Index to Proper Names and Languages A D Amoy, 1, 3–8, 16, 20, 25, 39, 41, 42, 82, 92. Dutch, 57 See also Xiamen Arakanese, 22 E Australia, 28, 49 Eastern Min, 40 English, 10, 15, 26, 27, 31–35, 39, 43–47, B 49–51, 62, 65, 68, 70, 92, 98, 99 Beijing, 16, 79, 87, 90, 101. See also Peking Ethnic Chinese, 14, 16, 19, 31, 39, 40, 43–49, British, 8, 20, 26, 39, 41, 46, 50 59, 95–97 Brunei, 1 Burma, 2, 13, 19–22, 24–26, 28, 29, 32, 33, 95 F Burmese, 8–10, 20, 22, 25–33, 96 Faxian, 24 Burmese Hokkien, 8–10, 26 Foochow, 20, 40, 44 Fujian, 1–3, 8, 9, 13–16, 19–22, 24–26, 28, 33, C 40–44, 55–58, 63, 77–82, 84, 87–92, 95, Cai Shuang, 79 96, 98–101 California, 32, 33 Fuzhou, 20 Cantonese, 2, 3, 16, 20, 21, 29–31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40–43, 45, 50, 64, 68, 78, 80, 87 G Ceylon, 24 Gan, 87 Changhua, 56, 58 Guangdong, 2, 3, 20, 21, 40, 55–57, 79 Chao-Shan, 87 Guiyang, 81 Chaozhou, 2, 3, 6, 55. See also Teochew Guizhou, 81 Chen Yi, 63 Guoyu, 16, 25, 42, 45, 62–65, 68, 72, 73, 79, Chiayi, 56, 58 80, 98, 99 China, 1, 2, 10, 11, 16, 19–22, 24, 25, 27, 28, Gu Yanwu, 1 39–43, 55–57, 62, 65, 73, 77–87, 90, 92, 95, 96, 99–101 H Chinese, 1, 2, 5–7, 10, 15, 16, 20–22, 24–32, Hainan, 2, 4 39–51, 55–64, 66, 68, 69, 73, 78–83, 86, Hainanese, 3–5, 20, 40, 41, 43 87, 96, 98–100. See also Ethnic Chinese; Hakka, 20, 25, 34, 40, 44, 55–59, 63, 64, Standard Chinese 66–69 Chinese community, 22, 25, 40, 45, 57, 58 Han Chinese, 19, 56, 77 Chinese Singaporean, 41, 44–46, 48, 49, 51 Han dynasty, 16 Classical Chinese, 7, 27, 59, 60, 77–79 Hebei, 81 © The Author(s) 2016 103 P.S. Ding, Southern Min (Hokkien) as a Migrating Language, SpringerBriefs in Linguistics, DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-594-5 104 Index to Proper Names and Languages Henghua, 20, 40 O Hmong, 87 Okinawan, 60 Hokchia, 40 Overseas Chinese, 20, 40, 42, 84, 85, 92, 96 Hokkien, 1–3, 5, 7–16, 19–37, 39–52, 55, 57, 58, 72, 77–80, 82, 84–92, P 95–99, 101 Peking, 16, 64, 79. See also Beijing Hong Kong, 20, 27, 28, 30, 64, 68 Penghu, 56, 58 Housing and development board (HDB), 44 Philippines, 1, 15 Hsinchu, 57, 58 Portuguese, 11, 29 Putian, 20 I Putonghua, 7, 16, 77, 79–81, 83–90, 92, 96, Indian, 29, 40, 44 98–100 Indonesia, 1, 8, 15 Putonghua Shuiping Kaoshi, 80, 91 Puxian Min, 40 J Japanese, 7, 55, 57–63, 65, 68, 80, 96, 98 Q Japanization, 61, 63 Qing (dynasty), 8, 57, 78 Jin, 79, 82, 87 Qin Shi Huang, 82 Quanzhou, 1, 3–8, 15, 20, 27, 55, 57, 58, 67, K 77, 80, 82, 86–92, 99 Kaohsiung, 14, 56, 58, 69, 89, 99 Karen, 22 R Keelung, 56, 61 Rangoon, 20–22, 25–29, 31–33, 95–97 Korean, 34, 72, 87 Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong), 57 S San Francisco, 19, 22, 31, 32 L Shanghainese, 2, 40 Luanping, 81 Shantou, 4–6, 55 Shenzhen, 84 M Singapore, 1, 10, 