COMMUNITIES O PLANTHOPPERS AND LEA HOPPERS (HEMIPTERA: ULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) INHABITING SELECTED PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE STO£OWE MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK The Monograph ZGRUPOWANIA PIEWIKÓW (HEMIPTERA: ULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) WYBRANYCH ZBIOROWISK ROLINNYCH PARKU NARODOWEGO GÓR STO£OWYCH Monografia 1 ROCZNIK MUZEUM GÓRNOL¥SKIEGO W BYTOMIU PRZYRODA NR 19 Daniel Gaj, Marcin Walczak, Wac³aw Wojciechowski ZGRUPOWANIA PIEWIKÓW (HEMIPTERA: ULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) WYBRANYCH ZBIOROWISK ROLINNYCH PARKU NARODOWEGO GÓR STO£OWYCH Monografia Bytom 2009 2 ANNALS O THE UPPER SILESIAN MUSEUM IN BYTOM NATURAL HISTORY NO. 19 Daniel Gaj, Marcin Walczak, Wac³aw Wojciechowski COMMUNITIES O PLANTHOPPERS AND LEA HOPPERS (HEMIPTERA: ULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) INHABITING SELECTED PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE STO£OWE MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK The Monograph Bytom 2009 3 Editorial board / Redakcja: Jacek Betleja, Piotr Cempulik, Roland Dobosz (Head Editor / Redaktor Naczelny), Tadeusz B. Hada, Witold Ryka, Jacek Szwedo Manuscript submission / Adres redakcji: Department of Natural History, Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Dzia³ Przyrody, Muzeum Górnol¹skie w Bytomiu Plac Jana III Sobieskiego 2, 41902 Bytom, Poland tel./fax +48 32 281 34 01 #125 e-mail: [email protected] World List abbreviation: Roczn. Muz. górnol. (Przyr.) Issued 28 December 2009 © Copyright by Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom 2009 PL ISSN 0068-466X ISBN 978-83-8880-57-5 Printed in Poland 4 CONTENTS / SPIS TRECI Abstract ...................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction .................................................................................... 7 2. Physiography of the Sto³owe Mountains ....................................... 10 2.1. Geological structure ....................................................................... 10 2.2. Soils of the Sto³owe Mountains National Park .............................. 11 2.3. Climate of the Sto³owe Mountains National Park .......................... 11 2.4. Hydrological conditions ................................................................. 12 2.5. Ilora of the Sto³owe Mountains National Park .............................. 12 2.6. The Sto³owe Mountains National Park and environmental protection 13 3. Characteristics of the Research Plots ............................................. 14 4. Materials and research methods ..................................................... 21 4.1. Analysis of data in quantitative and qualitative research ............... 21 4.1.1. Domination index (D) .................................................................... 22 4.1.2. Constancy of occurrence (C) .......................................................... 23 4.1.3. Synthetic index (Q) ........................................................................ 23 4.1.4. Iidelity coefficient (W) .................................................................. 23 4.1.5. Species diversity ............................................................................. 24 4.1.6. Community similarities .................................................................. 26 4.1.7. Discriminant analysis ..................................................................... 26 4.2. Chorological analysis ..................................................................... 28 4.3. Ecological analysis ......................................................................... 29 5. Results ............................................................................................ 30 5.1. Communities of the Iulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha on the Research Plots .................................................................. 39 5.2. Qualitative analysis ........................................................................ 122 5.3 Indices of species richness and species evenness ........................... 122 5.4. Similarities of the Iulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha communities in the Research Plots ............................................. 123 5.5. Discriminant analysis ..................................................................... 123 5.6. Chorological analysis ..................................................................... 124 5.7. Ecological analysis ......................................................................... 125 6. A review of rare species of the Iulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha collected in the Sto³owe Mountains National Park .................... 126 7. Discussion ...................................................................................... 131 8. Summary ........................................................................................ 