Social Innovation and Territorial Development Edited by Diana MacCallum, Frank Moulaert Jean Hillier and Serena Vicari Haddock SOCIAL INNOVATION AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT To Len Arthur, a great friend and the radical uncle we never had. Social Innovation and Territorial Development Edited by DIANA MACCALLUM Griffith University, Australia FRANK MOULAERT Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium JEAN HILLIER University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK SERENA VICARI HADDOCK University of Milan – Bicocca, Italy © Diana MacCallum, Frank Moulaert, Jean Hillier and Serena Vicari Haddock 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Diana MacCallum, Frank Moulaert, Jean Hillier and Serena Vicari Haddock have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Social innovation and territorial development 1. Economic development - Sociological aspects 2. Social change 3. Regional planning 4. Urban renewal I. MacCallum, Diana 306.3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Social innovation and territorial development / edited by Diana MacCallum ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7546-7233-3 1. Community development. 2. Social capital (Sociology) I. MacCallum, Diana. HN49.C6S633 2008 307.1'4--dc22 09ANSHT 2008039454 ISBN: 978 0 7546 7233 3 Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables ix Notes on Contributors xi Preface xv Introduction 1 Diana MacCallum, Frank Moulaert, Jean Hillier and Serena Vicari Haddock PART I – SOCIAL INNOvatiON: NEEDS SatisfactiON, COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND GOVERNANCE 1 Social Innovation: Institutionally Embedded, Territorially (Re)Produced 11 Frank Moulaert 2 Social Innovation for Community Economies 25 J.K. Gibson-Graham and Gerda Roelvink 3 Microfinance, Capital for Innovation 39 Mariana Antohi 4 Civil Society, Governmentality and the Contradictions of Governance-beyond-the-State: The Janus-face of Social Innovation 63 Erik Swyngedouw PART II – CITIES AND SOCIALLY INNOvaTIVE NEIGHBOURHOODS 5 Social Innovation for Neighbourhood Revitalization: A Case of Empowered Participation and Integrative Dynamics in Spain 81 Arantxa Rodriguez 6 How Socially Innovative is Migrant Entrepreneurship? A Case Study of Berlin 101 Felicitas Hillmann vi Social Innovation and Territorial Development 7 Social Innovation, Reciprocity and the Monetarization of Territory in Informal Settlements in Latin American Cities 115 Pedro Abramo 8 Social Innovation and Governance of Scale in Austria 131 Andreas Novy, Elisabeth Hammer and Bernhard Leubolt 9 Inclusive Places, Arts and Socially Creative Milieux 149 Isabel André, Eduardo Brito Henriques and Jorge Malheiros Index 167 List of Figures 1.1 Social innovation and integrated area development 19 2.1 A diverse economy 28 3.1 Microfinance: Mobilisation of financial capital for the (re)construction of social capital 51 6.1 Unemployment rates of the German, foreign and Turkish population in Berlin, 1995–2005 105 6.2 Turkish, Polish and Vietnamese business registrations and cancellations in Berlin, 1992–2006 106 This page has been left blank intentionally List of Tables 8.1 Two ideological camps and corporatist social partnership in Austria 136 9.1 Summary – developing Montemor-o-Novo through arts 157 9.2 Summary – playing Wozzeck in Aldoar 162 9.3 The plasticity of socially creative milieux: Montemor-o-Novo and Aldoar 164 This page has been left blank intentionally Notes on Contributors Pedro Abramo is Professor of Urban Economics at the Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). He coordinates a Latin American Network on urban informality (INFOSOLO) and is director of the Observatory of Urban Land Markets at the University of Rio de Janeiro. His most recent books include: A Cidade Kaleidoscopica (Bertrand do Brasil, 2005) Cidade da Informalidad (Rio de Janeiro: Sette Letras, 2003). He has published extensively on urban economics, urban informality and local development. Isabel André is Professor of Human Geography at the University of Lisbon, Portugal. She coordinates a research project – LINKS – on social capital and innovation networks promoting local development at CEG-UL (Centro de Estudos Geográficos – University of Lisbon). Recently she published ‘Redes y desarrollo local: la importancia del capital social y de la innovación’, Boletín de la AGE, no. 36, 2003, pp. 117–27 (with Patricia Rego) and ‘Portugal: knowledge-intensive services and modernization’ in Peter Wood (ed.) Consultancy and Innovation: the business