U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF FOUR HERBICIDES APPLIED TO SURFACE WATER BODIES IN NEW JERSEY By Jacob Gibs Open-File Report 98-573 West Trenton, New Jersey 1998 ^USGS science for a changing world U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas J. Casadevall, Acting Director For additional information Copies of this report can be write to: purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Mountain View Office Park Box 25286 810 Bear Tavern Road, Suite 206 Denver, CO 80225-0286 West Trenton, NJ 08628 CONTENTS Page Abstract............................................................................................................................................1 Introduction............................................................................................ Diquat.............................................^ Application methods and mode of action on susceptible plants..........................................3 Methods of analysis.............................................................................................................4 Extraction, concentration, and removal of analytical interferences.........................4 Determination and identification..............................................................................4 Fate in aquatic systems........................................................................................................6 Partitioning...............................................................................................................? Volatilization................................................................................................? Sorption........................................................................................................7 Degradation..............................................................................................................8 Biologically mediated reactions...................................................................8 Abiotic oxidation/reduction reactions in the water column.........................8 Published studies..................................................................................................................9 Field studies.............................................................................................................9 Numerical simulations.............................................................................................9 Summary of environmental-fate investigations and field studies......................................10 References cited for diquat................................................................................................ 11 Endomall......................................................................................^ Application methods and mode of action on susceptible plants........................................14 Methods of analysis...........................................................................................................14 Extraction, concentration, and removal of analytical interferences....................... 14 Determination and identification............................................................................15 Fate in aquatic systems..:...................................................................................................15 Partitioning.............................................................................................................15 Volatilization..............................................................................................15 Sorption......................................................................................................17 Degradation............................................................................................................17 Biologically mediated reactions.................................................................17 Abiotic oxidation/reduction reactions in the water column.......................18 Published studies................................................................................................................ 18 Field studies...........................................................................................................18 GatunLake, Panama..................................................................................18 Pat Mayse Lake, Texas ..............................................................................19 Numerical simulations...........................................................................................20 Summary of environmental fate investigations and field studies ......................................21 Environmental fate.................................................................................................21 Field studies...........................................................................................................21 References cited for endothall ...........................................................................................22 Fluridone ........................................................................................................................................24 Application methods and mode of action on susceptible plants........................................24 in CONTENTS-Continued Page Methods of analysis...........................................................................................................24 Extraction, concentration, and removal of analytical interferences.......................24 Determination and identification............................................................................25 Fate in aquatic systems......................................................................................................25 Partitioning.............................................................................................................26 Volatilization..............................................................................................26 Sorption......................................................................................................27 Degradation............................................................................................................27 Biologically mediated reactions.................................................................27 Abiotic oxidation/reduction reactions in the water column.......................28 Published studies................................................................................................................28 Field studies...........................................................................................................28 Numerical simulations...........................................................................................29 Summary of environmental fate investigaitons and field studies ......................................29 Environmental fate.................................................................................................29 Field studies...........................................................................................................30 References cited for fluridone............................................................................................30 Glyphosate.....................................................................................................................................34 Application methods and mode of action on susceptible plants........................................34 Methods of analysis...........................................................................................................34 Extraction, concentration, and removal of analytical interferences.......................35 Determination and identification............................................................................37 Fate in aquatic systems......................................................................................................37 Partitioning.............................................................................................................37 Volatilization..............................................................................................37 Sorption......................................................................................................37 Degradation............................................................................................................37 Biologically mediated reactions.................................................................37 Abiotic oxidation/reduction reactions in the water column.......................39 Published studies................................................................................................................40 Field studies...........................................................................................................40 Numerical simulations...........................................................................................42 Summary of environmental fate investigations and field studies ......................................42 Environmental fate.................................................................................................42 Field studies...........................................................................................................42 References cited for glyphosate .........................................................................................43