Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 Vertical Habitat Layout Study Neutral Buoyancy Habitat Study University of Maryland September 26, 2013 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review MARYLAND X-Hab 2014 Team Structure • Faculty Mentor: Dr. David Akin • ENAE100 student project (Freshman/ Sophomore) – Initial neutral buoyancy experiments (5 students) • ENAE483/484 Capstone Design course (Seniors) – 42 students • Student volunteers – 6-8 SSL grad/undergrad student researchers (mentors, underwater test personnel) – 2 graduate volunteers – Other undergraduate volunteers as available • Total of 55+ students involved U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 2 Organization of ENAE 483/484 • ENAE 483 – Fall, 2013 – Lectures on space systems design – Five preliminary projects (10 teams of 4-5 each) • Systems Definition (completed 9/24) • Habitability and Life Support (due 10/15) • Power, Propulsion, and Thermal (due 11/5) • Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms (due 11/21) • Avionics, GN&C, and Communications (due 12/12) • ENAE 484 – Spring, 2014 – Single team with matrix organization – SDR, PDR, CDR, comprehensive final report – Strong focus on hardware development and experimental testing and evaluation U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 3 X-Hab 2014 Project Definition • Vision: Facilitate human deep-space exploration by providing insight into habitat design and its impact on crew performance • Goal: Evaluate a variety of internal habitat configurations in order to establish guidelines for layout design, validated in both 1g and appropriate micro/partial gravity simulations on Earth • Mission: Develop platforms and methodologies that will allow us to quantitatively evaluate habitat designs and perform habitability assessments U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 4 X-Hab 2014 Project Objectives • Refit and upgrade existing habitat mockups in the Space Systems Laboratory’s Moonyard facility • Develop and test an underwater habitat mockup for both microgravity and partial gravity studies • Develop and implement detailed interior layouts • Rigorously compare habitat layouts and provide insight into habitat design • Provide correlation between realistic gravity simulation and 1g simulations for various aspects of habitat design and evaluation • Maximize opportunities for student involvement at all levels consistent with education objectives for associatedU N I V E R S I T courses Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 5 2009: ECLIPSE Habitat and Moonyard U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 6 2011: X-Hab Inflatable Habitat U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 7 UMd Moonyard - Construction of HAVEN U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 8 Space Systems Laboratory 2012 X-Hab: CHELONIA Overview U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 9 HAVEN Module Overview • Two story habitat module • Modular removable wall sections will enable reconfiguration of the habitat. • Multiple vertical hatch locations will enable a wider variety of layouts to be implemented. • 5m outer diameter due to ELV launch vehicle constraint and minimum facility volume of 168 m3 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 10 UMd Neutral Buoyancy Research Facility U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 11 Haven Initial Outfitting U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 12 Habitability Evaluation • Goal: identify a rigorous process to define habitability • Construct parametric curves based on experimental evaluations of low to medium fidelity mock-ups for both 1g and underwater testing • Potential analytical tools – AHP(Analytic hierarchy process) – NASA TLX – Cooper Harper – Fitt’s Law derived evaluations • Extrapolate results to cover a broader spectrum of habitat configurations and dimensions U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 13 ENAE483/484 vs. X-Hab • Both programs will focus on experimental investigation of habitat design • But... • ENAE 483/484 have pedagogical requirements as a capstone design sequence – Performing detailed design analysis (e.g., systems optimization, structural design, power and propulsion systems)... – ...in a mission context, with associated design tasks (e.g., system architecture, budgeting and scheduling, science integration) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 14 Plan for Fall 2013 • ENAE 483 has five three-week sections broken into 11 teams of 4-5 students each • Today’s review incorporates products of Systems Design team output (received 9/24) • Next step is to perform synthesis to pull together products of all teams into single unified requirements document, SOW, etc. • Could not do this in ~48 hours since submission, so Team 5 products will be presented here as indicative of all teams U N I V E R S I T Y O F Systems Definition Review X-Hab 2014 MARYLAND 15 System Architecture System Requirements Review Definition The system will be a habitable ar/ficial satellite posi/oned in cislunar space outside the Van Allen radiaon belts. It shall support a four-person crew in 30 day mission cycles. Concept The system will be launched in mul/ple modules, assembled, and posi/oned autonomously before being inhabited by humans. The system will support human operaons for a nominal mission duraon of 30 days. Crew members will perform science experiments, conduct EVAs, and provide support for future lunar and deep space exploraon missions. Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 1 Primary Requirement System Requirements Review All system requirements are ul/mately derived from the primary system defini/on: Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 2 Top Level Requirements System Requirements Review Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 3 Level Two: System System Requirements Review Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 4 Crew Systems System Requirements Review Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 5 Crew Systems System Requirements Review Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 6 Propulsion & Comm System Requirements Review Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 7 Mission Design & GNC System Requirements Review Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 8 Structural & Mechanical System Requirements Review Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 9 Structural & Mechanical System Requirements Review Structural and Mechanical (cont.) Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 10 Power & Thermal System Requirements Review Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 11 Work Breakdown System Requirements Review Cislunar)Space)Habitat) 01)Systems) 03)Habitat/ 05)Mission) 06)Test)and) 02)Launch) 04)Science) Engineering) System) OperaBons) EvaluaBon) 1.1)Project) 6.1)Neutral) 3.1)Structure) 5.1)Mission)Sys) Mgmnt) 2.1)Vehicle) 4.1)Experiments)) Buoyancy)Tests) and)Mechanics) Eng)) 1.2)Risk)Mgmnt) 2.2)Trajectory) 3.2)Power) Subsystem) 4.2)EducaBon) 5.2)OperaBons) 6.2)Gravity)Tests) and)Procedure) and)Outreach) 1.3)Project) 2.3)ConBngency) 5.3)Ground)Data) Planning) 3.3)Avionics) Sys) Perform)Trade) Plan) Studies) 1.4)Subsystem) 3.4)Command) IntegraBon) and)Data) Handling) 3.5)Thermal) 3.6)Propulsion) 3.7)Human) Factors) 3.8)Habitat)Sys) Eng) Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 12 2: Launch System Requirements Review Launch' 2.1'Vehicle' 2.2'Procedure' 2.3'Con2ngency' 2.1.1$Trade:$$ 2.2.1$Trade:$$ ELV'Op2on' Trajectory' ELV$Op'on:"Choose"launch"vehicle"based"on"payload"mass,"faring"size"&"es:mated"cost" Trajectory:$Design"of"L1"trajectory"subject"to"mission"ΔV,"cost,"and":me"constraints" Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design28 13 3: Habitat Systems System Requirements Review 03 Habitat! 3.1 Structure and 3.2 Power 3.4 Command and Mechanics! Subsystem! 3.3 Avionics! Data Handling! 3.5 Thermal! 3.6 Propulsion! 3.7 Life Support! 3.8 Habitat Sys Eng! 3.3.1 3.4.1 Computer 3.6.1 Launch Vehicle 3.1.1 EVA! 3.2.1 Power Source! Telecommunications! System! 3.5.1 Cooling! Ejection! 3.7.1 Food! 3.1.2 Docking System! 3.2.2 Battery! 3.3.2 GN&C! 3.4.2 Hardware! 3.5.2 Heating! 3.6.2 ACS! 3.7.2 Water! 3.4.3 Data Network 3.7.3 Waste 3.1.3 Inner Layout! and Support! 3.6.3 Repositioning! Removal! 3.1.4 Outer Layout! 3.6.4 Fuel! 3.7.4 Restraints! 3.1.5 Storage 3.7.5 Contingency Facilities! Mode! 3.7.6 Hygiene! 3.7.7 Psychological Factors! 3.7.8 Oxygen and CO2! Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design29 14 3.1: Habitat Structure System Requirements Review 3.1$Habitat$ Structure$and$ Mechanics$ 3.12$Docking$ 3.1.3$Inner$ 3.1.4$Outer$ 3.1.1$EVA$ System$ Layout$ layout$ 3.1.5$Storage$ RadiaMon$ Airlock$sys$ Room$layout$ protecMon$ Food$ Trade:$$$ Trade:$$ Trade:$RadiaMon$ ProtecMon$ Maintenance/$ Housekeeping$ Airlock$ Layout$ Material$ Trade:$ Space$suits/sys$ Materials$ Clothing$ $Windows$ Trade:$Size$and$ Trade:$Material$ Space$ Type$ Personal$Items$ Walls$ Design$ Design$ Trade:$$ Trade:$$ Trade:$$ Pressure$vessel$ Shape$ Size$ Trade:$$ Layout$Efficiency$ Project Group 5 ENAE483: Principles of Space Systems Design 15 3.1: Trade Studies System Requirements Review Airlock: Choose an airlocK system based on safety, cost, and feasibility Inner layout: What Kind of “floor plan” is appropriate for the habitat? Windows: Maximize visibility without compromising structural integrity & shielding Size and space: How much space does a crew of 4 (and 8, during interchange) need? Pressure vessel: What shapes and sizes are feasible for the habitat? Radia<on: How much shielding is needed, and how can mass and cost be minimized? Inflatable vs.