Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-67148-5 - Germans to Poles: Communism, Nationalism and Ethnic Cleansing after the Second World War Hugo Service Index More information Index Allied Control Council in Berlin, 197 Potsdam Conference (1945); Teheran Allies’ decision to expel Germans from Conference (1943); Yalta Conference East-Central Europe. See Britain; (1945) Potsdam Conference (1945); Soviet military mission in postwar Poland, 109, 198, Union; United States of America 200 Allies’ decisions on postwar territorial changes. British Occupation Zone of Germany, 105, 107, See Britain; Potsdam Conference (1945); 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 118, 122, 197, 198, Soviet Union; Teheran Conference 200, 205, 222, 339, 341, 343 (1943); United States of America; Yalta Bukovina, 25, 307, 319 Conference (1945) Byrnes, James, 58, 240 armed underground resistance in occupied Poland, 47. See also Home Army; camps for Germans National Armed Forces in Czechoslovakia, 325 Attlee, Clement, 51, 52 in Hungary, 322 in Poland’s new territories, 101–2, 106–7, 109, Belorussia. See Belorussians; forced migration of 112, 164, 191–3, 197–8, 200, 204, 211, 241, Poles and Polish Jews from the 246, 248, 327 Ukrainian, Lithuanian and Belorussian in Poland’s prewar territories, 327 Soviet Socialist Republics (1944–7); in Romania, 321 Soviet Union in Yugoslavia, 322 Belorussians Centre against Expulsions (Zentrum gegen expulsion from postwar Poland, 54, 315, 317 Vertreibungen), 6 in interwar Poland, 21 Churchill, Winston, 44, 46, 49, 51 in Soviet-occupied eastern Poland (1939–41), hypocrisy, 58, 240 21, 22, 24, 25 collectivization Beneˇs, Edvard, 325 in Poland’s new territories, 63, 141–3, 202 Beria, Lavrentii, 36 in Soviet-occupied eastern Poland (1939–41), Berlin blockade and airlift (1948–9), 246 22, 23 Bessarabia, 25, 307, 319 in the Soviet Union, 34 Bierut, Bolesław, 61, 62 Cominform, 60, 62, 141 Bismarck, Otto von, 151 Communist Party of Poland (dissolved 1938), 46, Bozek,˙ Arkadiusz, 250 53 Brandt, Willy, 344 Croatia, 33 Britain cultural cleansing agreement to allow the mass transportation of in eastern Poland under Soviet occuation Germans from Poland to the British (1939–41), 296, 314 Zone (1946), 105 in northern East Prussia (postwar Soviet decision to expel Germans from East-Central region of Kaliningrad), 337 Europe, 9, 43 in postwar southeastern Poland, 317 decisions on postwar territorial changes, 42, in the borderlands of postwar western 43, 44, 46, 49, 50, 98, 159, 243. See also Czechoslovakia, 336 370 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-67148-5 - Germans to Poles: Communism, Nationalism and Ethnic Cleansing after the Second World War Hugo Service Index More information Index 371 in the Soviet Socialist Republics of Ukraine, southern (postwar Poland), 12, 44, 82, 150, Lithuania and Belorussia after the 159, 288, 289. See also Polish Protestant Second World War, 314–15 Church; re-Polonization; verification in the Soviet Union during the Second World action War, 37 Eden, Anthony, 42 in the western Polish territories annexed by elections in Poland (1947), 59, 202 Nazi Germany, 16 Estonia, 25 cultural cleansing in Poland’s new territories ethnic screening de-Germanization of the Roman Catholic sifting Czechs from Germans in postwar Church, 269, 272, 286–8 Czechoslovakia, 329–30 de-Protestantization and Catholicization, sifting Germans from Czechs in postwar 288–94 Poland’s new territories, 232 educational, cultural and social instititutions, sifting Germans from Czechs in the Nazi 280–1, 296–7, 298 German-occupied Czech lands, 32–3 German books, 281–4, 287–8 sifting Poles from Ukrainians in postwar material culture, 266–7, 269–75, 276–9 southeastern Poland, 317, 320 gravestones, 272–4, 278–9 sifting Ukrainians from Poles in postwar place and street names, 267–9, 275–6, Soviet Ukraine, 312 277 See also Deutsche Volksliste (German Ethnicity Cyrankiewicz, Jozef,´ 59 List); rehabilitation action; verification Czechoslovakia, 2, 9, 60, 65, 71, 75, 76, 79, 80, action 223 expulsion of Germans from East-Central and objective of an ethnically homogeneous Eastern Europe, 87, 97, 339 nation-state, 306, 325, 333, 335, 348 Czechoslovakia, 52, 324–6, 330–1 postwar expulsion of Germans. See expulsion Hungary, 52, 322 of Germans from East-Central and northern East Prussia (postwar Soviet region Eastern Europe of Kaliningrad), 337 postwar expulsion of Hungarians, Poland (prewar territory), 327, 331–2 re-Slovakization and de-Magyarization, Yugoslavia, 321–2 335 expulsion of Germans from Poland’s new similarities and differences between the territories Czechoslovak and Polish postwar disorganized expulsion, 94–9, 127, 191, 195, campaigns of ethno-national 326–7 homogenization, 333–6 expulsion from the Polish–Czechoslovak border zone (1948), 122 Democratic Party (Stronnictwo Demokratyczne), expulsion of German clergy, 287, 290–1 49, 58, 162 expulsion of German teachers, 