Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Sector Plan August 2012 SADC ICT SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN: July 2012 Table of Contents Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 1 Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 4 List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... 7 List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 10 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 14 1.1 Sector Purpose and Objectives ....................................................................................... 14 1.2 Policy and Legislative Frameworks Guiding the ICT Sector .............................................. 15 1.2.1 The Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) ....................................... 15 1.2.2 Protocols and Other Documents and Statutes .............................................................. 16 2. Situation Analysis ................................................................................................... 18 2.1 Current Sector Status ..................................................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Voice Telephony ............................................................................................................ 18 2.1.2 Internet and Broadband Access .................................................................................... 21 2.1.3 Optic Fibre Infrastructure ............................................................................................. 25 2.1.4 Terrestrial Communication Infrastructure ..................................................................... 27 2.1.5 Private Telecommunication Infrastructure Providers ................................................... 30 2.1.6 National and Regional Internet Traffic Exchange .......................................................... 33 2.1.7 Postal Infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 37 2.1.8 Communications, e‐Services and Applications ............................................................. 41 2.1.9 ICT Costs/Tariffs ............................................................................................................. 42 2.1.10 Research, Innovation, Training, Content & Industry Development ............................... 45 2.2 Enabling Environment and Institutional Arrangements ................................................... 46 2.2.1 International/Continental Level .................................................................................... 46 2.2.2 Regional Cooperation (policies, strategies and plans) .................................................. 47 2.2.3 Dynamics at the Member State Level ........................................................................... 51 2.3 Projections and Trends for 2027 ‐ Infrastructure Requirements ...................................... 52 2.3.1 Backbone Infrastructure................................................................................................ 52 2.3.2 Postal Sector .................................................................................................................. 55 2.3.3 Additional ICT Infrastructure Requirements ................................................................. 56 2.4 Assessment of Gap between Current Situation and 2027 Requirements ......................... 57 2.4.1 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................ 57 2.4.2 Confidence and Security in Networks and Services ...................................................... 60 2.4.3 E‐Services & Applications and Capacity Building & Content ......................................... 61 2.4.4 Research, Innovation and Industry Development ......................................................... 61 2.4.5 Enabling Policy and Regulatory Environment ............................................................... 62 2.4.6 Postal‐Specific Gaps ...................................................................................................... 63 2.4.7 Cross‐cutting Gaps ........................................................................................................ 64 SADC ICT SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN: July 2012 3. Strategic Framework .............................................................................................. 66 3.1 Strategy for Addressing Gaps and Expected Results by 2027 ........................................... 66 3.1.1 Significance of Sector and Priority Goals ...................................................................... 66 3.1.2 Policy and Regulatory Framework ................................................................................. 66 3.1.3 Institutional Arrangements ........................................................................................... 67 3.1.4 Projects and Interventions ............................................................................................ 69 3.2 Inter‐relationships and Integration with other Infrastructure Sectors ............................. 73 3.3 Assumptions and Risks ................................................................................................... 75 3.3.1 Assumptions .................................................................................................................. 75 3.3.2 Risks and Potential Mitigation Actions .......................................................................... 75 3.4 Preparing for Future Sector Trends (beyond 2027) ..........................................................77 4. Implementation Strategy ....................................................................................... 78 4.1 Implementation Plan ..................................................................................................... 78 4.1.1 Priority List of Projects and Resource Requirements .................................................... 78 4.1.2 Implementation Modalities ........................................................................................... 83 4.2 Critical Factors for Successful Implementation................................................................ 88 SADC ICT SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN: July 2012 Abbreviations AFD L'Agence Française de Développement AfDB African Development Bank AIP Administrative Incentive Pricing AISI African Information Society Initiative AMS‐IX Amsterdam Internet Exchange ARPU Average Revenue Per User ASN Autonomous System Number ATU African Telecommunication Union AU African Union BGP Border Gateway Protocol BPS Bits per Second BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China and CDN Content Distribution Network CEC Copperbelt Energy Corporation CERT Computer Emergency Response Team CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CoE Centre of Excellence COMESA Common Market for East and Southern Africa CRASA Communication and Postal Regulatory Association of Southern Africa DBSA Development Bank of Southern Africa DFID Department for International Development DID Direct Inward Dialling DNS The Domain Name System DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DTT Digital Terrestrial Television DVB Digital Video Broadcasting DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing EAC East African Community EAIF Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund EASSy Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System ECCAS The Economic Community of Central African States ECOWAS The Economic Community of West African States EIA Environmental Impact assessment EIB European Investment Bank EU European Union FAP Frequency Allocation Plan (for radio spectrum) Gbps Gigabits per second GDP Gross Domestic Product Gigabit One billion bits GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GMS Global Monitoring System GNI Gross National Income GPS Global Positioning System GSR Global Symposium of Regulators gTLD Generic Top Level Domain HIPSSA Harmonisation of ICT Policies in Sub‐Saharan Africa HOS Heads of States IASP International Association of Science Parks ICA Infrastructure Consortium for Africa ICT Information and Communication Technology IDRC International Development Research Centre 1 SADC ICT SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN: July 2012 IFC International Finance Corporation IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development IICD International Institute for Communication and Development IP Internet Protocol IPP Independent Power Producer IPS International Postal System IRU Indefeasible Right of Use IS Internet Solutions IsDB Islamic Development Bank ISOC Internet Society ISP Internet Service Provider IT Information Technology ITU International Telecommunication Union IXP Internet Exchange Point LINX London Internet Exchange LION Lower Indian Ocean Network LTE Long Term Evolution Mbps Megabits per second MDG Millennium Development Goal Megabit One million bits MEO Medium Earth Orbit MoU Memorandum of Understanding NEPAD New Partnership for