NEWSLETTER issued by the Council of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs Nobel Peace Prize 1995 Ruth Adams and Joseph Rotblat on the porch at Thinker’s Lodge, Pugwash, Nova Scotia, July 2003 Volume 42 ½ Number 1 ½ June 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS To the Pugwash Community: . 1 Pugwash Meeting no. 301 . 3 54th Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs: Bridging a Divided World Through International Cooperation and Disarmament Seoul, South Korea, 4–9 October 2004 Statement of the Pugwash Council Conference Schedule 54th Pugwash Conference Working Groups Address by Hon. Mohamed ElBaradei List of Participants REPORTS ON RECENT PUGWASH WORKSHOPS Pugwash Meeting no. 298 . 29 Pugwash Workshop on Security of the Russian Nuclear Complexes: International Assistance in the Liquidation Of Excess Fissile Materials St. Petersburg, Russia, 1–3 July 2004 Pugwash Meeting no.300 . 33 2nd Pugwash Workshop on Science, Society and Ethics Ajaccio, Corsica, France, 10–12 September 2004 Pugwash Meeting no.302 . 50 21st Pugwash Workshop on the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions Geneva, Switzerland, 4–5 December 2004 Pugwash Meeting no. 306 . 68 Third Pugwash Workshop on Threats without Enemies: The Security Aspects of HIV/AIDS Gordon’s Bay, South Africa, 29 April–1 May 2005 SPECIAL REPORTS: CHALLENGES TO THE NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION REGIME Pugwash meeting no. 304, WMD in the Middle East, Cairo, Egypt, 29–31 January 2005 . 77 International Conference on Nuclear Technology and International Development, Tehran, Iran, 5–6 March 2005 . 78 Pugwash . Sir Joseph Rotblat—Appeal to Delegates of the 7th NPT Review Conference 81 Volume 42 ½ Number 1 Pugwash meeting no. 307, Pugwash Consultations on the 7th NPT June 2005 Review Conference, New York, NY, 7 May and 21 May 2005 . 83 Pugwash Council Statement on the Seventh NPT Review Conference . 83 Editor: Sir Joseph Rotblat, “The Fifty Year Shadow,” New York Times, May 17, 2005. 86 Jeffrey Boutwell NATIONAL PUGWASH GROUPS: Argentina Research Assistants: Pugwash Meeting no. 299 . 87 Ben Towbin 2nd Regional Pugwash Workshop on Towards a Solution of Rob Boutwell Economic Inequities in Latin America and of their Social Consequences Jessy Cowan San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina, 10–12 September 2004 Design and Layout: INTERNATIONAL STUDENT/YOUNG PUGWASH . 94 Anne Read PUGWASH HISTORY: . 95 Origins of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, by Sandra Ionno Butcher Printing: Cardinal Press IN MEMORIAM: Ruth Adams (1923–2005)—Obituary and Tributes . 96 Fredericksburg, Virginia OBITUARIES: Hans Bethe, Bentley Glass, Ziro Maki . 101 Members of the Pugwash Council. 103 Cover photo: Sandra Ionno Butcher Calendar of Future Meetings . inside back cover To the Pugwash Community Sir Joseph Rotblat As this issue of the Pugwash Newsletter was being readied for publication, we received the very sad news that Jo Rotblat died in London on August 31 at the age of 96. Jo had been in declining health for several months, and was unable to join us in Hiroshima in July for the 55th Pugwash Conference, the first annual Pugwash con- ference Jo had ever missed. Although Jo was with us in spirit at the Hiroshima con- ference, through taped video messages and John Holdren’s keynote address in Jo’s honor, it was apparent that Pugwash was facing a future without its co-founder, past President, co-Nobel Peace Laureate, and guiding spiritual force. Tributes to the legacy of a remarkable human being have come in from all over the world, and we will devote a substantial portion of the December 2005 issue of the Newsletter to Jo and all that he represented in the quest for a more just and peaceful existence for all humankind. Below is the statement released by the Pugwash Council following Jo’s death. In Memory of Sir Joseph Rotblat A Statement of the Pugwash Council 2 September 2005 he worldwide Pugwash community has lost a friend, cil member, Jo embodied the scientific rigor and ethical Tmentor and moral touchstone. conscience of all that the Pugwash movement aspired to in Jo Rotblat in so many ways was Pugwash, beginning calling on governments and political leaders to rid the with his organizing efforts for the first international scien- world of the menace of nuclear weapons. tific conference in Pugwash, Nova Scotia in 1957, to the Jo’s path to opposing nuclear weapons began earlier, of 54th Pugwash Conference held in Seoul, South Korea in course, when in 1944 he became the only scientist to leave October 2004 – the last he attended. the Manhattan Project and refuse to work further on the For these 47 years, as co-founder, President and Coun- atomic bomb once it was clear the Nazis were defeated. Then, in 1955, he joined Bertrand Russell and Albert Ein- 55th Pugwash Conference on stein in helping to formulate the seminal Russell-Einstein Science and World Affairs Manifesto, which became the founding document of the The December issue will also fully cover the proceedings Pugwash Conferences. As the sole surviving signatory of of the 55th Pugwash Conference on Science and World the Manifesto during its 50th anniversary this year, Jo felt Affairs that took place from 22-27 July 2005 in compelled to continue to stress its relevance to the nuclear Hiroshima, Japan. More than 160 participants from some dangers facing us today. 