281 Deutsche Volksliste (German Ethnicity List), expulsion of Jewish Germans, 113–14 31–2, 157–8, 328, 331. See also expulsion of orphans, 203 rehabilitation action mass transportation, 103–4, 105–14, 115, displaced persons (foreign) (forced labourers, 118–22, 134–5, 136, 139, 197–201, 203–5, released POWs and Jews) 328, 332 in Poland’s new territories, 229–31, 338 Polish–British and Polish–Soviet agreements in postwar occupied Germany, 338–9 to begin the mass transportation of Dmowski, Roman, 53, 56, 159 Germans to the British and Soviet Dresden, 72 occupation zones of Germany (1946), 105, 111 East Germany (German Democratic Republic), total number expelled, 332 4, 344. See also integration of German voluntary migration, 92, 100–3, 105–6, 193–5, refugees and expellees from East-Central 327–8 and Eastern Europe in postwar Germany; Soviet Occupation Zone of flight and evacuation of civilians from prewar Germany eastern Germany (1944–5), 51, 65–72, East Prussia, 42, 43, 323, 324 75–6, 78–9, 92–3, 125, 190, 323–4, 336 northern (postwar Soviet region of return from flight, 86–7, 166–7, 169–70, 209, Kaliningrad), 44, 52, 336–7 210, 242 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-67148-5 - Germans to Poles: Communism, Nationalism and Ethnic Cleansing after the Second World War Hugo Service Index More information 372 Index flight of ethnic Germans and other civilians stay in Kowary (Schmiedeberg) (1948), 62 from Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia, Grabski, Stanisław, 53 320–1 Greiser, Arthur, 20, 32 from Poland (prewar territory), 306, 323, 329 Groß-Rosen Concentration Camp, 76, 217, 219 from postwar Soviet territory, 306–7 from Slovakia, 322–3 Hanke, Karl, 75 from the Czech lands, 324 Hauptmann, Gerhart, 282, 284–5 forced migration of Poles and Polish Jews from Heydrich, Reinhard, 33 the Ukrainian, Lithuanian and Himmler, Heinrich, 17, 18, 31 Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republics Hitler, Adolf, 39 (1944–7), 38, 129, 146, 217, 307–14. See Hlond, August, 285 also repatriation of ethnic Poles from the Holocaust, 215 USSR’s interior after the Second World death marches, 30, 78 War; repatriation of Polish Jews from the ghettos for Jews USSR’s interior after the Second World in central and western Poland, 20, 28, 29 War in eastern Poland, the western USSR and Frank, Hans, 17, 19, 20 the Baltic states, 27, 29 Fundowicz, Roman, 106, 113 in central and western Poland, 28–30 in eastern Poland, the western USSR and the German Antifascists Baltic states, 26–8 in Poland’s new territories, 280 in Hirschberg (Jelenia Gora)´ District, 76–8 in postwar Czechoslovakia, 331 in Romania, 28, 30 German collective memory of the flight and killing of Jews before June 1941, 15, 19–20 expulsion of Germans, 1–3 Nazi German extermination sites in occupied German expellee organizations and political Poland activities in the Federal Republic of Auschwitz-Birkenau, 29, 76 Germany, 3, 6, 343–4 Bełzec,˙ 28 German minority of interwar Poland Chełmno nad Nerem, 28, 29 collaboration with Poland’s Nazi German Majdanek, 29 occupiers and the role of ethnic German Sobibor,´ 28 militias in the expulsion and killing of Treblinka, 28, 29 Polish civilians, 15, 17, 18 pogroms against Jews by local non-Jews in the interwar period, 14 (1941), 26 German minority of post-1949 Communist Home Army (Armia Krajowa), 47–8, 56 Poland Home National Council (Krajowa Rada mass emigration, 300–1 Narodowa), 46, 50, 53 number, 123–4, 301 Hungary, 33. See also camps for Germans; treatment by the regime, 299–300, 301 expulsion of Germans from East-Central German social and cultural life in Poland’s new and Eastern Europe; flight of ethnic territories (1945–6) Germans and other civilians; Serbs; German Protestant churches, 288–9, 290 Soviet deportation of civilians to camps underground schools, 280–1, 289 in the USSR (1944–5) See also German Antifascists German victimhood narrative, 1–3, 5–6, 92 integration of German refugees and expellees Germans as labour from East-Central and Eastern Europe forced labour, 101–2 in postwar Germany, 339–44 low-paid or unpaid labour, 100, 135 Israel, 226, 338 on state farms, 124, 140–1 skilled German workers Jan Kazimierz University in Lwow´ (L’viv), 297, in Poland’s new territories, 114–18, 119–20, 314 121–2, 123 Jaroszek, Jozef,´ 113 in postwar Czechoslovakia, 330, 331 Jews, 2 See also camps for Germans genocide against Europe’s Jews. See Holocaust Gomułka, Władysław, 46, 49, 55, 61, 62–3, 85, German Jews, 113–14 141, 284 Hungarian Jews, 29 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-67148-5 - Germans to Poles: Communism, Nationalism and Ethnic Cleansing after the Second World War Hugo Service Index More information Index 373 in Soviet-occupied eastern Poland (1939–41), National Party of Poland (Stronnictwo 21, 24, 25 Narodowe), 42, 56 See also displaced persons; Polish Jews Nazi Germany annexed territories of western Poland, 15–16, Kaliningrad region (USSR).