AUSTRALIAN ADAPTIVE MOUNTAIN BIKING GUIDELINES A detailed guide to help land managers, trail builders, event directors, mountain bike clubs, charities and associations develop inclusive mountain bike trails, events and programs for people with disabilities in Australia. Australian Adaptive Mountain Biking Guidelines AUSTRALIAN ADAPTIVE MOUNTAIN BIKING GUIDELINES Version 1.0.0 Proudly supported and published by: Mountain Bike Australia Queensland Government Acknowledgements: The authors of this document acknowledge the contribution of volunteers in the preparation and development of the document’s content. The authors would also like to extend their gratitude to the following contributors: Denise Cox (Mountain Bike Australia), Talya Wainstein, Clinton Beddall, Richard King, Cameron McGavin and Ivan Svenson (Kalamunda Mountain Bike Collective). Photography by Kerry Halford, Travis Deane, Emily Dimozantos, Matt Devlin and Leanne Rees. Editing and Graphics by Ripe Designs Graphics by Richard Morrell COPYRIGHT 2018: © BREAK THE BOUNDARY INC. This document is copyright protected apart from any use as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Author. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction should be addressed to the Author at www.breaktheboundary.com Fair-use policy By using this document, the user agrees to this fair-use policy. This document is a paid publication and as such only for use by the said paying person, members and associates of mountain bike and adaptive sporting communities, clubs, groups or associations. Distribution or duplication is strictly prohibited without the written consent of the Author. The license includes online access to the latest revision of this document and resources at no additional cost and can be obtained from: www.breaktheboundary.com Hard copies can be obtained from: www.mtba.asn.au 3 Australian Adaptive Mountain Biking Guidelines Australian Adaptive Mountain Biking Guidelines CONTENTS 1. DOCUMENT PURPOSE 10 5. AMTB DISCIPLINES 28 9. TRAIL AUDITING USING THE 47 12. TRAIL AMENITIES 62 1.1. Purpose 11 5.1. General 28 ATR SYSTEM 12.1. General 63 1.2. Disclaimer 11 5.2. Cross-country (XC) 28 9.1. What is an adaptive trail 47 12.2. Designated parking 63 1.3. User Groups 11 5.3. Gravity Enduro (GE) 28 audit? 12.3. Designated toilets 64 5.4. Downhill (DH) 29 9.2. Auditing Process 47 2. HISTORY OF DISABILITY 12 12.4. Pathways and wayfinding 65 5.5. Touring 29 9.3. Requesting an audit 50 SPORTING ORGANISATIONS 12.5. Transition and surface areas 66 9.4. Trail segments 50 IN AUSTRALIA 6. ADAPTIVE RIDER TIPS AND 30 12.6. Cycling directional signage 66 2.1. The Paralympic movement 12 EQUIPMENT SELECTION 10.TRAIL RATING SIGNAGE 51 12.7. General information signage 68 2.2. Handcycling on the 13 6.1. General 30 10.1. General (trail component 52 12.8. End-of-trip facilities 68 world stage 6.2. Balance 30 only) 12.9. Auxiliary facilities to 68 amenities 2.3. Sports Running Sports 13 6.3. Strength 31 10.2. Title 52 2.4. Developing Adaptive MTB 13 6.4. Flexibility 31 10.3. Ratings and general 52 13. EVENT AND RACE 69 in Australia descriptors 6.5. Endurance 31 ACCESSIBILITY 10.4. Coloured bars 53 3. DISABILITY AND INCLUSION 14 6.6. Pain 31 13.1. Racing vs recreation 70 10.5. Use of signage with IMBA 53 IN AUSTRALIA 6.7. Severe medical conditions 32 13.2. Adaptive MTB categories 70 and local classifications 3.1. General 15 and limitations 13.3. Decision process for 71 10.6. Display 53 3.2. Disability Groups 15 6.8. Moderate medical conditions 34 established MTB events 10.7. Printing and use 53 6.9. Cognitive function 36 3.3. Participation in sport by 16 14. COACHING 79 people with disability 11. TRAIL-DESIGN FOR 54 7. SUPPORT-RIDER TIPS 37 [TO BE CONCLUDED] 3.4 Participation challenges for 17 INCLUSION 7.1. General 38 14.1. General 79 people with disability 11.1. General 55 7.2. Assistance while riding 38 14.2. Level 0: Introduction 79 3.5. Inclusion spectrum 18 11.2. Trail width 55 7.3. Assistance as a carer 38 14.3. Level 1: Beginner skills 79 4. ADAPTIVE MOUNTAIN BIKING 19 11.3. Turning Radius 57 14.4. Level 2: Discipline-specific 79 OVERVIEW 8. ADAPTIVE TRAIL-RATING (ATR) 11.4. Gradient 57 skills 4.1. What is Adaptive Mountain 20 SYSTEM 39 11.5. Camber (in or out-slope) 58 biking? 