UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Bulletin 893 METALLIFEROUS MINERAL DEPOSITS OF THE CASCADE RANGE IN OREGON BY EUGENE CALLAGHAN AND A. F. BUDDINGTON Prepared in cooperation with the STATE MINING BOARD OF OREGON UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1938 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. ------ Price 1.25 CONTENTS Page Abstract__. ..................................................... 1 Introduction ^..................................................... 3 Field work and acknowledgments..__---___-____.__..._.___.__._. 3 Previous work. .___________ ________________________________ 4 Surface features^ .:...-............ ____________..___..__.__.___ 6 Climate and vegetation__.___________________________________ 7 Accessibility- ________--___-___-___----_-___-__________________ 7 Geology. _ ___.-----_-----_----------------------------_--___---_-_ 7 General features.--------_-_----___----__----___--_-_,_____.___ 7 Sedimentary rocks of the Rogue River and Bear Creek Valleys._-__- 10 Black lavas of the western margin of the Cascade Range-_-__-_-_-__ 1C Gray andesitic lavas and associated rocks of the Western Cascades._ 11 General features-_---_--_--------_--------..----_--_------__ 11 Basalt -_-i__---___-_---__---_-___--___--._________-___ 12 Labradorite andesite (basaltic andesite)__.__________________ 13 Normal andesite_-________________________________________ 13 Rhyolite-_________________________________________________ 14 Fragmental rocks -_---_---__-------_--_----__----________ 14 Lavas and associated rocks of the High Cascades__-._____.___.____ 15 Dioritic intrusive rocks and contact metamorphism in the Western Cascades- ___------------__---_-:.--_----------_------_-----_ 16 Structure.. _ --__-___---___-_------------_-__-_-_--_-_--__--___ 18 Summary of geologic events__________________________________ 21 Mineral deposits-__-___--_._-_____.___-_----_-__-_--_________-____ 22 General features.-._-----____--_.-_-_--_-___-._-.__._____._-___ 22 History and production. _____________________i_________________ 23 Mineralogy ___________ .............^................... ___--__ 24 Classification of veins__-_---___-_---i___---.i-____________-__--_ 29 Rock alteration____ ...........L. ........^...^^.............. 30 Weathering of veins__-________-__i________________________--__ 32 Vein structure and ore shoots._ _ _ ^ _. i_i__-____.___________._____ 33 Zoning of mineral deposits.__.._-.__--__.-_--_.__-_.________--_. 35 Genesis__ _- -._--_---__-_-__-___--_______-_______________--__ 36 Placers__-_--_--_-_.----__-____-_ -_-__-__-_-___--_____-_-._---_ 36 Economic considerations.________________________________________ 37 Mineralized areas and mining districts.____-_--_-----_____-______---_ 38 Bohemia district.._i_-_-__--_---_-_--_---___-______-_____---_-- 38 Location and accessibility----.------.--..----._--..-_..---- 39 Surface features-_-_----_-____---------------_-_-__---_--_- 39 Geology- .........-..^..... ............................. 40 General features.---._--_-------_----_---_.-.--_-___--- 40 Volcanic rocks.____.-______-__-__-_-_-.______._-__---- 40 Dioritic-intrusive rocks_--_-_-_---.--------------------- 41 Contact-metamorphic rocks__--_------.-___---__---_---- 42 Structure- _____________________________________________ 42 ui IV CONTENTS Mineralized areas and mining districts Continued. Bohemia district Continued. Mineral deposits._________________.,.--_______-_____________.. 44 General features____---------------------------_---_._- 44 History and production._______________________________ 44 Classification...._ _______---__-_--_-__--_____-___-_____ 47 Base-metal veins with variable amounts of gold _______ 47 Veins of quartz and clay minerals_____.__-___._.-__ 47 Pyrite and cherty quartz veins._____________________ 48 Chalcopyrite and quartz veins__.____-__.___--__-__. 48 Gold-quartz and gold-calcite-quartz veins___________ 48 Stibnite-pyrite-quartz veins_______________________ 48 Specularite and magnetite veinlets and disseminated specularite..._-__--_----__------__-_____________ 48 Disseminated pyrite._-------__----___-____________ 48 Zonal arrangement._ .-----_-_------_______-___._____ 48 Hydrothermal and supergene alteration of wall rock. ______ 49 Future of the district_____----_---_----_--___-.__._____ 50 Mines and prospects._____----_-_--___---_-_-______________ 51 Champion and Evening Star.___________________________ 51 Helena._-__-_-__----_-_--___--_-________.____.______. 54 Musick_ ____----_--__-_-___-_____-__________________ 57 Noonday.____-_--_---_---__---____---________________ 60 Vesuvius.____________________________________________ 62 Combination. _ _____-_--_---__---______________________ 63 Cosmos ____-_-------------_-----__--__-___-__-_____._ 64 Cripple Creek.