service revolution in Europe (London and New York: Routledge, 2002), pp. 283–315 (in collaboration with João Ferrão and Paulo Areosa Feio). Mariana Antohi is currently finalizing her PhD in Industrial Economics at the University of Lille 1 (USTL), France. She is a member of CLERSE (a research unit of USTL and CNRS). Her research interests focus on ethics and economics, microfinance and local development, responsible economy initiatives, social inclusion/cohesion processes and the EU social policy. She has been the secretary general of the European Inter-network of Ethical and Responsible Economy Initiatives (IRIS) created within the European Dialogue Platform on ethical and solidarity-based initiatives for combating poverty and social exclusion of the Council of Europe (COE) and with the support of the European Commission. Katherine Gibson is Professor and Head of the Department of Human Geography, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at the Australian National University. Under the pen name J.K. Gibson-Graham she co-authored with Julie Graham The End of Capitalism (as we knew it) (Blackwell, 1996; Minnesota, 2006) and A Post-Capitalist Politics (Minnesota, 2006). With economists Stephen Resnick and Richard Wolff JKGG co-edited Class and Its Others (Minnesota, 2000) and Re/Presenting Class (Duke, 2001). They have pursued local action research internationally and published widely on building alternative economies in place. xii Social Innovation and Territorial Development Julie Graham is Professor and Associate Department Head in the Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst. Under the pen name J.K. Gibson-Graham she co-authored with Katherine Gibson The End of Capitalism (as we knew it) (Blackwell, 1996; Minnesota, 2006) and A Post-Capitalist Politics (Minnesota, 2006). With economists Stephen Resnick and Richard Wolff JKGG co-edited Class and Its Others (Minnesota, 2000) and Re/Presenting Class (Duke, 2001). They have pursued local action research internationally and published widely on building alternative economies in place. Elisabeth Hammer lectures at FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Department of Social Work, with additional research experience at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, Department of City and Regional Development. Her research interests focus on social policy, social work and administration, urban studies and local development. Eduardo Brito Henriques is Professor at the Faculty of Arts, University of Lisbon and Researcher at the Centre for Geographical Studies, University of Lisbon. For over a decade, he has divided his work between urban studies, cultural geography, and leisure and tourism studies. He has published over three dozen titles on these subjects. He has also been closely involved in territorial planning as a past member of the Portuguese National Programme for Spatial Planning Policy Committee and the study group for the Re-qualification and Revitalisation of Historical Urban Centres, both under the Portuguese Department of Territorial Planning and Urban Development. Jean Hillier is Professor of Town and Country Planning at the University of Newcastle. Her main research interests lie in praxis-based planning theories and in discursive and relational analyses of participatory planning strategies. Underlying most of her research is a deep concern with issues of social exclusion, the impact of planning decisions on women and marginalized groups. She is Managing Editor of the international journal Planning Theory. Publications include Stretching Beyond the Horizon: a multiplanar theory of spatial planning and governance (Ashgate, 2007), Shadows of Power: an allegory of prudence in land use planning (Routledge, 2002), and Habitus: a sense of place (edited with Emma Rooksby; 2nd edition, Ashgate, 2005). Felicitas Hillmann is Professor for Human Geography at the University of Bremen, Department for Social Sciences. She has done research for many years in the field of international migration and labour market integration. Recent publications include: Asian Migrants and European Labour Markets (with E. Spaan and Ton van Naerssen; Routledge, 2005); ‘Migrants Care Work in Private Households or: the strength of bilocal and transnational ties as a last(ing) resource in global migration’ in Birgit Pfau-Effinger and Birgit Geissler (eds)Care Work in Europe (Blackwell, 2005). She has published widely on the mobility of the highly Notes on Contributors xiii qualified, gender and migration, ethnic economies and labour market