Cartography & Map Design How to Make a Successful Map URISA Certified Workshop NCGIS 2019 Winston-Salem, North Carolina February 26, 2019 Instructor Patrick Jankanish ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association He had bought a large map representing the sea, Without the least vestige of land: And the crew were much pleased when they found it to be A map they could all understand. “What’s the good of Mercator’s North Poles and Equators, Tropics, Zones, and Meridian Lines?” So the Bellman would cry: and the crew would reply “They are merely conventional signs! Other maps are such shapes, with their islands and capes! But we’ve got our brave Captain to thank” (So the crew would protest) “that he’s bought us the best— A perfect and absolute blank!” Lewis Carroll The Hunting of the Snark ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association 1 Workshop Introduction Patrick Jankanish Senior Cartographer King County GIS Center Seattle, Washington Patrick Jankanish has been creating publication-quality map and graphic products for print and online media for more than 40 years in academic, commercial consulting, freelance, and government settings. Patrick takes a holistic approach to cartography that combines bedrock cartographic theory, modern graphic design principles and techniques, and always-evolving GIS and graphic arts technology to promote effective and artful cartography. 3 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Workshop Introduction Housekeeping Items Roll call, sign-in sheet Hand out workbooks and evaluation forms Physical layout (restrooms, etc.) Breaks: mid-morning, lunch, mid-afternoon Please do not leave valuables in the session room during lunch. As a courtesy, please turn off or silence cell phones. 4 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 2 Workshop Introduction Workshop Overview Section 1 – The Cartographic Process Section 2 – Map Fundamentals Section 3 – Map Data Section 4 – Making the Map 5 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Workshop Introduction Today’s Schedule 8:30 to 8:45 Welcome & introductions 8:45 to 9:45 Section 1 – The Cartographic Process 9:45 to 10:00 Exercise 1 10:00 to 10:15 morning break 10:15 to 11:30 Section 2 – Map Fundamentals Section 3 – Map Data 11:30 to 12:00 Exercise 2 12:00 to 1:00 lunch break 1:00 to 1:30 Exercise 3 1:30 to 2:30 Section 4 – Making the Map 2:30 to 2:45 afternoon break 2:45 to 3:45 Section 4 (continue to conclusion) 3:45 to 4:30 Exercise 4 4:30 to 5:00 Wrap-up, evaluations 6 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 3 Section 1Section 1 The Cartographic Process ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Section 1 Overview The Cartographic Process A. The Foundation . What is a map? — Simple Definition — Form and Function — Examples — Workshop Definition . Why use a map? 8 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 4 Section 1 Overview The Cartographic Process B. The Process of Making a Map 1. Conceptualization 2. Planning 3. Design 4. Production 5. Editing and Quality Control 6. Output and Reproduction 9 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation What is a Map? — A simple definition . A map is a representation of the earth’s surface on a flat surface. “Map” was derived from the Latin mappa: napkin or tablecloth. 10 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 5 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation What is a Map? — Form . Printed . Electronic/ digital . Alternate or mixed media . Ephemeral 11 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation What is a Map? — Form Printed (flat) Electronic/digital • Stand-alone maps (map sheets, • Desktop and mobile device fold-up maps) displays • Illustrations (in articles, reports, • Static or interactive books, etc.) •Animated • Bound map collections / atlases Ephemeral • Posters and murals • Digital maps created on the fly Alternate or mixed-media • Hand-drawn sketch (paper (flat or three-dimensional) napkin) • Globes • Mental maps • Engraved, molded, sculpted, • Spoken directions etc. (plastic, metal, stone, tile…) • Sticks & shells • Tactile maps (e.g., Braille maps) • Lines in the sand 12 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 6 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation What is a Map? — Function • Reference general to highly specific • Way-finding/navigation specialized reference • Documentation • Illustration • Analysis patterns, distributions, relationships, trends, etc. • Persuasion and propaganda • Advertising commercial propaganda • Decoration and art 13 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Examples — Location reference 14 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 7 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Examples — Article illustration 15 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Examples — Book illustration 16 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 8 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Examples — Informative brochure 17 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Examples — Wayfinding helper 18 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 9 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Examples — Propaganda Political Commercial 19 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Examples — Storyteller 20 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 10 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Examples — Sculpted form Artifact / Utility / Art Seattle Public Utilities Sewer manholes Fragments of the Forma Urbis Romae (a 60’ x 40’ municipal map of Rome carved in marble during the Third Century CE) Artistic map of Vashon Island, Washington, in brushed stainless steel 21 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation What is a Map? — Workshop Definition . A map comprises a systematic spatial correspondence between a real-world geographic extent and the map extent. A map is an abstracted visual representation of information that can be defined or understood according to its geographic location and/or distribution in the real world. 22 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 11 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation What is a Map? — Workshop Definition 23 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation What is a Map? — Workshop Definition spatial correspondence 24 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 12 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation What is a Map? — Workshop Definition systematic spatial correspondence 25 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation What is a Map? — Workshop Definition 26 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 13 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation What is a Map? — Workshop Definition abstracted visual representation 27 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Why Make a Map? . What is the spatial/geographic component of the information and message? . Can the message be conveyed without a map? . Will the message be clearer or stronger if the information is presented in map form? . Is a map necessary? . Is a map sufficient? . What is the relative value of a map versus alternate ways to present the information? 28 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 14 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Why Make a Map? For point- to-point . When is a map not the best navigation geographic communications tool? use printed driving directions or signposts For property boundaries use the legal description For highway distances use a table 29 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Why Make a Map? . When is a map not the best geographic communications tool? For networks or features in which a linear sequence is important, use a schematic diagram 30 ©2019 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Cartography and Map Design 15 Section 1: The Cartographic Process; Part A: The Foundation Why Make a Map? . When is a map not the best geographic communications tool? When