13–15, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, Macao, 13, 19, 22, 28–33, 37, 64 39–52, 57, 58, 65, 85, 95–97, 99–101 Malay, 8–11, 44, 46, 50 Singapore Hokkien, 10 Malayan Hokkien, 8, 10, 20 Singapore Mandarin, 10 Malaysia, 1, 8, 15, 20, 97 Singlish, 65 Manchu, 77, 82 Southeast Asia, 1, 2, 4, 8, 20, 21, 24, 27, 39, Mandarin, 2, 7, 10, 16, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 40, 55, 57, 80, 85, 92, 96 33, 34, 39, 40, 42–47, 49–52, 55, 59, Southeast Asian, 1, 4, 8–11, 15, 95 62–66, 68–73, 78–80, 82, 85–87, 95–100 Southern Min, 1–11, 13, 15, 16, 27, 34, 40, 55, Mandarin Daily News, 64, 65 57–73, 78–80, 82, 83, 86–88, 90, 92, Maritime Chinese, 20, 25 95–101 Meizhou, 21 Speak Mandarin Campaign, 39, 43, 44, 50–52, Ming (dynasty), 8 100 Mon, 22 Standard Chinese, 10, 16, 63, 78 Mongol, 77 Strait Hokkien, 3–8 Mongolian, 87 Mountain Chinese, 20 T Tai, 19 N Taichung, 14, 56, 69, 99 Nationalist (Party), 55, 63, 65, 73, 96, 100 Tainan, 56–58, 68, 87 Nationwide Propaganda Week for Putonghua Taipei, 56, 59–61, 68, 69, 73, 87, 96, 98 Promotion, 81 Taipei Rapid Transit System, 68 New York, 34, 72 Taiwan, 1, 2, 11, 13–16, 27, 28, 30, 34, 55–69, New Zealand, 49 71–73, 78, 80, 90, 92, 95–101 Index to Proper Names and Languages 105 Taiwanese, 1, 3–8, 15, 59–66, 68–70, 73, 82, Wu, 40, 87 89, 98, 99 Wu Shouli, 62 Taiwanese Mandarin, 61, 64, 65, 69, 73, 98 Taoyuan, 56, 68 X Tamil, 46 Xiamen, 3, 8, 14, 16, 39, 55, 77, 80–88, 90–92, Tan Kah Kee, 42 96, 98, 99. See also Amoy Tan Lark Sye, 42 Xiang, 84, 87 Teochew, 1–8, 40, 43, 45, 49, 55, 57. See also Chaozhou Y Thailand, 2, 15 Yi, 87, 92 Tibetan, 87 Yongzheng Emperor, 79 Tibeto-Burman, 19 Yue, 40, 87 Toisan Cantonese, 20, 21, 25 Yunnan, 20, 92 Yunnanese, 20 U U.S.A., 13, 28, 33, 35 Z Uyghur, 87 Zhangzhou, 1, 3–8, 14, 55, 57, 58, 67, 77, 79, 82, 87–89, 91, 99 V Zhejiang, 2 Vietnam, 15 Zheng Chenggong. See Koxinga Vietnamese, 7 Zhuhai, 84 W World War II, 62, 63, 95 Index to General Subjects A Communication, 3, 12, 15, 23, 29, 30, 32, 40, Aboriginal language, 58 60, 63–66, 70, 79, 81, 86, 88, 98 Assimilation, 31, 57, 59–62 Communicative, 1, 13, 14, 55, 66, 78 Attitude, 13–15, 44, 47, 58, 64, 69, 71, 87, 89, Communicative events, 1, 13, 14 99, 100 Communicative index, 55, 66 Compartmentalization, 22, 85 B Competence, 12, 23, 24, 29, 30, 33, 36, 47, 78, Bāng, 40–42, 45, 58 88. See also Fluency and Proficiency Behavior, 13, 23, 29, 35, 37, 100 Competent, 23 Bilingual, 12, 22, 23, 28, 29, 33–35, 45–47, 51, Competition, 41, 47, 68, 78, 80, 98 58–60, 69, 80, 84, 88, 99 Contact, 8, 43, 58, 59 Bilingualism, 19, 34, 43, 45–47, 52, 59, 72, 79–81, 86, 92. See also Transitional D bilingualism Decline, 15, 39, 41, 68, 70, 72, 73, 77, 90, 95, Biliterate, 28, 33, 46 96, 98, 99 Book Houses, 59 Denasalization, 5 Bopomofo, 