141 9. References ...................................................................................... 142 Streszczenie (Polish summary) .................................................................. 151 Annexes ...................................................................................................... 161 5 Daniel Gaj1, Marcin Walczak2, Wac³aw Wojciechowski3 Department of Zoology, University of Silesia, ul. Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice 1 e-mail: [email protected] 2 e-mail: [email protected] 3 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The paper presents distributional data on the planthoppers and leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Iulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha) occurring in the area of Sto³owe Mountains National Park, abbreviated as SMNP (Polish: Park Narodowy Gór Sto³owych) Syntaxonomical Subregion of the Western Sudetes, Syntaxonomical Region of the Sudetes, Sudetian Divide, SW Poland; UTM: [WR 99] and [XR 90]. The inventory of planthoppers and leafhoppers, their host plants, as well as ecological and chorological characteristic are given. The taxonomic structure, the chorological structure as well as ecological structure and trophic relationships of the planthoppers and leafhoppers of SMNP are given and discussed. The study of the Iulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha in the Sto³owe Mountains National Park was conducted between 2003 and 2006. Over the Parks area there were selected 29 research areas (Iig. 1), from which samples were collected at 15 day intervals (i.e. at the beginning and in the middle of the month, with the accuracy of plus or minus three days), starting at the beginning of May and finishing in the middle of October (12 sample collections per one vegetation season). Altogether 1044 samples were collected, 36 from each research area (quantitative method). Moreover, bounties of planthoppers and leafhoppers were collected using a qualitative method. This insects were collected in the Sto³owe Mountains National Park, there were selected 29 research areas situated within the patches of various types of plant communities, including: seminatural and anthropogenic meadow communities belonging to the Molinio-Arrhenathereta and Nardo-Callunetea classes, forest communities belonging to the Vaccinio-Piceetea class, secondary communities belonging to the Querco-agetea class, moss-sedge peat bogs and high bogs belonging to the Scheuchzerio-Caricetea class. During the period of research conducted in the Sto³owe Mountain National Park (Iig. 1) from 2003 to 2006, there were collected the representatives of 103 species of the Iulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha (Tabs. 42, 43) out of about 520 species whose presence in Poland had been recorded up till then (CHUDZICKA, 2004). There were found 33 species which had never been recorded in the Sudetes range before (Tab. 42) (NAST, 1976a, GAJ & DRÓ¯D¯-GAJ, 2005, PILARCZYK & SZWEDO, 2005), of which one species, namely Eupteryx signatipennis (BOHEMAN, 1847) (Table 2, Iig. 31, 32, 33), had never been recorded in the area of Poland before. The chorological analysis of the collected material has shown that the Euro-Siberian and European elements were the most abundantly represented ones in the investigated area. The ecological analysis of the collected material has shown that the mezohygrophilous, mezoheliophilous, oligophagous and oligotopic species were the most abundantly represented ones in the investigated area. The voucher specimens are deposited in the entomological collections of the Department of Zoology, University of Silesia in Katowice. Key words: Hemiptera, Iulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha, Auchenorrhyncha, Park Narodowy Gór Sto³owych, Sto³owe Mountain National Park, faunistics, ecological relationships, host- plant relationships, chorology, origin of fauna 6 1. INTRODUCTION The planthoppers and leafhoppers (Iulgoromorpha EVANS, 1946 et Cicadomorpha EVANS, 1946) are groups of hemipteran insects which can be found in almost all habitats of the contemporary world. Both groups had been considered to constitute a common group of Auchenorrhyncha DUMÉRIL, 1806, but recently conducted morphological and molecular studies showed that the Iulgomorpha and Cicadomorpha belonged to two separate suborders within the order Hemiptera (BOURGOI & CAMPBELL, 2002; SZWEDO et al., 2004). However, it has to be highlighted that the study of the process of oogenesis and the structure of ovaries in the groups in question (SZKLARZEWICZ et al., 2007) definitely confirm the monophyletic origin of the Auchenorrhyncha. The Iulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha constitute an important part of the trophic network of land ecosystems, in which they form species communities characterized by complexity in both their structure and dynamics of number (SCHIEMENZ, 1969; ANDRZEJEWSKA, 1979; WALOII, 1980; CURRY, 1994; NICKEL et al., 2002), at the same time being a sensitive indicator