BUREAUS FOR ASIA AND FOOD SECURITY PESTICIDE EVALUATION REPORT AND SAFE USE ACTION PLAN (PERSUAP) IEE AMENDMENT: §216.3(B) PESTICIDE PROCEDURES PROJECT/ACTIVITY DATA Project/Activity Name: Feed the Future Cambodia Harvest II (“Harvest II”) Amendment #: 1 Geographic Location: South East Asia (Cambodia) Implementation Start/End: 1/1/2017 to 12/31/2021 Implementing Partner(s): Abt Associates, International Development Enterprises (iDE), Emerging Markets Consulting (EMC) Tracking ID/link: Tracking ID/link of Related IEE: Asia 16-042 https://ecd.usaid.gov/repository/pdf/46486.pdf Tracking ID/link of Other Related Analyses: ORGANIZATIONAL/ADMINISTRATIVE DATA Implementing Operating Unit: Cambodia Funding Operating Unit: Bureau for Asia Initial Funding Account(s): $17.5 M Total Funding Amount: Amendment Funding Date / Amount: April 2017-April 2022 Other Affected Units: Bureau for Food Security Lead BEO Bureau: Asia Prepared by: Alan Schroeder, PhD, MBA; Kim Hian Seng, PhD, with support from Abt Associates and iDE Date Prepared: 8/2/2018 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE REVIEW DATA Analysis Type: §216.3(B) Pesticide Procedures - PERSUAP Environmental Determination: Negative Determination with Conditions PERSUAP Procedures Expiration Date: 12/31/2021 Climate Risks Considerations / Conditions 2018 Feed the Future Cambodia Harvest II PERSUAP 1 ACRONYMS AI Active Ingredient A/COR Agreement/Contracting Officer’s Representative ASIA Bureau for Asia BEO Bureau Environmental Officer BMP Best Management Practice BRC British Retail Consortium BT Bacillus thuringiensis CABI Commonwealth Agriculture Bureau International CFR Code of Federal Regulations DAALI Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Land Improvement DPPSP Department of Plant Protection, Sanitary and Phytosanitary EA Environmental Assessment EC50 Effective Concentration 50 EHS Environmental, Health and Safety EMMP Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan EPA US Environmental Protection Agency EPC Empty Pesticide Container EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FFS Farmer Field Schools FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act FRAC Fungicide Resistance Action Committee FTF Feed the Future GAP Good Agriculture Practice GDA General Directorate of Agriculture GlobalGAP Global Good Agriculture Practices GOC Royal Government of Cambodia GUP General Use Pesticide ha Hectare HARVEST Helping Address Rural Vulnerabilities and Ecosystem Stability HDPE High Density Polyethylene HRAC Herbicide Resistance Action Committee HT Highly Toxic iDE International development Enterprises IEE Initial Environmental Examination IGR Insect Growth Regulator IP Implementing Partner IPM Integrated Pest Management IRAC Insecticide Resistance Action Committee kg Kilograms km Kilometers 2018 Feed the Future Cambodia Harvest II PERSUAP 2 LC50 Lethal Concentration 50 LD50 Lethal Dose 50 LOP Length of Project m Meters masl Meters above sea level MEO Mission Environmental Officer MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MRL Maximum Residue Level/Limit MT Moderately Toxic NGO Non-Governmental Organization PAN Pesticide Action Network PER Pesticide Evaluation Report PERSUAP Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safe Use Action Plan PGR Plant Growth Regulator pH log of hydrogen concentration, measure of acidity PHI Pre-Harvest Interval PIC Prior Informed Consent POP Persistent Organic Pollutants PMP Pest Management Plan PPE Personal Protection Equipment RD Reproductive & Developmental toxin REI Re-Entry Interval RUP Restricted Use Pesticide S&C Standards and Certification SDS Safety Data Sheet SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary SPU Safe Pesticide Use SS Scoping Statement SUAP Safe Use Action Plan UC University of California UN United Nations US United States USAID US Agency for International Development USEPA US Environmental Protection Agency WHO World Health Organization 2018 Feed the Future Cambodia Harvest II PERSUAP 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 PERSUAP SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 6 SECTION 1: CROP / PEST INFORMATION .................................................................................................. 25 Harvest II Crops Agronomic Information ...................................................................................................... 26 Pesticide Information ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Pesticides Recommended in This Harvest II PERSUAP ............................................................................... 30 PERSUAP-Approved Fungicides and Bactericides ............................................................................ 30 PERSUAP-Approved Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators .......................................................... 34 PERSUAP-Approved Insecticides and Miticides ............................................................................... 36 Integrated Pest Management .......................................................................................................................... 41 Pesticide Information ..................................................................................................................................... 43 SECTION 2: CAMBODIA PESTICIDE STUDY METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS ................................ 45 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 45 Findings .......................................................................................................................................................... 45 SECTION 3: PESTICIDE EVALUATION REPORT ....................................................................................... 48 3.1 Factor A: USEPA Registration Status of the Proposed Pesticides ........................................................... 48 3.2 Factor B: Basis for Selection of Pesticides .............................................................................................. 49 3.3 Factor C: Extent to Which the Proposed Pesticide Use Is, or Could Be, Part of an IPM Program .......... 50 3.4 Factor D: Proposed Method or Methods of Application, Including the Availability of Application and Safety Equipment ...................................................................................................................................... 51 3.5 Factor E: Any Acute and Long-Term Toxicological Hazards, Either Human or Environmental, Associated with the Proposed Use, and Measures Available to Minimize Such Hazards ........................ 51 3.6 Factor F: Effectiveness of the Requested Pesticide for the Proposed Use ............................................... 52 3.7 Factor G: Compatibility of the Proposed Pesticide Use with Target and Non-Target Ecosystems ......... 53 3.8 Factor H: Conditions Under Which the Pesticide Is to Be Used, Inlcuding Climate, Geography, Hydrology, and Soils ................................................................................................................................ 54 3.9 Factor I: Availability of Other Pesticides or Non-Chemical Control Methods ........................................ 58 3.10 Factor J: Host Country’s Ability to Regulate or Control the Use, Distribution, Storage, and Disposal of the Requested Pesticide ............................................................................................................................ 59 3.11 Factor K: Provision for Training of Users and Applicators ................................................................... 60 3.12 Factor L: Provision Made for Monitoring the Use and Effectiveness of Each Pesticide ....................... 61 SECTION 4: SAFER USE ACTION PLAN TEMPLATE AS RECOMMENDED BY BFS BEO .................. 61 ANNEXES ......................................................................................................................................................... 64 Annex 1: Harvest II Crops, Pests, Diseases, Weeds GAP and IPM Plan Information................................... 64 Cambodia Asparagus IPM Tools and Tactics .................................................................................... 64 Cambodia Black Pepper IPM Tools and Tactics ................................................................................ 66 Cambodia Brassicaceous Crops IPM Tools and Tactics ..................................................................... 68 2018 Feed the Future Cambodia Harvest II PERSUAP 4 Cambodia Cashew Crop IPM Tools and Tactics ................................................................................ 74 Cambodia Citrus IPM Tools and Tactics........................................................................................... 77 Cambodia Cucurbitaceous Crops IPM Tools and Tactics ................................................................... 82 Cambodia Ginger and Turmeric IPM Tools and Tactics ..................................................................... 88 Cambodia Guava and Jujube IPM Tools and Tactics ......................................................................... 90 Cambodia Lady Finger Banana Crop IPM Tools and Tactics ............................................................. 92 Cambodia