r' SHORT TITLE FOR USE ON BINDING THE USE OF OBJECTIVE TESTS FOR REVIEW IN CHElHSTRY 1 i ,r-. iL' AN EXPERIMENT IN THE USE OF OBJECTIVE TESTS OF THE r.1ULTIPLE-CHOICE TYPE FOR REVIEtV' AND MOTIVATION IN THE TEACHING OF BIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY r l' i1, l' / by f,\ ~ John C. Jared ln "1 :1 : l :i '! 'j ,; ~ d A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the requirements for ..~ the degree of I-laster of Arts Faculty of Education NcGill University, I·1ontreal, Quebec Hay, 1966. ,..-:-... @ ~Tohn C Jared 1967 , . i 1 ACKNO\IlLEDGEl·IENTS The author wishes to thank the Director of Studies of the West Island School Commission, Mr. C. \1}'. Dickson, for permission to carry out this work in the schools of the Commission, and the principals, science department heads and participating teachers without whose active co-operation this experimental study could not have been attempted. A special word of appreciation and thanks is due to Professor N. France for his criticism and advice in the various stages of this work. ii Ci TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................... iv Chapter I. OUTLINE OF THE RESEARCH ••••••••••••• 1 II. fu."""VIEli OF THE LITERATURE •••••••••••• 4 .,'l' III. BACKGROUND OF THE EXPERIMENT AND 1 STATElIIENT OF THE PROBLE!-I •••••••••• 28 ! IV. DESIGN OF THE EXPERIIIIENT •••••••••••• 33 V. EXPERIMENTAL DATA ••••••••••••••••••• 41 1 VI. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS ••••••••••••••• 77 "j :1 VII. SUI\INARY Ali!D CONCLUSIONS ••••••••••••• 85 BIBLIOGBAPHY ................................. 92 APPENDICES A. A BRIEF Sm,'IT·l4.RY OF THE EXPERnIENT ••• 99 B. TESTING PROCEDURE ••••••••••••••••••• 102 C. CHEr-lISTRY TEST RECORD ••••••••••••••• 104 D. CHEriiISTRY REVlEii TESTS •••••••••••••• 105 E. ANSiV'ER SLIP ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 146 F. JAi\jUARY CREIUSTRY E.x"4.1'UNATIONS •••••• 147 .' iii 1 LIST OF TABLES Table Page I. Experimental and Control Distributio:r1 of Classes and Pupils •••••••••••••• 36 II. Pupil Enrolment by Grade, April 1966 • 41 III. Community Characteristics ••••••••••••• 43 IV. Availability of Background Data •••••• 44 V. Distribution of Students by Sub-Group 46 VI. Comparison of Experimental and Control ", :r.1eans - Beaconsfield High School - '(' AlI Students ••••••••••••••••••••••• 47 \ VII. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. ~ AlI Students - Age ••••.•••.••••.••.•••. 47 VIII. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. - AlI Students - I.Q • ••.••••••••••••••••• 48 IX. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. - AlI Students - P.S.A.T. - Verbal....... 48 X. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. - AlI Students - P.S.A.T. - Mathematical • 48 XI. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. - AlI Students - Grade 9 Science ••••••••• 49 XII. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. - AlI Students - January Examination Multiple Choice Section •••••••••••• 49 XIII. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. - AlI Students - January Examination Descriptive Section •••••••••••••••• 49 XIV. Comparison of Experimental and Control r1eans - B.R.S. - Boys •••••••••••••• 50 iv ,"--"- .--------- ~~-~ ~-- ---- ( Table Page xv. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Boys - Age ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 50 XVI. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Boys - I. Q. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 51 XVII. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Boys - 1 P.S.A.T. - Verbal •..••.••......•.... .51 ,. 1 XVIII. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Boys - l P.S.A.T. - Mathematical ••••••••••••• .51 1 XIX. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Boys - l Grade 9 Science ••••••••••••••••••••• .52 1 l l xx. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Boys - 1. January Examination Multiple Choice j. 1 Section ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ) .52 1 ,~ XXI. An~lysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Boys - January Examination Descriptive Section ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .52 XXII. Comparison of Experimental and Control Heans - B.H.S. - Girls •••••••••••••• .53 XXIII. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Girls - Age ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 53 XXIV. Analysis of Variance - B.H.S. - Girls - I. Q. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 54 xxv. Analysis of Variance - B.H.S. - Girls - P.S.A.T. - Verbal................... .54 XXVI. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Girls - P.S.A.T. - Mathematical ••••••••••••• .54 XXVII. P~alysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Girls - Grade 9 Science ••••••••••••••••••••• 5.5 XXVIII. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Girls - January Examination Nultiple Choice Section ••••.•.•••••••••••••••••••••. .5.5 v Table Page ( :i XXIX. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. - Girls January Examination Descriptive Section .........••.............•..... 55 XXX. Comparison of Experimental and Control :f.leans - B.R.S. - Students New to Chemistry ............................ 56 XXXI. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. - Students New to Chemistry - Age ••••••••••••••• 56 XY~II. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. - Students New to Chemistry - I.Q. •••••••••••••• 57 XXXIII. Analysis of Variance: B.R.S. - Students New to Chemistry - P.S.A.T. - Verbal. 57 XXXIV. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Students New to Chemistry - P.S.A.T. 11athematical ...•.....•.......' ....•.•• 57 xxxv. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Students Ne't"1' to Chemistry - Grade 9 Science ••• 58 X)C{VI. _~alysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Students Nel'T to Chemistry - January Examination Nultiple Choice Section •••••••••••••• 58 XXXVII. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Students New to Chemistry - January Examination Descriptive Section •••••••••••••••••• 58 XXXVIII. Comparison of' Experimental and Control Heans - B.H.S. - Students Repeating Chemistry •••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• 59 XXXIX. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Students Repeating Chemistry - Age ••••••••••• 4 59 XL. P~alysis of Variance: B.R.S. - Students Repeating Chemistry - I.Q. •••.••••••• 60 XLI. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Students Repeating Chemistry - P.S.A.T. - Verbal ............................... 60 ( vi Cc __________________ - --------------------~-- __________• ___.~ ••_- ________ ,,_, __ c _____ ·c- ( Table Page XLII. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Students Bepeating Chemistry - P.S.A.T. - I1athematical ••••••••••••••••••••••••. 60 XLIII. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Students Bepeating Chemistry -Grade 9 Science 61 XLIV. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Students Bepeating Chemistry - January Examination Nultiple Choice Section •• 61 XLV. Analysis of Variance: B.H.S. - Students Bepeating Chemistry - January Examination Descriptive Section •••••• 61 XLVI. Comparison of Experimental and Control }leans - J'.• R.B.S. - AlI students •••••• 62 XLVII. Analysis of Variance: J.B.H.S. - AlI Students - Age ••••••••••••••••••••••• 62 XLVIII. Analysis of Variance: J.B.H.S. - AlI Students - I.Q. •••••••••••••••••••••• 63 XLIX. Analysis of Variance: J.B.H.S. - AlI Students - P.S.A.T. ~ Verbal......... 63 L. Analysis of Variance: J.B.H.S. - AlI Students - P.S.A.T. - 11athematical ••• 63 LI. Analysis of Variance: J.B.H.S. - AlI Students - Grade 9 Science ••••••••••• 64 LIl. Analysis of Variance: J.B.H.S. - AlI Students - January Examination Multiple Choice Section •••••••••••••• 64 LIlI. .~alysis of Variance: J.B.H.S. - AlI Students - January Examination Desëriptive Section •••••••••••••••••• 64 LIV. Comparison of Experimental and Control Neans - J.B.H.S. - Boys •••••••••••••• 65 ( vii Table Page LV. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S. - Boys - _~ge •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 65 LVI. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S. - Boys - I. Q. • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 66 , LVII. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S. - Boys - 1 P.S.A.T. - Verbal •.••••.•••••••...•.• 66 :[ i LVIII. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S. - Boys - P.S.A.T. - Mathematical •••••••••••••• 66 LIX. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S. - Boys - Grade 9 Science •••••••••••••••••••••• 67 LX. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S. - Boys - January Examination Nultiple Choice Section ............................. LXI. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S. - Boys - January Examination Descriptive Section •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 67 LXII. Comparison of ~~erimental and Control Means - J.R.H.S. - Girls ••••••••••••• 68 LXIII. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.- Girls - Age .••..•..•.....•..•••.•.... 68 LXIV. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.- Girls - I.Q. •••••••••••••••••••.••••• 69 LX'r. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.- Girls - P.S.A.T. - Verbal............ 69 LXVI. ffi1alysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.­ Girls - P.S.A.T. - Mathematical •••• 0 • LXVII. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.- Girls - Grade 9 Science •••••••••••••• 70 LXVIII. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.­ Girls - January Examination Hultiple Choice Section ••••••••••••••••••••••• 70 viii ( Table Page LXIX. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.­ Girls - January Examination Descriptive Section ••••••••••••••••• 70 LXX. Comparison of Experimental and Control Heans - J.R.H.S. - Students new to Chemistry ••.••...••..••.•..•.......• 71 LXXI. Analysis of Variance: J .R.H.S. - Students Ne~ to Chemistry - Age ••••• 71 LXXII. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.- Students New to Chemistry - I.Q. •••• 72 LXXIII. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.- Students New to Chemistry - P.S.A.T. Verbal .......•...•.......•••.•..•.•• 72 LXXIV. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.­ Students New to Chemistry - P.S.A.T. Hathematical •••••••••••••••••••••••• 72 LXXV. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.­ Students new to Chemistry - Grade 9 Science •.....................••..... 73 LXXVI. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.­ Students Ne~'f to Chemistry - January Examination Multiple Choice Section. 73 LXXVII. Analysis of Variance: J.R.H.S.­ Students New to Chemistry - January Examination Descriptive Section ••••• 73 LXXVIII. Comparison of Experimental and Control Means - J.R.H.S. - Students Repeating