Every week, priests reminded Christians of the awful things that The First Crusade happenedto sinful people in hell. The only escape was to do penance, but it was difficult to know if they had done enoughto avoid hell. Without this confidence, manylived in fear. However, 4% 1 a Rewrite Source A Wyle Lil} objectives an indulgence was a guaranteethatall their bad deeds would be using modern forgiven. It was like a Christian get-out-of-hell-free card. language. e Understand the reasons whypeople joined the First Crusade, What do you think people in ‘ sg b Present your its key features and consequences. medieval times would have Chivalry speechto a partner. e Identify and use a rangeofhistorical terms in your writing. been willing to fight and die for? Another reason forjoining the crusades was chivalry*. Pope Urban II They should note launched the First Crusade in November1095. He made it clear that a down any words crusade waslike a pilgrimage for knights. They could usetheir skills in that Urban would In November 1095, Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade. battle and siege warfare and earn a place in heaven. definitely not have Gathering many important churchmen around him, he gave a used. powerful speech. He told tales of Turks torturing Christians, cutting Holy Land*:An area of land Land and booty a 2 Pick out five historical open pilgrims to see if they had hidden gold in their intestines and in the Middle East that is Somecrusaders went to the Holy Land in search of booty*, hoping terms from this page spreading their blood across holy sites. He begged his audience to Seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeoeeeeeeesed important to Christians, to return homewith great riches. Others wanted land. For example, and use them to try to help their fellow Christians. These were strong words and they spread Muslimsand Jews.It includes BohemondofTaranto, whosefamily land in Europe had been lost, convince your partner quickly. Soon, 60,000 people prepared to march to Jerusalem. There placeslike Jerusalem that are hoped to capture some in the Holy Land. When the crusaders took to go on crusade. were a numberofreasons that led people to become crusaders. linked to the life of the important city of Antioch on the wayto Jerusalem, Bohemond Jesus Christ. Fighting for God made himself its prince. He had achieved his personal aim and he abandonedthe crusade. Indulgence*: The grant of a One reason wasto fight a war with religious goal. The aim was reduction in punishmentfor to capture Jerusalem from the Muslims and take control of the Chivalry*: The way a knight sins. Holy Land*.In return, they were offered an extraordinary reward. Conical helmet Eh Shield was supposed to behave. Whether they succeededor not, anyone Knights were expected to be Chainmail who went on crusade would receive an strong, brave and skilled in Afraid of Hell? Worried you haven't done indulgence* (see Figure 3.6). An indulgence warfare. enough Lance good works to was oneof the best rewards the Church had makeup Booty*: The valuable items for your sins? to offer medieval people. stolen by the winner after a siege or battle. Then do theultimate penance:join the Source A: From Pope Urban Il’s speech > to the Council of Clermont in 1095. It was Figure 3.7: A knight at the time of the First Crusade. First Crusade. written by a monk who mayhave been Source B: From the Alexiad written by ) present when the speech was delivered. Anna Comnena between 1143 and 1153. Jerusalem, situated in the middle of the Yourtum She was the daughter of Emperor Alexius |. world, is now held captive by God’s enemies 1 Sum up Anna Comnena’s message in 140 ‘There were amongthe crusaders such men and is made servant, by those who know not characters for a social media site. as [Bohemond] andhis fellow advisers, God, for the ceremonies of the heathen.It #%2 Read your messageoutto a partner. Ask who,eager to take the Byzantine Empire for looks for help from you [knights], especially, them to explain why Anna Comnenathinks themselves, had been looking with greed upon because, as we have said, God has given glory the crusaders went to the Byzantine it for a long time. Seeing an openingfortheir in arms upon you morethan on any other Empire. plansin the expedition to Jerusalem, they Reward: forgiveness of F nation. Undertakethis journey, therefore, sa 3 Bohemond had attacked the Byzantine stirred up this huge movementand,in order all your sins, guaranteed for the [forgiveness] of your sins, with the Empire in the 1080s. Discuss with your to trick the more simple, they faked a crusade place in heaven! promiseof ‘glory which cannotfade’ in the partner how this might affect the against the Turks to regain the Holy Sepulchre kingdom of heaven. ee S reliability of the source. Xandsoldall their Ppossessions. S Figure 3.6: Whatis a crusade indulgence? @eeeeeeeSeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeoeasoeoeeoeaeeeeeeeeoe