________________________________________ 65 Crystal_ ____________________________________________ 66 El Capitan, President, or ChurchiLL _ ____________________ 67 Glenwood.___________________________________________ 67 Four Monte._________________________________________ 67 Gem, Rico, and Slide._----_-_-__----___-_____-___.____ 67 Gold Cross..__.___.._-----__..._.......___..._. 67 Golden Slipper.-____------___-______--_---_______.__.. 67 Gray Eagle and Alice.---.-.---______________________ 68 Grizzly_____________________________________________ 68 Ingham. ________-_--_------__-__---_-______--_-______ 69 Leroy._ _______---_----_---_---__---_-----___-_______i 69 Mayflower________._- -..._ _____________________ 70 North Fairview_--_---------_------------------___---. 71 Ophir.______..--_---_----------___---_-.___.__ 72 Oregon-Colorado ______________________________________ 72 Orofino___________--__-____---_--_-__---__-.___-____ 73 Peekaboo___..__. __________ _. _____ 73 Rattlesnake..________-_-_---_-___---___---___-___-____ 74 Reed and Fletcher__---_-_---__--_-_---_-----_--__ 74 Riverside.- _ _-______-'--------------------------__--_-- 74 Shotgun _ ______________----__-____--------_---------_. 75 Star-.______-_____.-.--_-.-----.--------------------_ 75 Stonewall...--.-- _---_---_ _-____-____--_-_--___ 76 Sunset.__----_-_------------------ -_._--_--..-___ 70 Syndicate- _.-__-____--_-_----_----_--------_---------. 77 Sweepstakes __________________________________________ 78 CONTENTS V Mineralized areas and mining districts Continued. Bohemia district Continued. Mines and prospects Continued. Pftse Tall Timber-----.-'-----------------------..--.-----_.. 78 Utopian _______-_-_--__---_--__---------_-_-_-_------- 78 War Eagle.._._ - 79 Yellow Jacket..__-.---___.______-- .......... 80 Other prospects... ... -- -_ -_-~ 81 Cheeney Creek area______-_---_-_-_-.__----_-__-_____.__-_-_ 81 North Santiam di8trict______--_-------_-------_--__----_-_-_-__ 82 Location and accessibility---------.----------..-----------.. 82 Surface features..._____-_-------___-_--__-_-_.___---___.._ 82 Geology. _-.--__-. .-_..---- __.--____ .__ ._ 83 Volcanic rocks.__-_-_--_----____--__-_--__--_-___---__ 83 Dioritic intrusive rocks..___._-_____.__._---____..______ 83 Contact-metamorphic rocks _____-_--______._____..__. 84 Structure __---_ - - -._-.__ __ _ 84 Mineral deposits_____-_--_------_-_--_----_---_-_-_-_---_- 85 History and production.__._____-____._-_..__________-_ 85 Mineralogy and types of vein8_-_-_-_--_--__-----___.-_. 85 Mines and prospects.______________________________________ 87 Amalgamated ______-_---_______--_--_---__-__-_-___._- 87 Bimetallic and Goldbug-...__.-_.__._.-_.___.__ 89 Black Eagle--.--.--------___-_-_-__--_.--.-.__-.- 89 Blende Oro.........__---_-_-___---_______-._--.-_..- 90 Capital- ------.----.-.-------------------------__ 91 . Crown ._____-__--_-_-----__-__---_-_---__--_-_____-__ 91 Elkhorn Creek-..._--_--.._._..._.__________.. 93 Gold Creek M. & M-.-._.__....-----.-.-......__.._... 93 Mineral Harbor_______________________________________ 94 Ogle Mountain.____-____-.___.___.____.._-_--.____--._ 94 Riverside -__---_-__-__-________--.---__________-______ 95 Santiam._ ____________________________________________ 95 Silver King_____ _______ _ ____________ 97 Silver Star.._____..._______.__________._- 98 Wolz. -.__-.-----.-----------------.....-.--__-.__.--. 98i Other prospects.___-_-___.-______-_-_____.__________._ 99 Quartzville district..______-_----._______-_____-.-________-_-- 99 Location and accessibility.-..-__..______-________________.__. 99 Surface features._______---_-____-____-___-____-_-______.__ 99 Geology________.___._______.__________ 1(30 Volcanic rocks..-__-----___-_-_-_-__-_________________ 100 Dioritic intrusive rocks and contact metamorphism.___.__. 100 Structure.._-_--_-------__-__-_-_-_-____________._._.. 101 Mineral deposits--_____-_________________L__..____________ 101 History and production.--..___.._._-__-_-.._____---___ 101 Mineralogy and types of veins.-_------ ____-________._ 102 Mines and prospects.____--_--______-___________-____._.__. 103 Albany.-_-______________________________.____________ 103 Bob and Betty or Smith and McLeary.__________________ 105 Galena.--_-_.-_._________-_._....____________ 106 Golden Fleece.___._._-____._.__-____.__._.___... 106 Hastings.--_-.______-.__..__._..._.________________ 106 Y! CONTENTS Mineralized areas and mining districts Continued. Quartzville district Continued. Mines and prospects Continued. Lawler ______________---_____-_:._____.._______..________ 107 "Mammoth Reef_____--_--_--_-______________________ 108 Mule...._.--.._.._.-.__ __...___.______.. 108 Munro._..._.__.._-