8.1. Current rating systems 40 11.6. Berms (banked corners) 59 15. REFERENCES 80 4.2. Inclusion of people without 20 8.2. Existing shortfalls 40 11.7. Log rolls, drops and 59 disability 8.3. Intent of the ATR system 40 rock-gardens 4.3. Adaptive MTB Categories 20 8.4. Components and criteria 41 11.8. Jumps, table-tops, rollers 60 4.4. Handcycling 22 overview and undulations 4.5. Adaptive leg-cycling 24 8.5. Hierarchy of trail 44 11.9. Tread surfaces 60 4.6. Tandem 25 ratings information 11.10. Demarcations 61 4.7. Modified mountain bikes 26 11.11. Alternative lines (b-lines) 61 4 5 Australian Adaptive Mountain Biking Guidelines Australian Adaptive Mountain Biking Guidelines FIGURES FIGURE 1. Disability type and 15 FIGURE 15. Recumbent tandem 23 FIGURE 28. ATR Post Signage - 49 FIGURE 45. Pathways between 63 participation in sport. trike example amenities – blow-vac. and talcum powder FIGURE 2. Inclusion spectrum. 16 FIGURE 16. Hybrid semi-recumbent 24 FIGURE 29. ATR trail-feature 50 signpost examples FIGURE 46. Directional signage 63 FIGURE 3. Adaptive MTB Category 19 tandem Bicycle for pathways Break-down FIGURE 17. Semi-recumbent 24 FIGURE 30. Sample ATR post sign 50 FIGURE 47. Temporary transition 64 FIGURE 4. Recumbent off-road 20 bicycle FIGURE 31. Minimum width of trail 54 between path and portable handcycle: rigid frame. FIGURE 18. Recumbent bicycle 24 corridor without overtaking space toilet FIGURE 5. Recumbent off-road 20 with side steering FIGURE 48. Directional signage 65 handcycle: full FIGURE 19. Foot and leg supports 24 FIGURE 32. Minimum width of trail 54 for trials - permanent suspension and e-assist for riders with limited corridor without overtaking space detours FIGURE 6. Kneeling handcycle: 21 limb mobility, dexterity or FIGURE 49. Common MTB 65 rear-only suspension strength FIGURE 33. Minimum width of 54 trail-tread with adjacent directional signs FIGURE 7. Kneeling handcycle 21 FIGURE 20. Quad-grip for 24 bike and overtaking space (Western Australia) (full suspension) handcycles FIGURE 50. Directional signage 65 FIGURE 21. Custom e-bike with 25 FIGURE 34. Minimum turning radius 55 FIGURE 8. Upright handcycle: rear 21 for events suspension (Photo: bucket seating FIGURE 35. Maximum gradient for 55 FIGURE 51. Inclusion of adaptive 69 Reactive Adaptations, FIGURE 22. Typical power-assist 25 ascents (degrees) MTB in existing events – Colorado USA) components FIGURE 36. Maximum gradient for 55 process overview FIGURE 9. Wheelchair attachments 22 FIGURE 23. ATR system - 39 ascents (degrees) FIGURE 52. Inclusion of adaptive 73 component overview FIGURE 10. Gravity quad bike 22 FIGURE 37. Maximum chamber for 56 MTB in existing events – (photo: Gravity FIGURE 24. ATR system - 39 3-wheeled adaptive cycles decision flow diagram Quad New Zealand) element overview FIGURE 38. Width of trial without 56 FIGURE 53. Example map-overlay 74 FIGURE 11. Off-road tricycle 22 FIGURE 25. Hierarchy of 42 and with chamber with handcycle detour FIGURE 12. Upright leg trike (photo: 23 information and user FIGURE 39. Larger berm and 57 off main course relevance Reactive Adaptations, chamber FIGURE 54. Point-of-view of 75 Colorado USA) FIGURE 26. Adaptive MTB rating - 43 FIGURE 40. Smaller berm and 57 adaptive rider for course- FIGURE 13. Tandem bicycle 23 short-form example. chamber preview footage FIGURE 14. Recumbent tandem 23 FIGURE 27. Process cycle – trail 44 FIGURE 41. Maximum obstacle 58 bicycle auditing trails for aMTB height rating FIGURE 42. Minimum radius of 58 jumps and rollers FIGURE 43. Line-of-sight 59 comparison between standard and adaptive bike rider FIGURE 44. Portable accessible 62 toilets (temporary) 6 7 Australian Adaptive Mountain Biking Guidelines Australian Adaptive Mountain Biking Guidelines TABLES APPENDIX TABLE 1. ATR system criterion score rating – description. 42 APPENDIX 1. Disability Break-Down TABLE 2. Component 1 - trail features criteria 43 APPENDIX 2. Barriers to sports, rec. and leisure participation for people TABLE 3. Component 2 - trail amenities criteria 43 with disability APPENDIX 3. ATRS Descriptors TABLE 4. Trail amenities score rating-to-alphabet conversion 43 APPENDIX 4. Adaptive trail rating: full trail detail (template) TABLE 5. Adaptive MTB rating – long-form example 46 TABLE 6. Star Rating Descriptors for aMTB Post Signage 52 8 9.