64, 68, 79 Dialect, 1–8, 10, 11, 14, 16, 20–22, 25–27, Borrowed, 1, 8, 10, 16, 27, 61 39–47, 55, 57, 59, 61, 64–67, 69, 77–80, Broadcast, 30, 43, 44, 68, 82, 92 82, 86, 87, 88 Burmanization, 22, 96 Diglossia, 77 Diglossic, 78 C Discrimination, 78, 92 Capital (city), 16, 61, 73, 101 Dominance, 20, 26, 39, 58, 69, 96 Census, 20, 39, 40, 44–47, 51, 56, 57, 83, 84, Dominant (language), 12, 19, 26, 29–31, 86, 97, 99 33–35, 37, 39, 40, 44, 45, 48, 55, 58, 59, Character, 7, 50, 62, 64, 68, 78, 79, 81, 82 61, 62, 64, 72, 96, 98 Children, 2, 13, 19, 25, 26, 28–34, 40, 45, 46, 78, 86, 95–100 E Clan, 21, 58 Education, 22, 26, 28, 42, 43, 45–47, 60, Code-switch, 34, 48, 65, 85, 88, 89 62–64, 66, 68, 96 Colloquial pronunciation, 10, 78 Educational, 15, 68 Colloquial reading, 7, 80 Emigrant, 15, 23 Colonial, 10, 20, 28, 40, 41, 44, 96, 98 Employment, 29, 60, 63, 88 Colonization, 8, 41, 50, 55, 57, 59, 60 Endangerment, 2, 12, 39, 77, 78, 80, 99 Colonizer, 57, 61, 63 Enrollment, 59 Colony, 29, 39, 41, 46 Ethnic, 1, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 25, 26, 28, Common Schools, 59, 60 29, 31, 32, 39–51, 59, 61, 68, 69, 77, 80, Communicate, 13, 24, 29, 30, 60, 80, 85, 90 87, 89, 95–98 © The Author(s) 2016 107 P.S. Ding, Southern Min (Hokkien) as a Migrating Language, SpringerBriefs in Linguistics, DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-594-5 108 Index to General Subjects Ethnic group, 12, 19, 41–45, 51 J Ethnic language, 1, 11, 12, 26, 32, 50, 55, 61, Japanization, 61, 63 66, 68, 69, 77, 80, 89, 95–98 Ethnic minorities, 35 K Ethnicity, 12, 13, 16, 20, 41, 48, 61, 80 Kindergarten, 30. See also School F L Family, 2, 11–15, 19, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28–37, Language behavior, 13 41, 44, 46, 47, 51, 55, 57, 61, 64, 66, 78, Language policy, 39, 43, 45, 59, 62, 79, 96, 97, 85, 88, 92, 97, 100, 101 99 Female, 22 Language shift, 19, 23, 24, 30–32, 35, 36, 39, First language, 12, 31, 39, 40, 46, 47, 51, 59, 41, 44, 46, 47, 50–52, 58, 61, 71–73, 77, 61, 81, 86, 87 78, 82–84, 86, 88–91, 95, 96, 99 Fluency, 23, 40, 70, 71. See also Competence Lingua franca, 1, 11, 12, 26, 39, 40, 44, 47, 50, and Proficiency 58, 60, 61, 83, 95, 97, 98 Fluent, 26, 28, 30–33, 45, 48, 55, 70, 84, 87, 96 Linguistic profile, 15, 26, 28, 30, 62 Fluently, 60, 63, 72 Literacy, 28, 31, 45–47, 62, 63, 66, 78 Foreign language, 29, 46 Literary pronunciation, 7 Frequency, 12, 23, 65, 68 Literary reading, 7, 10, 50, 78, 79 Fruit, 10, 69, 84, 88, 99 Loanword, 8–10, 20, 27, 61–63 Functional status, 12–14, 32, 55, 68, 77, 78, 80, 86, 89, 95, 97, 98 M Functionality, 1, 11, 12, 50, 61 Mainlander, 63–65, 71, 73, 98 Maintenance, 2, 34 G Mandarinization, 63 Generation, 2, 15, 19, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, Marriage, 23, 26, 28.