada ..................................................... 43 8. Chakal ................................................................................. 44 B. The Representations of Mexican Culture .........……………... 46 ix 1. Religion ............................................................................... 46 2. Family Mater ....................................................................... 47 3. Cultural Tradition ................................................................ 52 a. Mexican House Design .................................................. 52 b. El Dia De Los Muertos .................................................. 54 c. Matador .......................................................................... 57 d. Mariachi ......................................................................... 60 e. Mexican Clothes ............................................................. 61 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ……………………. 64 A. Conclusions ………………………………………………… 64 B. Suggestions …………………………………………………. 65 WORK CITED ….………………………………………………………………. 67 x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. The Background of the Research Film or cinema is a work of art when motion conforms to a perceptible rhythm with pause and pace where all aspect of the continuous image relate to the