end 84 85 The Crusades Why was Jerusalem worth dying =o Events and consequencesofthe First Crusade Checkpoint October 1097 Antioch: The Key BE i 1 Explain why people crusaders set up camp at Antioch oes be Bee es and begin a siege. They makelittle == == Godfrey of Bouillon volunteered to join the progress and begin to starve, so January 1098 Antioch: Northern French ” —pz many give up and return home. First Crusade. Use at least Thinking God wasagainst === = Raymond of Toulouse the siege, the crusaders sent one of the following words N == == Bohemond of Taranto all the women away, hoping ? AG Se === = Baldwin of Boulogne in your answer: penance, 1 City of Antioch this would impress him. ies ee = === Combined armiesof the First Crusade chivalry, booty. 2 List three places that Iron Gate were importantin the First Crusade and write a November1096 — May 1097 Constantinople: _ | February 1098 Edessa: = pcos a short description of what Citadel Crusaders begin to pass through the city on ee Baldwin of Boulogne defeats 7 VEZ en ,3 } - *S. Cistern e their way to the Holy Land. a few groupsof Turksin happened at each. ae battle. The Armenian people Us e e ‘ aE 1", ig Sia FS,Constantinople of Edessainvite him to V/ ek ae i rd =? 3 Create a recruitment becometheir new leader. poster to encourage ee=e*® _ GNicaeaa ome = 3 June 1098 Antioch: SS ' Phe @ Edessa Bohemondof Taranto people to help protect the holds secret talks with a May 1097 Nicaea: The ‘ ee 1097 Holy Land after 1099. ee crusaderswin their first SwHerakleia! ¢I be eorlob. - gatekeeper, who helps the ~ => os aw 1 i 3 une ‘ St George crusaders break into the city. siege by blocking off rae Siege of Antioch Gate accessto the city and Me "OS | battering its walls with ® April 1099 Arqah: Thefinder SNS 4 June 1098 Antioch: A ‘| siege weapons. huge army of Turks, led by Agana of the Holy Lance decides to l/ Kerbogha, arrives and traps I prove his advice comesfrom the crusadersin the city. ; } God. He walksthroughfire, t lance in hand, but dies 12 . dayslater from the burns. i Jerusalem® > June 1099 Jerusalem: The 15 July 1099 Jerusalem: 14 June 1098 Antioch: crusaders reach Jerusalem Jerusalem is captured. The A peasant dug up a relic and begin to besiegethe city. crusaders murder the Muslims called the Holy Lance. The and Jews.Thentheyvisit the 28 June 1098 Antioch: Bohemondleads the discovery motivates the “| Church of the Holy Sepulchre crusaders out of the city crusadersto fight the Turks. to thank Godfor their victory. and risks a battle with the muchlarger Muslim army. Against the odds, the crusaderswin. Figure 3.8: Events and consequencesof the First Crusade. Short-term consequences ¢ The loss of crusaders: After Jerusalem was Why was Jerusalem worth dying for? The First Crusade was a success, but the captured, most crusaders went home. Few were immediate consequence was that the crusaders left to protect their new possessions. In groupsof three, identify three groups who were preparedto die for Jerusalem. had to look after what they had won. There were a ¢ Anew crusadefailed: In 1101, the pope asked numberof problems. Each person should represent a group, researching the reasons why they would fight and die for those who had run awayfrom the First Crusade Jerusalem. Write up the research onto small cards. ¢ Protecting captured land: Edessa, Antioch and to go on a new one. It was unsuccessful, leaving Jerusalem were now under Christian control, the Holy Land defenceless. Put all the cards on the table. Move cards that have a similar point on them near to each other. but they were surrounded by Muslim forces who Use the cards to help write an answer to the question: ‘Why was Jerusalem worth dying for?’ wanted the cities back. 86 What have you learned? Writing historically In this section, you have learned: You are going to write an answerto the question ‘Howreliable is Source A for an enquiry into how Baldwin Utility becameruler of Edessa?’ This is a reliability question, so it is asking you to think about the provenanceof ¢ aboutIslamic civilisation, the Byzantine Empire and the First Crusade questions A sevpmecemicmmenneniene Source A in order to make a decision. The activities on this page will help you to construct a strong answer. ¢ how to use historical sources to find out aboutthe past. Introduction Whatare their views Is it a story, a piece of Wasthis during or after Whatis provenance? should demonstrate that you understand whatthe question is about.As it isa or background? art or something else? what they describe? The introduction The provenanceofa sourceis reliability question focused on specific enquiry, you shouldbriefly describe the enquiry. An example \ | / the background detail about the introduction mightsay: Whoproducedit? Whatdid they produce? Whendid they person who producedit and the produceit? circumstances in which it was ‘Source A describes how Baldwin of Boulogne became ruler of Edessa.