30 countries attended the conference, which was held just Whatever the political circumstances of the day, and weeks before the 60th anniversaries of the atomic bomb- despite criticism from some about his political idealism ings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Hiroshima confer- and naiveté, Jo’s message remained steadfast: either the ence was truly a remarkable, and sobering, event, remind- world will eliminate nuclear weapons, or we face the ing us all of the urgency of efforts to ensure that nuclear prospect of such weapons eliminating us. The continued weapons are never again used against humanity. presence of such weapons in the arsenals of some coun- While in Hiroshima, the Pugwash Council began to tries, and their possible acquisition by terrorist groups, finalize plans for the 56th Pugwash Conference on Science means one thing: as long as such weapons exist, they will and World Affairs that will be held in Cairo, Egypt in some day be used. November 2006, and more information on that will also Beyond the nuclear menace, however, Jo believed fer- be included in the December 2005 issue. vently in the goal of eliminating war as a means of settling disputes. Accordingly, the Pugwash Conferences over the Challenges to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime years devoted as much effort to bringing together parties in conflict as it did to analyzing the feasibility and desir- In one of the final articles he wrote before his death ability of eliminating nuclear weapons. Inspired by Jo, (reprinted on page 87), Jo warned of the continuing Pugwash has continued to grow, with representation today threats posed by nuclear weapons, and also called on dele- in more than 50 countries around the world, and with gates to the 7th NPT Review Conference then meeting in active involvement in precisely those conflict areas where New York (see page 82) to heed these dangers and act the risk of nuclear weapons use is greatest. forcefully to take concrete steps aimed at eliminating More broadly, his eternal optimism and faith in the nuclear weapons. As printed in the New York Times on fundamental decency of human nature manifested itself in May 17, 2005, Jo’s article recalled the origins of the 1955 his continuous support for the young generation of Stu- Russell-Einstein Manifesto and observed how its 50th dent/Young Pugwash members and recently by the launch anniversary should be a time of serious reflection on how of an educational campaign about the danger of nuclear far we have to go to eliminate nuclear weapons and the weapons. sources of conflict. As it approaches its 50th anniversary, in 2007, Acknowledgments Pugwash will continue to strive for those ideals so won- derfully and eloquently articulated by Jo throughout his Pugwash is grateful to the following organizations for lifetime. We may have lost his companionship, humor and their continued support of the Pugwash Newsletter, as intellectual guidance, but we will never lose his steadfast well as other Pugwash publications and the Pugwash sense of purpose in knowing the right thing to do. website: the Italian National Research Council, the Ger- Nonetheless, we will miss him, dearly. man Research Society, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the Cyrus Eaton Foundation. 2 Pugwash Newsletter, June 2005 PUGWASH MEETING NO. 301 Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs 1995 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 54th Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs Bridging a Divided World Through International Cooperation and Disarmament 4–9 October 2004, Seoul, South Korea these same countries seek to deny nuclear intentions that need to be Statement of the access to nuclear technologies to non- resolved through transparent fulfill- Pugwash Council nuclear weapons states, or—in the ment with IAEA obligations. In this 9 October 2004 case of the United States—threaten volatile region in the world, bold and carry out military pre-emption to steps are needed to support the pro- he Pugwash Council, meeting prevent the acquisition of nuclear posals for a WMD-free zone in the during the 54th Pugwash Con- weapons by other countries. Middle East as well as such initiatives Tference held in Seoul, Korea On the Korean peninsula—the site as the Arab Plan and the Geneva from 5-8 October 2004, expresses its of this year’s Pugwash Conference— Accord that can bring about effective grave concern that the international stability and the relaxation of tension regional security.